Automating with STEP 7 in STL_and

Berger Automating with STEP 7 in STL and SCL

Automating with STEP7 in STL and SCL Programmable Controllers SIMATIC S7-300/400 by Hans Berger 6th revised and enlarged edition, 2012 Publicis Publishing

Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. This book contains one Trial DVD. “SIMATIC STEP 7 Professional, Edition 2010 SR1, Trial License” encompasses: SIMATIC STEP 7 V5.5 SP1, S7-GRAPH V5.3 SP7, S7-SCL V5.3 SP6, S7-PLCSIM V5.4 SP5 and can be used for trial purposes for 14 days. This Software can only be used with the Microsoft Windows XP 32 Bit Professional Edition SP3 or Microsoft Windows 7 32/64 Bit Professional Edition SP1 or Microsoft Windows 7 32/64 Bit Ultimate Edition SP1 operating systems. Additional information can be found in the Internet at: http://www.siemens.com/sce/contact http://www.siemens.com/sce/modules http://www.siemens.com/sce/tp The programming examples concentrate on describing the STL and SCL functions and providing SIMATIC S7 users with programming tips for solving specific tasks with this controller. The programming examples given in the book do not pretend to be complete solutions or to be executable on future STEP 7 releases or S7-300/400 versions. Additional care must be taken in order to comply with the relevant safety regulations. The author and publisher have taken great care with all texts and illustrations in this book. Nevertheless, errors can never be completely avoided. The publisher and the author accept no liability, regardless of legal basis, for any damage resulting from the use of the programming examples. The author and publisher are always grateful to hear your responses to the contents of the book. Publicis Publishing P.O. Box 3240 91050 Erlangen E-mail: publishing-distribution@publicis.de Internet: www.publicis-books.de ISBN 978-3-89578-412-5 6th edition, 2012 Editor: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin and Munich Publisher: Publicis Publishing, Erlangen © 2012 by Publicis Erlangen, Zweigniederlassung der PWW GmbH This publication and all parts thereof are protected by copyright. Any use of it outside the strict provisions of the copyright law without the consent of the publisher is forbidden and will incur penalties. This applies particularly to reproduction, translation, microfilming or other processing‚ and to storage or processing in electronic systems. It also applies to the use of individual illustrations or extracts from the text. Printed in Germany

Preface dling of STEP 7 when configuring, networking and programming SIMATIC PLCs. The description of the “Basic Functions” of a binary control, such as logic operations or latching/ unlatching functions, makes it particularly easy for first-time users or users changing from relay contactor controls to become acquainted with STEP 7. The digital functions explain how dig- ital values are combined; for example, basic calculations, comparisons or data type conver- sion. The book shows how you can control program processing (program flow) and design struc- tured programs. In addition to the cyclically processed main program, you can also incorpo- rate event-driven program sections as well as influence the behavior of the controller at startup and in the event of errors/faults. One section of the book is dedicated to the description of the SCL programming language. SCL is especially suitable for programming complex algorithms or for tasks in the data management area, and it supplements STL towards higher-level programming languages. The book concludes with the description of a program for converting STEP 5 programs to STEP 7 programs, and a general overview of the system functions and the function set for STL and SCL. The contents of this book describe Version 5.5 of the STEP 7 programming software and Ver- sion 5.3 SP5 of the S7-SCL optional package. Nuremberg, May 2012 Hans Berger Preface The SIMATIC automation system unites all the subsystems of an automation solution under a uniform system architecture to form a homoge- neous whole from the field level right up to pro- cess control. This Totally Integrated Automa- tion (TIA) enables integrated configuring and programming, data management and communi- cations throughout the complete automation system. As the basic tool for SIMATIC, STEP 7 plays an integrating role in Totally Integrated Auto- mation. STEP 7 is used to configure and pro- gram the SIMATIC S7, SIMATIC C7 and SIMATIC WinAC automation systems. Micro- soft Windows has been chosen as the operating system to take advantage of the familiar user interface of standard PCs as also used in office environments. For block programming STEP 7 provides pro- gramming languages that comply with DIN EN 6.1131-3: STL (statement list; an Assembler- like language), LAD (ladder logic; a represen- tation similar to relay logic diagrams), FBD (function block diagram) and the S7-SCL optional package (Structured Control Lan- guage, a Pascal-like high-level language). Sev- eral optional packages supplement these lan- guages: S7-GRAPH (sequential control), S7- HiGraph (programming with state-transition diagrams) and CFC (connecting blocks; similar to function block diagram). The various meth- ods of representation allow every user to select the suitable control function description. This broad adaptability in representing the control task to be solved significantly simplifies work- ing with STEP 7. This book describes the STL and SCL program- ming languages for S7-300/400. As a valuable supplement to the description of the languages, and following an introduction to the S7-300/ 400 automation system, it provides valuable, practice-oriented information on the basic han- 5

6 The Contents of the Book at a Glance Overview of the S7- 300/400 programma- ble logic controller PLC functions compa- rable to a contactor control system Numbers, manipulat- ing the contents of the accumulators Program run control, block functions Introduction Basic Functions Digital Functions Program Flow Control 1 SIMATIC S7-300/ 400 Programmable Controller Structure of the Pro- grammable Controller (Hardware Components of S7-300/400); Memory Areas; Distributed I/O (PROFIBUS DP); Communications (Subnets); Modules Addresses; Addresses Areas 2 STEP 7 Program- ming Software Editing Projects; Configuring Stations; Configuring the Net- work; Symbol Editor; STL Program Editor; SCL Program Editor; Online Mode; Testing the Program 3 SIMATIC S7 Program Program Processing; Block Types; Programming STL and SCL Code Blocks; Programming Data Blocks; Addressing Variables, Constant Representa- tions, Data Types (Overview) 4 Binary Logic Operations AND, OR and Exclusive OR Functions; Nesting Functions 5 Memory Functions Assign, Set and Reset; Edge Evaluation; Example of a Conveyor Belt Control System 6 Move Functions Load Functions, Transfer Functions; Accumulator Functions; System Functions for Data Transfer 7 Timer Functions Start SIMATIC Timers with Five Different Types; IEC Timers 8 Counter Functions SIMATIC Counters; Count up, Count down, Set, Reset and Scan Counters; IEC Counters 9 Comparison Functions Comparison Accord- ing to Data Types INT, DINT and REAL 15 Status Bits Binary Flags, Digital Flags; EN/ENO Mechanism 10 Arithmetic Functions Four-function Math with INT, DINT and REAL numbers; Adding Constants, Decrementing and Incrementing 11 Math Functions Trigonometric Functions; Arc Functions; Powers, Logarithm 12 Converting Functions Data Type Conversion; Complement Forma- tion 13 Shift Functions Shifting and Rotating 14 Word Logic AND, OR, Exclusive OR 16 Jump Functions Unconditional Jump; Jumps Conditional on the RLO, BR and the Digital Flags; Jump Distributor, Loop Jump 17 Master Control Relay MCR Dependency, MCR Area, MCR Zone 18 Block Functions Block Call, Block End; Temporary and Static Local Data; Data Addresses 19 Block Parameters Formal Parameters, Actual Parameters; Declarations, Assignments and “Parameter Passing”

Processing the user program Working with complex variables, indirect addressing Description of the Programming Language SCL S5/S7 Converter, block libraries, overviews Program Processing Variable Handling Structured Control Language SCL Appendix 20 Main Program Program Structure; Scan Cycle Control (Response Time, Start Information, Back- ground Scanning); Program Functions; Communications via Distributed I/O and Global Data; S7 and S7-Basic Communications 21 Interrupt Handling Time-of-Day Inter- rupts; Time-Delay In- terrupts; Watchdog Interrupts; Hardware Interrupts; DPV1 In- terrupts; Multiproces- sor Interrupt; Handling Interrupts 22 Restart Characteristics Cold Restart, Hot Restart, Warm Restart; STOP, HOLD, Memory Reset; Parameterizing Modules 23 Error Handling Synchronous Errors; Asynchronous Errors; System Diagnostics 24 Data Types Structure of the Data Types, Declaration and Use of Elementary and Complex Data Types; Programming of User Defined Data Types UDT 25 Indirect Addressing Area Pointer, DB Pointer, ANY Pointer; Indirect Addressing via Memory and Register (Area-internal and Area-crossing); Working with Address Registers 26 Direct Variable Access Load Variable Address Data Storage of Variables in the Memory; Data Storage when Transferring Parame- ters; “Variable” ANY Pointer; Brief Description of the “Message Frame Example” 27 Introduction, Language Elements Addressing, Operators, Expressions, Value Assignments 28 Control Statements IF, CASE, FOR, WHILE, REPEAT, CONTINUE, EXIT, GOTO, RETURN 29 SCL Block Calls Function Value; OK Variable, EN/ENO Mechanism, Descrip- tion of Examples 30 SCL Functions Timer Functions; Counter Functions; Conversion and Math Functions; Shifting and Rotating 31 IEC Functions Conversion and Com- parison Functions; STRING Functions; Date/Time-of-Day Functions; Numerical Functions 32 S5/S7 Converter Preparations for Conversion; Converting STEP 5 Programs; Postprocessing 33 Block Libraries Organization Blocks; System Function Blocks; IEC Function Blocks; S5-S7 Converting Blocks; TI-S7 Converting Blocks; PID Control Blocks; DP Functions 34 STL Operation Overview Basic Functions; Digital Functions; Program Flow Control; Indirect Addressing 35 SCL Statement and Function Overview Operators; Control Statements; Block Calls; Standard Functions 7

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