Windows-7-and-Vista-Guide-to-Scripting,Automation and Command Li....pdf

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Cover

Contents at a Glance

Table of Contents

Introduction

I: Scripting with Windows Script Host

1 Windows Script Host

What Is a Windows Script?

Scripting Languages

A Simple Script

Types of Script Files

Creating Your First Script File

How Windows Runs Scripts

Running Your Own Scripts

Security Concerns

Debugging Scripts

Where to Get More Information

2 VBScript Tutorial

Introduction to VBScript

Flow Control

VBScript Functions

Interacting with the User

Advanced VBScript Topics

Where to Go from Here

3 Scripting and Objects

Introduction to Objects

Using Objects with VBScript

Using Objects with JScript

Using Objects with ActivePerl

Using Objects with ActivePython

Using the WScript Object

Locating and Using Unusual Objects

4 File and Registry Access

Getting Real Work Done

Manipulating Files and Folders

Reading and Writing Files

Reading and Writing XML

Manipulating Programs and Shortcuts

Working with the Environment

Working with the Registry

5 Network and Printer Objects

Managing Network and Printer Connections

Retrieving Network User Information

Managing Drive Mappings

Managing Network Printer Connections

Printing from Scripts

6 Messaging and Faxing Objects

Sending Email from Scripts with CDO

The CDO Object Model

Sending a Message with CDO

Faxing from Scripts

7 Windows Management Instrumentation

Introduction to Windows Management Instrumentation

Making WMI Connections

WMI Collections and Queries

Scriptomatic

WMI Examples

For More Information

8 Active Directory Scripting Interface

Managing the User Directory

ADSI Concepts

ADSI Objects for the WinNT: Provider

IIS and Exchange

Managing Active Directory

Active Directory Objects

Developing ADSI Scripts

EzAD Scriptomatic

For More Information

9 Deploying Scripts for Computer and Network Management

Using Scripts in the Real World

Using WSF Files

Deploying Scripts on a Network

Creating Simple Installation Programs with IExpress

Writing Scripts to Manage Other Computers

Scripting Security Issues

Setting Up Logon Scripts

Scheduling Scripts to Run Automatically

II: The Command Line Environment

10 The CMD Command-Line

The Command Prompt

Running CMD

Command-Line Processing

Configuring the CMD Program

Built-in Commands

Getting More Information

11 Batch Files for Fun and Profit

Why Batch Files?

Creating and Using Batch Files

Batch File Programming

Displaying Information in Batch Files

Argument Substitution

Argument Editing

Conditional Processing with If

Processing Multiple Arguments

Working with Environment Variables

Processing Multiple Items with the for Command

Using Batch File Subroutines

Prompting for Input

Useful Batch File Techniques

12 The MS-DOS Environment Under Windows

MS-DOS Programs on Windows

Configuring the MS-DOS Environment

MS-DOS and Networking

Printing from MS-DOS

Configuring Serial Communications with MS-DOS

Using Special-Purpose Devices for MS-DOS

Managing MS-DOS Programs

13 Command-Line Utilities

Windows Command-Line Programs

The Essential Command Line

GUI Shortcuts

General-Purpose Shell Programs

File-Management Tools

Management Power Tools

Networking Utilities

Getting More Utilities

III: Introduction to Windows PowerShell

14 Windows PowerShell

Introduction to Windows PowerShell

Obtaining Windows PowerShell

The PowerShell Environment

The PowerShell Command Prompt

Cmdlets and Objects and Scripts, Oh My!

Getting Help

Prompting to Complete Commands

Aliases

Navigating Directories and Other Locations

PowerShell Security

PowerShell Profiles

15 PowerShell Programming

The Windows PowerShell Programming Language

Windows PowerShell Syntax

Comments

Variables and Types

Expressions

Flow of Control

Exception Handling

Defining Functions

Using the .NET API

16 Using PowerShell

Real-World PowerShell

Command-Line Techniques

Formatting Cmdlet Output

Working with Files and Folders

Creating Useful Scripts

Using Hash Tables

The PowerShell Integrated Scripting Environment

Remote and Background PowerShell

Where to Go from Here

IV: Appendices

A: VBScript Reference

VBScript 5.6 Language Features

Syntax

General Structure of a VBScript Program

Data Types and Variables

Expressions and Operators

Program Statements

Functions

Predefined Special Values

VBA Features Omitted from VBScript

B: CMD and Batch File Language Reference

Batch File Argument and for Variable Replacement

Environment Variable Expansion

Predefined Environment Variables

Command Formatting

Built-in Commands

C: Command Line Program Reference

Administrative Tools

Built-in and Batch File Commands

DOS Commands

File-Management Commands

Handy Programs

Networking Tools

Software Development Aids

TCP/IP Utilities

Windows GUI Programs

D: Index of Patterns and Sample Scripts

Index of Patterns

Index of Sample Scripts and Batch Files

Index

J-K

Q-R

X-Y-Z

E: Automation Object Reference

Collection and Dictionary Objects

Script Management and Utility Objects

File Access Objects

XML/HTML Processing Objects

Program Environment Objects

Network and Printer Objects

Messaging Objects

Windows Management Interface (WMI) Objects

Active Directory Scripting Interface Objects

F: WSF and WSC File Format Reference

XML Conformance

Structure of a WSF

Structure of a WSC File

Tag Syntax

G: Creating Your Own Scriptable Objects

Why Create Your Own Objects?

Programming Language Options

Creating Objects with Windows Script Component Files

WSC File Format Reference

Creating a WSC

Creating a Practical Object

ptg6519196

Windows 7 and Vista Guide to Scripting, Automation, and Command Line Tools Brian Knittel 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA

Windows 7 and Vista: Guide to Scripting, Automation, and Command Line Tools Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmit- ted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written per- mission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the pub- lisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. ISBN-13: 978-0-7897-3728-1 ISBN-10: 0-7897-3728-0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data is on file. Printed in the United States of America First Printing: December 2010 Trademarks All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appro- priately capitalized. Que Publishing cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Warning and Disclaimer Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no war- ranty or fitness is implied.The information provided is on an “as is” basis.The author and the pub- lisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book. Bulk Sales Que Publishing offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales. For more information, please contact U.S. Corporate and Government Sales 1-800-382-3419 corpsales@pearsontechgroup.com For sales outside of the United States, please contact International Sales international@pearson.com Associate Publisher Greg Wiegand Acquisitions Editor Rick Kughen Development Editor Todd Brakke Managing Editor Sandra Schroeder Project Editor Mandie Frank Copy Editor Megan Wade Indexer Tim Wright Proofreader Jovana Shirley Technical Editor Ron Barrett Publishing Coordinator Cindy Teeters Designer Anne Jones Compositor Studio Galou, LLC ptg6519196

Contents at a Glance Introduction 1 I Scripting with Windows Script Host 1 Windows Script Host 9 2 VBScript Tutorial 49 3 Scripting and Objects 93 4 File and Registry Access 123 5 Network and Printer Objects 207 6 Messaging and Faxing Objects 231 7 Windows Management Interface 279 8 Active Directory Scripting Interface 319 9 Deploying Scripts for Computer and Network Management 375 II The Command Line Environment 10 The CMD Command-Line Shell 433 11 Batch Files for Fun and Profit 491 12 The MS-DOS Environment Under Windows 521 13 Command-Line Utilities 543 III Introduction to Windows PowerShell 14 Windows PowerShell 593 15 PowerShell Programming 621 16 Using PowerShell 683 IV Appendices A VBScript Reference 713 B CMD and Batch File Language Reference 725 C Command Line Program Reference 735 D Index of Patterns and Sample Programs 747 Index 753 Online Content: E Automation Object Reference F WSF and WSC File Format Reference G Creating Your Own Scriptable Objects ptg6519196

Table of Contents Introduction 1 I Scripting with Windows Script Host 1 Windows Script Host 9 What Is a Windows Script? 9 The “Script” Part 9 The “Windows” Part 10 The “Host” Part 11 How Is This Different from Writing Batch Files? 13 Scripting Languages 13 VBScript 14 JScript 14 Perl 15 Python 15 Open Object REXX 15 Ruby 15 Choosing a Language 16 A Simple Script 16 Types of Script Files 19 JSE and VBE: Encoded Scripts 20 Windows Script Files (WSF) 21 Windows Script Components (WSC) 23 WSH Settings 23 Creating Your First Script File 24 Making and Securing a Script Folder 24 Creating a Script 26 Script Editing Tools 27 How Windows Runs Scripts 28 Wscript and Cscript 28 Ways to Run a Script 29 Passing Information to Scripts 31 Saving the Results from Scripts 32 Wscript and Cscript Command Options 33 iv Wow! eBook ptg6519196

Running Your Own Scripts 36 Adding Scripts to the Path 37 Running Scripts with a Shortcut Icon 38 Making a Script Shortcut 39 Running Scripts from Batch Files 39 Running Scripts Automatically 40 Security Concerns 40 Trust Policy and Script Signing 42 Debugging Scripts 42 Where to Get More Information 47 2 VBScript Tutorial 49 Introduction to VBScript 49 Variables 50 Constants 51 Named Constants 52 Operators and Expressions 53 Automatic Conversion 57 Flow Control 57 The If…Then Statement 58 The Select Case Statement 61 The Do While Loop 63 Terminating a Loop with Exit Do 65 Counting with the For…Next Statement 66 Processing Collections and Arrays with For…Each 67 VBScript Functions 68 Calling Functions and Subroutines 69 Documentation and Syntax 70 String-Manipulation Functions 71 Date and Time Functions 74 Interacting with the User 79 The MsgBox( ) Function 79 The InputBox( ) Function 82 Printing Simple Text Messages with Wscript.Echo 84 Advanced VBScript Topics 85 Error Handling 86 Procedures: Functions and Subroutines 87 v Wow! eBook ptg6519196

Arrays 89 Variable Scope 91 Where to Go from Here 92 3 Scripting and Objects 93 Introduction to Objects 93 Classes and Instances 94 Containers and Collections 95 Object Naming 97 Using Objects with VBScript 98 Automation and Document Files 99 The Difference Between Properties and Methods 100 Nested Objects 101 Releasing Objects 102 Working with Collections 102 Using Objects with JScript 104 Case Sensitivity 104 Working with Collections 104 Using Objects with ActivePerl 106 Running Perl Scripts in WSH 106 The Perl Object Interface 107 Working with Collections 108 Using Objects with ActivePython 109 Working with Collections 110 Using the WScript Object 111 Retrieving Command-Line Arguments 113 Locating and Using Unusual Objects 115 4 File and Registry Access 123 Getting Real Work Done 123 Manipulating Files and Folders 124 Scripting.FileSystemObject 124 Working with File and Pathnames 130 The Scripting.Drive Object 135 The Scripting.Folder Object 139 The Scripting.File Object 144 vi Wow! eBook ptg6519196

Reading and Writing Files 149 The TextStream Object 150 Reading Text from Files 152 Writing Text to Files 154 Working with Stdin and Stdout 159 Reading Binary Files 163 Reading and Writing XML 167 Some XML Basics 168 Reading an XML File 176 Creating an XML or HTML File 179 Manipulating Programs and Shortcuts 181 The WScript.Shell Object 182 Running Programs 186 Creating and Modifying Shortcuts 193 Working with the Environment 196 Extracting Environment Information 198 Managing Environment Settings 199 Working with the Registry 201 Examining Registry Keys and Values 202 Saving Information in the Registry 203 5 Network and Printer Objects 207 Managing Network and Printer Connections 207 Retrieving Network User Information 212 Managing Drive Mappings 214 Listing Drive Mappings with EnumNetworkDrives 214 Adding Drive Mappings 218 Deleting Drive Mappings 219 Setting Up Mappings in a Script 220 Managing Network Printer Connections 221 Displaying Printer Information 222 Connecting to Network Printers 223 Redirecting DOS Session Printers 225 Deleting Printer Connections 226 Setting the Default Printer 228 Printing from Scripts 229 vii Wow! eBook ptg6519196

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