full speed python.pdf

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Introduction

Installation

Installing on Windows

Installing on macOS

Installing on Linux

Numbers and strings

Exercises with numbers

Exercises with strings

Lists

Exercises with lists

List comprehensions

Exercises with list comprehensions

Modules and functions

Exercises with the math module

Exercises with functions

Recursive functions

Exercises with recursive functions

Iteration and loops

Exercises with the for loop

Exercises with the while statement

Dictionaries

Exercises with dictionaries

Exercises with sub-dictionaries

Classes

Exercises with classes

Class inheritance

Exercises with inheritance

Iterators

Iterator classes

Exercises with iterators

Generators

Exercises with generators

Coroutines

Exercises with coroutines

Pipelines

Exercises with coroutine pipelines

Full Speed Python João Ventura

Contents 1 Introduction 2 Installation Installing on Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installing on macOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installing on Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Numbers and strings Exercises with numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercises with strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 4 6 6 8 9 9 4 Lists 11 Exercises with lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 12 List comprehensions Exercises with list comprehensions 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Modules and functions Exercises with the math module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercises with functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recursive functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercises with recursive functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Iteration and loops Exercises with the for loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercises with the while statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Dictionaries Exercises with dictionaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercises with sub-dictionaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Classes Exercises with classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Class inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercises with inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Iterators Iterator classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercises with iterators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 15 15 15 16 17 19 19 21 22 23 24 25 25 25 27 28 29 1

10 Generators 30 Exercises with generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 11 Coroutines Exercises with coroutines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pipelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exercises with coroutine pipelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 33 33 35 2

Chapter 1 Introduction This book aims to teach the Python programming language using a practical approach. Its method is quite simple: after a short introduction to each topic, the reader is invited to learn more by solving the proposed exercises. These exercises have been used extensively in my web development and distributed computing classes at the Superior School of Technology of Setúbal. With these exercises, most students are up to speed with Python in less than a month. In fact, students of the distributed computing course, taught in the second year of the software engineering degree, become familiar with Python’s syntax in two weeks and are able to implement a distributed client-server application with sockets in the third week. Please note that this book is a work in progress and, as such, may contain a few spelling errors that may be corrected in the future. However it is made available now as it is so it can be useful to anyone who wants to use it. I sincerely hope you can get something good through it. The source of this book is available on github (https://github.com/joaoventura/full-speed- python). I welcome any pull requests to correct misspellings, suggest new exercises or to provide clariﬁcation of the current content. All the best, João Ventura - Adjunct Professor at the Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal. 3

Chapter 2 Installation In this chapter we will install and run the Python interpreter in your local computer. Installing on Windows 1. Download the latest Python 3 release for Windows on https://www.python.org/ downloads/windows/ and execute the installer. At the time of writing, this is Python 3.6.4. 2. Make sure that the “Install launcher for all users” and “Add Python to PATH” settings are selected and choose “Customize installation”. Figure 2.1: Windows installation 3. In the next screen “Optional Features”, you can install everything, but it is essential to install “pip” and “pylauncher (for all users)”. Pip is the Python package manager that allows you to install several Python packages and libraries. 4. In the Advanced Options, make sure that you select “Add Python to environment variables”. Also, I suggest that you change the install location to something like 4

C:\Python36\ as it will be easier for you to ﬁnd the Python installation if something goes wrong. Figure 2.2: Windows installation 5. Finally, allow Python to use more than 260 characters on the ﬁle system by selecting “Disable path length limit” and close the installation dialog. Figure 2.3: Windows installation 6. Now, open the command line (cmd) and execute “python” or “python3”. If everything was correctly installed, you should see the Python REPL. The REPL (from Read, Evaluate, Print and Loop) is a environment that you can use to program small snippets of Python code. Run exit() to leave the REPL. 5

Figure 2.4: Python REPL Installing on macOS You can download the latest macOS binary releases from https://www.python.org/ downloads/mac-osx/. Make sure you download the latest Python 3 release (3.6.4 at the time of writing). You can also use Homebrew, a package manager for macOS (https://brew.sh/). To install the latest Python 3 release with Homebrew, just do “brew install python3” on your terminal. Another option is to use the MacPorts package manager (https://www.macports.org/) and command “port install python36”. Figure 2.5: Python REPL Finally, open the terminal, execute python3 and you should see the Python REPL as above. Press Ctrl+D or write exit() to leave the REPL. Installing on Linux To install Python on Linux, you can download the latest Python 3 source releases from https://www.python.org/downloads/source/ or use your package manager (apt-get, 6

aptitude, synaptic and others) to install it. To make sure you have Python 3 installed on your system, run python3 --version in your terminal. Finally, open the terminal, execute python3 and you should see the Python REPL as in the following image. Press Ctrl+D or write exit() to leave the REPL. Figure 2.6: Python REPL 7

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