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MATLAB® Coder™ User's Guide R2017a

How to Contact MathWorks Latest news: Sales and services: User community: Technical support: Phone: www.mathworks.com www.mathworks.com/sales_and_services www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral www.mathworks.com/support/contact_us 508-647-7000 The MathWorks, Inc. 3 Apple Hill Drive Natick, MA 01760-2098 MATLAB® Coder™ User's Guide © COPYRIGHT 2011–2017 by The MathWorks, Inc. The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement. The software may be used or copied only under the terms of the license agreement. No part of this manual may be photocopied or reproduced in any form without prior written consent from The MathWorks, Inc. FEDERAL ACQUISITION: This provision applies to all acquisitions of the Program and Documentation by, for, or through the federal government of the United States. By accepting delivery of the Program or Documentation, the government hereby agrees that this software or documentation qualifies as commercial computer software or commercial computer software documentation as such terms are used or defined in FAR 12.212, DFARS Part 227.72, and DFARS 252.227-7014. Accordingly, the terms and conditions of this Agreement and only those rights specified in this Agreement, shall pertain to and govern the use, modification, reproduction, release, performance, display, and disclosure of the Program and Documentation by the federal government (or other entity acquiring for or through the federal government) and shall supersede any conflicting contractual terms or conditions. If this License fails to meet the government's needs or is inconsistent in any respect with federal procurement law, the government agrees to return the Program and Documentation, unused, to The MathWorks, Inc. Trademarks MATLAB and Simulink are registered trademarks of The MathWorks, Inc. See www.mathworks.com/trademarks for a list of additional trademarks. Other product or brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Patents MathWorks products are protected by one or more U.S. patents. Please see www.mathworks.com/patents for more information.

Revision History April 2011 Online only September 2011 Online only March 2012 Online only September 2012 Online only March 2013 Online only September 2013 Online only March 2014 Online only Online only October 2014 March 2015 Online only September 2015 Online only October 2015 Online only March 2016 Online only September 2016 Online only March 2017 Online only New for Version 2 (R2011a) Revised for Version 2.1 (Release 2011b) Revised for Version 2.2 (Release 2012a) Revised for Version 2.3 (Release 2012b) Revised for Version 2.4 (Release 2013a) Revised for Version 2.5 (Release 2013b) Revised for Version 2.6 (Release 2014a) Revised for Version 2.7 (Release 2014b) Revised for Version 2.8 (Release 2015a) Revised for Version 3.0 (Release 2015b) Rereleased for Version 2.8.1 (Release 2015aSP1) Revised for Version 3.1 (Release 2016a) Revised for Version 3.2 (Release 2016b) Revised for Version 3.3 (Release 2017a)

Check Bug Reports for Issues and Fixes Software is inherently complex and is not free of errors. The output of a code generator might contain bugs, some of which are not detected by a compiler. MathWorks reports critical known bugs brought to its attention on its Bug Report system at www.mathworks.com/support/bugreports/. Use the Saved Searches and Watched Bugs tool with the search phrase "Incorrect Code Generation" to obtain a report of known bugs that produce code that might compile and execute, but still produce wrong answers. The bug reports are an integral part of the documentation for each release. Examine periodically all bug reports for a release, as such reports may identify inconsistencies between the actual behavior of a release you are using and the behavior described in this documentation. In addition to reviewing bug reports, you should implement a verification and validation strategy to identify potential bugs in your design, code, and tools.

Contents About MATLAB Coder MATLAB Coder Product Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Key Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Product Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . When to Use MATLAB Coder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Code Generation for Embedded Software Applications . . . . . Code Generation for Fixed-Point Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . Code Generation Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See Also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 1-2 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-5 1-5 Design Considerations for C/C++ Code Generation 1 2 When to Generate Code from MATLAB Algorithms . . . . . . . When Not to Generate Code from MATLAB Algorithms . . . . Which Code Generation Feature to Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prerequisites for C/C++ Code Generation from MATLAB . . . MATLAB Code Design Considerations for Code Generation See Also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Differences Between Generated Code and MATLAB Code . . Character Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Order of Evaluation in Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Termination Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Size of Variable-Size N-D Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 2-2 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-8 2-8 2-10 2-10 vii

Size of Empty Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Size of Empty Array That Results from Deleting Elements of an Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Floating-Point Numerical Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NaN and Infinity Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Code Generation Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MATLAB Class Initial Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Variable-Size Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Complex Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potential Differences Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Addressing Potential Differences Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disabling and Enabling Potential Differences Reporting . . . Potential Differences Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automatic Dimension Incompatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mtimes No Dynamic Scalar Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Matrix-Matrix Indexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vector-Vector Indexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Size Mismatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MATLAB Language Features Supported for C/C++ Code Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MATLAB Features That Code Generation Supports . . . . . . MATLAB Language Features That Code Generation Does Not Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 2-10 2-11 2-12 2-12 2-12 2-12 2-12 2-13 2-13 2-13 2-15 2-15 2-16 2-16 2-17 2-17 2-20 2-20 2-21 Functions, Classes, and System Objects Supported for Code Generation 3 Functions and Objects Supported for C/C++ Code Generation — Alphabetical List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 Functions and Objects Supported for C/C++ Code Generation — Category List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aerospace Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arithmetic Operations in MATLAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Audio System Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automated Driving System Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-67 3-69 3-69 3-70 3-71 viii Contents

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