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2018 年广东暨南大学基础英语考研真题学科、专业名称：日语语言文学研究方向：考试科目名称：241 基础英语考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。 Part I Cloze (10 points) Directions: Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblankthereare four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into thepassage. Thenmarkthe corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the center. Globalization has affected almost every aspect of life in almost every nation. From economic to social to culture, this widespread __1__ of goods, services and ideas has __2__ changes around the world. Even though the__3__ influence in globalization is of slight significance to policy makers, its__4__ has tremendous consequences to the nations__5__ and its people. Food is an important element in __6__ culture. Britannica: “Food is the oldest global__7__ of culture.” Any changes in the foods that we eat, in its preparation, the__8__ it is served and consumed __9__ the traditional beliefs of the people. One of the most influential changes came with the__10__ of fast food restaurants like McDonald’s into foreign countries. Transformations have __11__ place which could be perceived as beneficial or__12__ to that culture. The globalization of McDonald’s has __13__ many debates. The pro- globalization belief is__14__ it enhances culture rather than adulterate. Radley Balko __15__ “In most communities, in fact, the McDonald’s has conformed to the __16__ culture not the other way __17__. The McDonald’s corporation notes that most of its __18__ franchises are locally owned, and thus make __19__ to buy from local communities. McDonald’s also alters its regional__20__ to conform to local taste.”

1. A. cause B. effect C. result D. exchange 2. A. devoted B. dropped C. influenced D. preferred 3. A. stiff 4. A. purpose B. rough B. power C. cultural D. tough C. progress D. proof 5. A. involved B. outweigh C. outsourced D. outcome 6. A. responding B. defining C. reversing D. recovering 7. A. carrier B. caution C. cost D. crowd 8. A. approach B. style C. way D. means 9. A. miss B. move C. diminish D measure 10. A. permission B. emissions C. transmission introduction 11. A. retained B. forgiven C. taken D. modeled 12. A. correcting B. corrupting C. relating D. D. resisting 13. A. beset B. submitted C. believed D. raised 14. A. that B. which C. when D. what 15. A. sticks B. guesses C. identifies D. states 16. A. social B. local C. liberal D. regular 17. A. around B. about C.in D. up 18. A. accessible B. rapid C. overseas D. complete 19. A. connection B. trials C. impacts D. efforts 20. A. bills B. menus C. methods D. manners Part II Reading Comprehension Section A (40 points) Directions:Thereare4passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked

A,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwritethecorrespondingletter on the Answer Sheet. Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. For many of us, asking for help is a difficult concept. We may feel as if we are admitting a weakness that the world would not have known about, had we not asked for help. Ironically, it ’ s been my experience that people who are able to deliver well-positioned requests for help are seen as very strong individuals. When they demonstrate the humility to ask for help, they earn the respect of others. People who receive a heartfelt request for help are usually honored by the request. In turn, we are strengthened by the very help that is provided. One of my clients (we’ll call her Kira) recently made shift in how she was interacting with her boss. When asked to prepare presentations, she assumed that she was expected to go away, develop the content, deliver it at the required meeting and then wait for feedback from her boss. Her boss was highly regarded for the impact of his presentations, which Kira often felt that her presentations were lacking. When she took a hard look at how this approach was working for her, Kira recognized that she had not yet made use of her boss’s support. She could learn far more about creating attractive presentations by walking through a draft with her boss — focusing on the content plus her delivery— and obtaining feedback earlier in the process rather than at the back end. So she made the request for his support. The outcome? Her boss was delighted to coach Kira and was enthusiastic about the opportunity to put into use his own strength by teaching presentation skills more effectively to her. By taking the time to work together on preparation for a number of Kira’s key presentations, she benefited from her boss’s thought process and was able to distinguish the critical components to enhance her own presentations. Kira’s presentations now have punch! Some of us are uncomfortable asking for help because we believe that our request

places burdens on the other person. Ironically, we may be missing an opportunity to show others how we value and respect them. People who know you and think well of you are often highly motivated to help. Furthermore, the more specific you can be about what you need from them, the easier it is for them to assist you. 21. Many people are unwilling to ask for help because they______. A) are confident of themselves B) do not trust other people C) are ashamed of doing so D) do not think it necessary 22. Which of the following may the author agree with? A) Asking for help means admitting weaknesses. B) Helping others is helping oneself. C) Well-positioned requests for help are welcomed. D) Weak people often need more help. 23. Kira’s requests for help______. A) turned out rewarding B) was turned down C) led to her promotion D) benefited her boss in return 24. “Kira’s presentations now have punch” means her presentations are______. A) forceful B) controversial C) well received D) highly motivating 25. The purpose of the passage is to ______. A) illustrate how to ask for help B) show the importance of mutual help C) call for attention to other’s requests D) encourage people to ask for help Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

Cheating is nothing new. But today, educators and administrators are finding that instances of academic dishonesty on the part of students have become more frequent — and are less likely to be punished — than in the past. Cheating appears to have gained acceptance among good and poor students alike. Why is student cheating on the rise? No one really knows. Some blame the trend on a general loosening of moral values among today’s youth. Others have attributed increased cheating to the fact that today’s youth are far more pragmatic (实用主义的) than their more idealistic predecessors. Whereas in the late sixties and early seventies，students were filled with visions about changing the world，today’ s students feel great pressure to conform and succeed. In interviews with students at high schools and colleges around the country, both young men and women said that cheating had become easy. Some suggested they did it out of spite for teachers they did not respect. Others looked at it as a game. Only if they were caught, some said, would they feel guilty. “People are competitive,” said a second-year college student named Anna, from Chicago. There’s an underlying fear. If you don’t do well, your life is going to be ruined. The pressure is not only form parents and friends but from oneself. To achieve. To succeed. It’s almost as though we have to outdo other people to achieve our own goals. Edward Wynne, a magazine editor, blames the rise in academic dishonesty on the schools. He claims that administrators and teachers have been too hesitant to take action. Dwight Huber, chairman of the English department at Amarillo, sees the matter differently, blaming the rise in cheating on the way students are evaluated. “I would cheat if I felt I was being cheated,” Mr. Huber said. He feels that as long as teachers gives short-answer tests rather than essay questions and rate students by the number of facts they can memorize rather than by how well they can put information together, students will try to beat the system. “The concept of cheating is based on the false assumption that the system is legitimate and there is something wrong with the individual who are doing it,” he said. “That’s too easy an answer. We’ve got to start looking at the system.”

26. Educators are finding that students who cheat_______. A) are not only those academically weak B) tend to be dishonest in later years C) are more likely to be punished than before D) have poor academic records 27. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A) Reform in the testing system will eliminate cheating. B) Punishment is an effective method to stop cheating. C) Students’ cheating has deep social roots. D) Students do not cheat on essay tests. 28. Which of the following points of view would Mr. Huber agree with? A) Cheating would be reduced through an educational reform. B) Students who cheat should be expelled from school. C) Punishment for cheaters should be severe in this country. D) Parents must take responsibility for the rise in cheating. 29. The expression “the individuals” (the last paragraph) refers to ________. A) school administrators B) students who cheat C) parents D) teachers 30. The passage mainly discusses_______. A) ways to eliminate academic dishonesty B) factors leading to academic dishonesty C) the decline of moral standards of today's youth D) people’s tolerance of students' cheating Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

There is a great irony of 21st-century global health: While many hundreds of millions of people lack adequate food as a result of economic inequities, political corruption, or warfare, many hundreds of millions more are overweight to the point of increased risk for diet-related chronic diseases. Obesity is a worldwide phenomenon, affecting children as well as adults and forcing all but the poorest countries to divert scarce resources away from food security to take care of people with preventable heart disease and diabetes. To reverse the obesity epidemic, we must address the fundamental causes. Overweight comes from consuming more food energy than is expended in activity. The cause of this imbalance also is ironic: improved prosperity. People use extra income to eat more and be less physically active. Market economies encourage this. They make people with expendable income into consumers of aggressively marketed foods that are high in energy but low in nutritional value, and of cars, televisions set, and computers that promote sedentary behavior. Gaining weight is good business. Food is particularly big business because everyone eats. Moreover, food is so overproduced that many countries, especially the rich ones, consume far more than they need, another irony, than the United States, to take an extreme example. Most adults — of all ages, incomes, educational levels, and census categories — are overweight. The U. S. food supply provides 3800 kilocalories per person per day, nearly twice as much as required by many adults. Overabundant food forces companies to compete for sales through advertising, health claims, new products, larger portions, and campaigns directed toward children. Food marketing promotes weight gain. Indeed, it is difficult to think of any major industry that might benefit if people ate less food, certainly not the agriculture, food product, grocery, restaurant, diet or drug industries. All flourish when people eat more. And all employ armies of Lobbyists to discourage governments from doing anything to inhibit overeating. 31. The great irony of 21st century global public health refers to ________. A) the cause of obesity and its counteractive measures

B) the insufficient and superfluous consumption of food C) the seas natural resource and the green of food source D) the consumption of food and the increased risk for diet-related diseases 32. To address the fundamental cause of the obesity epidemic, according to the passage, is ________. A) to improve political and economic management B) to cope with the energy imbalance issue C) to combat diet-related chronic diseases D) to increase investment in global health 33. As we can learn from the passage, the second irony refers to ________. A) affluence and obesity B) food energy and nutritional value C) food business and economic prosperity D) diseases of civilization and pathology of inactivity 34. As a result of the third irony, people ________. A) consume 3800 kilocalories on a daily basis B) complain about food overproduction C) have to raise their food expenses D) are driven towards weight gain 35. Which of the following can be excluded as we can understand based on the passage? A) The economic dimension. B) The political dimension. C) The humane dimension. D) The dietary dimension. Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across

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