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POSITION PAPER 5G APPLICATIONS

Table of Contents Executive Summary 01 The widespread adoption of 5G requires high-performance, low-cost technology; it needs engagement and investment across the whole industry 02 International standards drive cost efficiencies and adoption 1 3 6 03 Global spectrum harmonization, national exclusive licensing, and contiguous spectrum 10 04 5G applications represent tremendous opportunities for the economy and society 05 Healthy, productive, and supportive 5G ecosystem for sustainable innovation 06 Glossary 13 25 28

1.1 5G is not just faster, but a new paradigm 1.2 Investment by all stakeholders – not just operators – will drive growth and economies of scale that beneﬁt the whole 5G ecosystem 2.1 Standards beneﬁt consumers and companies as they lower investment and deployment costs, facilitate connectivity and foster interoperability 2.2 Cooperation among standards organizations and all stakeholders has been expanded for 5G 3.1 Multiple spectrum bands are required to address the wide range of 5G use cases and applications 3.2 Regulatory frameworks need to be supportive of 5G deployment and applications 4.1 5G is more than just business: It will have an induced impact on key socio-economic issues 4.2 The industries that will leverage 5G to renew their business models and create more value 4.3 New business models emerging in pilot programs, combining multiple stakeholders to deliver innovative services 5.1 Governments and regulators define 5G plans and initiatives, with greater transparency in regulatory policies 5.2 Regulation of other industries must evolve, which will require cooperation between institutions 5.3 Stakeholders should coordinate to build the capabilities required for potential applications, target business models, and the 5G ecosystem

Executive Summary 5G-powered economy and society National and regional plans Vertical industries' initiatives Regulation on infrastructure Regulation on spectrum Regulation by vertical industries Telecoms Media & Entertainment Manufacturing Transportation Public Services 3GPP standards Research & Development Vision Enabling environment Applications Use cases Pilots Business models Technology 5G is a new paradigm Delivering Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) and Massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC), 5G applications represent tremendous opportunities for consumers, homes, businesses and communities. • 5G is expected to generate USD 12 trillion in revenues in 2035. • 80% of telecom revenues (broadband, hardware, and services) will be linked to 5G in 2035. Furthermore, 5G will help reduce inequality by increasing access and lowering the cost of essential services, such as healthcare and education. By expanding the scope of wireless technologies and making devices more autonomous, 5G will help to reduce our carbon footprint and conserve natural resources. Last, economic growth will boost direct and indirect employment in all economies. Telecom operators, equipment vendors, and industry stakeholders are transforming their respective industries using 5G applications, supported by national strategies New 5G applications are emerging, supported by national strategies: • Telecom 5G for home (e.g. Fixed Wireless Access) and mobile • Media AR/VR gaming, and advertising, multi- broadcasting • Manufacturing Smart factories & connectivity over the full product lifecycle • Transportation autonomous driving, in-car infotainment • Public services healthcare (e.g. telemedicine), education 1

International standards drive cost efficiencies and speed 5G adoption The first standards have been released, supporting the deployment of non-standalone and standalone 5G and the ﬁrst applications. Next steps are focused on enhancing the 5G ecosystem and expanding the potential for applications in the coming years, notably with Release 16 (2020) and Release 17 (2021). • 3GPP is leading the standardization of 5G. As 5G involves operators, equipment vendors, and industry stakeholders, broad-based cooperation is needed to create consensus. Spectrum allocation is a critical regulatory and technical issue 5G requires multiple layers of spectrum to address a wide range of use cases. • A global harmonization of frequency bands would reduce complexity and costs for vendors, operators, their industry partners, and end-users. • National licenses should remain the main and preferred authorization model. • Network synchronization should be considered to mitigate harmful interference. 5G requires a stable and transparent ecosystem to perform As well as the quality and cost efficiency of the technology itself, the long-term success of 5G will also depend on a supportive business environment. • Sustained infrastructure investment should be accompanied by precise and reliable national roadmaps that offer sufficient transparency for all stakeholders. • Cooperation between stakeholders with common interests should be led by industry associations, such as 5GAA, 5G-ACIA, 5G AIA. • A supportive regulatory environment should be provided for telecommunications and other industries, accompanied by government initiatives to stimulate new business. 5G uptake will depend on the engagement and investment of operators, vendors, and industry stakeholders Operators are expected to be the natural investors for 5G. Strong engagement by equipment vendors and industry stakeholders will help drive economies of scale, beneﬁting the whole 5G ecosystem. • 5G adoption will be progressive, as performance and economies of scale materialize. • New businesses will take advantage of previous investments as appropriate: The first national licenses have been granted to MNOs, who will provide network access and solutions to vertical sectors using network slicing technologies. 2

01 The adoption of 5G will be progressive, as performance improves and economies of scale continue to materialize. Achieving significant economies of scale is a common goal pursued by operators, equipment vendors, and other industry stakeholders. Operators will contribute signiﬁcantly to economies of scale by building out 5G networks with national coverage. In parallel, the whole ecosystem will invest in 5G applications for various sectors of the economy, leveraging operators' networks when appropriate. 3 THE WIDESPREAD ADOPTION OF 5G REQUIRES HIGH-PERFORMANCE, LOW-COST TECHNOLOGY;IT NEEDS ENGAGEMENT AND INVESTMENT ACROSS THE WHOLE INDUSTRYTHE WIDESPREAD ADOPTION OF 5G REQUIRES HIGH-PERFORMANCE, LOW-COST TECHNOLOGY;IT NEEDS ENGAGEMENT AND INVESTMENT ACROSS THE WHOLE INDUSTRY

1.1 5G is not just faster, but a new paradigm Enhanced Mobile Broadband Gigabit speeds Smart buildings Voice Smart home/city Massive Machine Type Communications 3D video, UHD screens Work and play in the cloud Augmented reality Industry automation Mission critical Self-driving cars Ultra-reliable and Low-latency Communication Figure 1: Three pillars of 5G and examples of related use cases Source: ITU Built on 3 main pillars, 5G will create tremendous opportunities: • Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) will provide mobile network customers and industrial users with enhanced capacities, beneﬁting B2C, entertainment and media, and other service sectors. • Ultra-reliable and Low-latency Communication (URLLC) will support new use cases in mission critical applications (e.g. autonomous driving, remote surgical operation, industry automation). • Massive Machine-type Communications (mMTC) will enable industry players to connect massive numbers of devices with speciﬁc connectivity requirements, in sectors such as manufacturing, utilities, and logistics. Much more than any previous generation of technology, the 5G paradigm brings together mobile network operators, equipment vendors, and other industry stakeholders, due to the broad range of technical and business opportunities opened up by 5G. • Network operators have a central role in 5G deployment as they will run the 5G networks. They will commit in the greatest part of the necessary CAPEX and OPEX. • Equipment vendors develop 5G technologies, define and introduce 5G products (RAN, core network, services, handsets). • Industry stakeholders are brought into the paradigm by the new opportunities with 5G. Many sectors are involved because 5G will enable massive innovation both on the product side (e.g. connected vehicles) and on the productivity side (e.g. industrial IoT). 4

01 Network operators 03 New paradigm 01 02 02 03 Source: Roland Berger 1.2 Investment by all stakeholders – not just operators – will drive growth and economies of scale that beneﬁt the whole 5G ecosystem Mobile network operators are the natural investors in 5G. Projected investments will reach USD 1 trillion between 2018 and 20251: • From an internal development standpoint, operator business models will be stressed by the exponential growth in demand for data (x6 between 2017 and 20242 ), which will increase the costs of network management and the level of risk. • Operators also have external incentives, such as users demand for better services and new applications, changes in the global competitive landscape, and their home nation's infrastructure needs. Growing demand for 5G will trigger investment from other industry stakeholders as well. These massive investments will result in important scale effects. The cost of production and maintenance for 5G networks will fall, and the value of the networks will increase in the eyes of network users. These outcomes are supported by theories of network externalities (e.g. Katz and Shapiro3) or Metcalfe's law: • When more 5G products comply with the same technical standards, customers will beneﬁt more from affordable devices and high-quality services. • As more vertical industries adopt 5G technologies, end users will receive more value from these industries, as broad adoption of technologies increases the potential for interoperability and cooperation and drives the creation of new services. Investment and engagement by all stakeholders will lower the costs of 5G deployment and help to fulﬁll the potential of this new technology. The result will be better economies of scale and enhanced value creation throughout the whole 5G value chain, both of which will be key levers for 5G adoption. 1 Investing in 5G, GSMA Intelligence, June 2019 2 BuddComm, Roland Berger analysis 3 "Network Externalities, Competition, and Compatibility," Michael L. Katz and Carl Shapiro, The American Economic Review, Vol. 75, No. 3. (Jun. 1985), pp. 424-440. 5 Industry stakeholdersVendors

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