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mmWave MIMO Channel Sounding for 5G — Technical Challenges and Prototype System June 4, 2022 Zhu Wen Hongwei Kong Keysight Labs
Abstract: mmWave MIMO Channel Sounding for 5G – Since 5G expects using mmWave frequency band, the mmWave channel sounding system, which are used to characterize the various mmWave wireless channel models, these days, become a very hot topic for 5G. Page 2 – In this presentation, we mainly focus on how to setup mmWave MIMO channel sounding system with commercial instruments to fulfill the 6 major technical challenges foresee in 5G as well as focusing on the main channel measurement requirements: The use of mmWave frequency band The use of ultra-broad bandwidth The use of massive MIMO. § § § – Then we provide our considerations on how to best address these technical challenges based on the last generation of mmWave/microwave instrumentation, measurement techniques and capabilities. – At last, we propose a reference prototype system design for 5G mmWave MIMO channel sounding system, the functionalities and where performance of the prototype system are discussed.
Channel Sounding: Concept RF channel the heart of any wireless system Channel sounding techniques to understand the characteristics of RF channel Tx RF Channel ℎ =ℎ ⊗            = ∗  − =ℎ − ⊗ ≈ ℎ − ⊗ =ℎ RF: Radio Frequency Rx Page 3
Channel Sounding for 5G (I) System Requirements 5G Channel Sounding mmWave Frequency Band Ultra-broad Bandwidth Massive MIMO Page 4
Channel Sounding for 5G (II) Technical Challenges Synchronizat ion and Calibration Channel Parameter Estimation Processing Sounding Approach & Architecture 5G Channel Sounding Efficient Data Storage & Streaming mmWave Frequency Band Ultra-broad Bandwidth Signal Generation & Acquisition Page 5
Consideration on 5G Channel Sounding (1) Sounding Approach & Sounding Technique Architecture Sliding Correlator Keysight preferred sounding architecture Frequency Swept Wideband Wideband Correlation Correlation • Low meas. speed • Amplitude information only • Fast meas. speed • Amp./phase information • Low meas. speed • Amplitude information only Switching @ Tx&Rx MIMO Sounding Approach Advantages • Fast meas speed Switching @ Tx, Switching @ Tx, • MIMO sounding capability parallel receiving parallel receiving • High meas. performance • Arbitrary sounding waveform support • Slowest • No cross- interference • Fast • No cross- interference Parallel transmitting & receiving • Fastest • Suffering cross- interference Page 6
Consideration on 5G Channel Sounding (2) broadband mmWave Antenna mmWave & Ultra- mmWave Antenna Channel mmWave Signal mmWave Switch mmWave VSG2 Wideband I/Q Signal Wideband AWG1 mmWave Sounding Signal mmWave Multi- channel DC3 IF Signal Wideband Multi- channel Digitizer Wideband Signal Generator Wideband Multi-channel Receiver 1AWG: Arbitrary Waveform Generator 2VSG: Vector Signal Generator 3DC: Down-Converter Page 7
Consideration on 5G Channel Sounding (3) Data Streaming & Storage Transmitting period Raw Sounding Data 32GB/s 2 Sounding signal Transmitting signal length Effective Raw Data Max. delay spread Effective Raw Data 8GB/s 2 CIR1 Effective CIR Data 1 CIR: Channel Impulse Response 2 1GSa/s sampling rate, =100, =20, =5 1.6GB/s 2 Page 8
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