2001 年上海华东师范大学生态学考研真题 一、名词解释（40% 每题 4 分） 耐受性法则 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 内稳态机制 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 光补偿点 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 标志重捕法 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 生态入侵 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 哈-温定律（Hardy-Weinberg law） 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 群落交错区 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 间接梯度分析 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 营养级 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 生态效率 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 二、问答题 （以下五题中任选四题，60%每题 15 分） 1、动、植物是如何适应干早沙漠环境的? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 

_________________________________________________ 2、试比较生物 r-对策、k-对策的异同。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 3、试述生物群落演替的顶极理论，及与地带性植被的关系。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 4、试述生物物种多样性的分布规律及其原因。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 5、简述生物资源保护中有关的生态学原理。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________