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2008年湖南省永州市中考数学真题及答案.doc

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2008 年湖南省永州市中考数学真题及答案 考生注意: 1、本试卷共三道大题,25 个小题,满分 120 分,时量 120 分钟. 2、本试卷分Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷,Ⅰ卷为选择填空题 1-2 页;Ⅱ卷为解答题 3-8 页. 3、考生务必将Ⅰ卷的答案写在Ⅱ卷卷首的答案栏内,交卷时只交Ⅱ卷. 一、填空题(每小题 3 分,共 8 个小题,24 分.请将答案填在Ⅱ卷卷首的答案栏内.) 1. 若商品的价格上涨 5%,记为+5%,则价格下跌 3%,记作 2. 四川汶川地震发生以来,截至 6 月 4 日 12 时止,已接受国内外社会各界捐款 436.81 亿元,用科学记 . 数法(保留三个有效数字)记为 元. 3. 如图,直线 a、b被直线 c所截,若要 a∥b,需增加条件 (填一个即可). 4. 家家乐奥运福娃专卖店今年 3 月份售出福娃 3600 个,5 月份售 设 每 月 平 均 增 长 率 为 x, 根 据 题 意 , 列 出 关 于 x 的 方 程 . 5. 一棵树因雪灾于 A 处折断,如图所示,测得树梢触地点 B 到树 为 4 米,∠ABC 约 45°,树干 AC 垂直于地面,那么此树在未折 约为 米(答案可保留根号). 6. 一个角的补角是这个角的余角的 3 倍,则这个角为度 . 7. 右图是永州市几个主要景点示意图,根据图中信息可确定九疑 C 点的坐标为 . 8. 已知一组数据 1,2,0,-1,x,1 的平均数是 1,则这组数据 的极差为 . 二、选择题(每小题 3 分,共 8 个小题,24 分.每小题只有一个正确 选项的代号填入Ⅱ卷卷首的答案栏内.) 9. 如图,a、b、c分别表示苹果、梨、桃子的质量.同类水果质量 系正确的是( ) 出 4900 个 , 为 根 C 处的距离 断之前的高度 山的中心位置 选项,请将正确 相等,则下列关 A.a>c>b B.b>a>c C.a>b>c D.c>a>b 10.为悼念四川汶川地震中遇难同胞,在全国哀悼日第一天,某校升旗仪式中,先把国旗匀速升至旗杆顶 部,停顿 3 秒钟后再把国旗匀速下落至旗杆中部.能正确反映这一过程中,国旗高度 h(米)与升旗时 间 t(秒)的函数关系的大致图象是 11.下列判断正确的是( ) A. 3 < 3 <2 2 C. 1< 5 - 3 <2 B. 2< 2 + 3 <3 D. 4< 3 · 5 <5 12.下图※是一种瑶族长鼓的轮廓图,其主视图正确的是( )
13.6 张大小、厚度、颜色相同的卡片上分别画上线段、等边三角形、直角梯形、正方形、正五边形、圆. 在 看不见图形的条件下任意摸出 1 张,这张卡片上的图形是中心对称图形的概率是( ) A. 1 6 B. 1 3 C. 1 2 D. 2 3 ) 14.下列命题是假命题...的是( A.两点之间,线段最短. B.过不在同一直线上的三点有且只有一个圆. C.一组对应边相等的两个等边三角形全等. D.对角线相等的四边形是矩形. 15.一个圆锥的侧面展开图形是半径为 8cm,圆心角为 120°的扇形,则此圆锥的底面半径为 ( ) B. 16 cm 3 C.3cm D. 4 cm 3 的式子叫做二阶行列式,它的运算法则用公式表示为 c d a b c d =ad-bc,依此法则计算 a b A. 8 cm 3 16.形如 2 3  1 4 的结果为( ) A.11 B.-11 C.5 D.-2 永州市 2008 年初中毕业学业考试试卷 学 数 第 II 卷 题号 一 二 17 18 19 20 三 21 22 23 24 25 总分 合分 人 核分 人 得分 请将Ⅰ卷的答案填入下面答案栏内. 一、填空题 1. 5. 2. 6. 3. 7. 4. 8.
二、选择题 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 三、解答题:(本题 9 个小题,共 72 分,解答题要求写出证明步骤或解答过程) 17.(6 分)计算:cos45°·(- 1 )-2 -(2 2 - 3 )0+|- 32 |+ 2 1 12  得 分 评卷人 复评人 18.(6 分)解方程: x 2 x x +2= 2 x x 1 19.(6 分)如图所示,左边方格纸中每个正方形的边长均为 a,右边方格纸中每个正方形的边长均为 b,将 左边方格纸中的图形顺时针旋转 90°,并按 b:a的比例画在右边方格纸中. 20.(8 分)如图,一次函数的图象经过 M 点,与 x y轴交于 B 点,根据图中信息求:(1)这个函数 tan∠BAO. 轴交于 A 点,与 的解析式;(2)
21.(8 分)某物流公司,要将 300 吨物资运往某地,现有 A、B 两种型号的车可供调用,已知 A 型车每辆可 装 20 吨,B 型车每辆可装 15 吨,在每辆车不超载的条件下,把 300 吨物资装运完,问:在已确定调用 5 辆 A 型车的前提下至少还需调用 B 型车多少辆? 22.(8 分)如图△ABC 与△CDE 都是等边三角形,点 E、F BC 上,且 EF∥AB (1)求证:四边形 EFCD 是菱形; (2)设 CD=4,求 D、F 两点间的距离. 分 别 在 AC 、 23.(10 分)为保护环境,节约资源,从今年 6 月 1 日起国家禁止超市、商场、药店为顾客提供免费塑料袋, 为解决顾客购物包装问题,心连心超市提供了 A.自带购物袋;B.租借购物篮;C.购买环保袋;D.徒 手携带,四种方式供顾客选择.该超市把 6 月 1 日、2 日两天的统计结果绘成如下的条形统计图和 6 月 1 日的扇形统计图,请你根据图形解答下列问题: (1)请将 6 月 1 日的扇形统计图补充完整. (2)根据统计图求 6 月 1 日在该超市购物总人次和 6 月 1 日自带购物袋的人次. (3)比较两日的条形图,你有什么发现?请用一句话表述你的发现.
24.(10 分)如图,已知⊙O 的直径 AB=2,直线 m 与⊙O 相切 上一动点(与点 A、点 B 不重合),PO 的延长线与⊙O 相交 的切线与直线 m相交于点 D. (1)求证:△APC∽△COD. (2)设 AP=x,OD=y,试用含 x的代数式表示 y. (3)试探索 x为何值时,△ACD 是一个等边三角形. 于点 A,P 为⊙O 于点 C,过点 C 25.(10 分)如图,二次函数 y=ax2+bx+c(a>0)与坐 标轴交于 点 A、B、C 且 OA=1,OB=OC=3 . (1)求此二次函数的解析式. (2)写出顶点坐标和对称轴方程. (3)点 M、N 在 y=ax2+bx+c的图像上(点 N 在点 M 的 MN∥x轴,求以 MN 为直径且与 x轴相切的圆的半径. 右边),且 永州市 2008 年初中毕业学业考试试卷 数学参考答案及评分标准 一、填空题(每小题 3 分,共 24 分) 1. 3% 2. 10 4.37 10 3. 1    或 1    或 1 4 3     2 180  4. 3600(1 ) x 2  4900 5. 4 4 2  6.45° 7.(3,1) 8.4 二、选择题(每小题 3 分,共 24 分) 题号 答案 9 C 三、解答题 10 B 11 A 12 D 13 C 14 D 15 A 16 A 17.(6 分)解:原式  2 2 4 1    32  1 2 1  ················································· 2 分  2 2 1 4 2    2 1  ····················································· 4 分 18.(6 分)解:  7 2 1  1 x   2 ···············································································6 分 2 x 1 x  ········································································1 分
方程两边同乘以 ( x  1)( x 1)  ,得 x 1 2(   x  1)( x 1)   2 ( x x 1)  ········································································ 3 分 x  ······························································································· 4 分 x  代入 ( x  1)( x 1)  得 1  0 ·························································································· 5 分 x  是原方程的根.··················································································· 6 分 1 3 1 3    解之,得 检验:把    1 3  1 1 3     1 3 19.(6 分) 20.(8 分) (1)设一次函数的解析式为 y  kx b  ( 0 k  ) 将点 (0 6) ,, B M  ( 1 4) , 代入,得 k k 0 6 b     ,   ( 1) 4 b     解之,得 2 k b ,  解析式为 2 y x 6 6 ······························································································ 2 分  ····················································································· 4 分 (2)令 0 y  ,代入 2 x y  ,得 6 x   3 可知点 A 的坐标 ( 3 0)  , ·····················································································6 分  ···························································································· 8 分 2 tan BAO   21.(8 分) 解:设还需要 B 型车 x 辆,根据题意,得: 20 5 15 300 x 113 3   ≥ ··························································································3 分 解得: x ≥ ······························································································ 5 分 由于 x 是车的数量,应为整数,所以 x 的最小值为 14.·········································· 7 分 答:至少需要 14 台 B 型车.·············································································· 8 分
22.(8 分) (1)证明: ED CD   △ ABC 与 CDE△ 都是等边三角形 A      DCE BCA AB CD DE CF   DCE  60  ·····························································1 分 AB∥  ∥ , ∥ ··················································································2 分 又 EF  EF CD∥ ·································································································· 3 分 四边形 EFCD 是菱形···················································································· 4 分 (2)解:连结 DF ,与CE 相交于点G ·······························································5 分 CG  ················································································· 6 分 由 CD  ,可知 4 2  DG  2 4  2 2  2 3 ················································································· 7 分 DF  4 3 ··································································································8 分 22%”·········································3 分 23.(10 分)(1)在扇形统计图的空白处填上“D (2)6 月 1 日在该超市购物的总人次为 1250(人次)············································ 6 分 6 月 1 日自带购物袋的有 225 人次······································································· 8 分 (3)答案不唯一,如“自带购物袋的人增多” “租借购物篮的人减少”等·············································································· 10 分 24.(10 分)(1)∵ PC 是⊙O的直径,CD是⊙O的切线 ∠PAC=∠OCD=90°,显然△DOA≌△DOC····························································· 1 分 ∴∠DOA=∠DOC·······························································································2 分 ∴∠APC=∠COD·······························································································3 分 △ ························································································ 4 分 (2)由 APC COD ··························································6 分 COD APC ∽△ ∽△ ,得 △ AP OC PC OD    ,   ························································································· 7 分 y x 2 1 y      30 60   , OD ADC ODC ······················· 8 分 (3)若 ACD△ 2 OC 于是 故,当 1x  时, ACD△ 25.(1)依题意 ( 1 0) 解方程组得所求解析式为 3 ( x   y  , 是一个等边三角形························································10 分 (3 0) (0 C B  ····················· 1 分 2 2 3 y x x  ····························································· 4 分   2 2 2 4 1)  ····································································· 5 分   (2) 4), ,对称轴 1x  ·······································································7 分 顶点坐标 (1 (3)设圆半径为 r ,当 MN 在 x 轴下方时, N 点坐标为 (1  , ·························· 8 分 ,, ,, , 分别代入 ax bx 3) A r ) y  y  x 2    x c r 把 N 点代入 y  x 2 2  x  得 3 r  17 1   2 ·························································9 分 同理可得另一种情形 圆的半径为 1   2 r  17 1   2  1 或 17 17 2 2 x 是一个等边三角形,则 1x  ,可得 2
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