Developing WMI Solutions A Guidue to Windows Management Instrume....pdf

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Preface

Who Is This Book for and What Is WMI?

How to Approach This Book and What You Will Learn

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Existing Management Frameworks

Chapter 3: Windows Management Instrumentation

Chapter 4: A Guided Tour of the Common Information Model Repository

Chapter 5: Developing Class Schemas

Chapter 6: Method Design and Schema Class Positioning

Chapter 7: Developing Management Applications

Chapter 8: Developing .NET Management Applications

Chapter 9: Developing MMC Snap-ins

Chapter 10: Developing WMI Scripts for Administrators

Chapter 11: WMI Scripting and WMIC

Chapter 12: Developing WMI Providers

Chapter 13: High-Performance Instrumentation

Where Can I Find the Sample Source Code and Scripts?

Glossary

Acknowledgments

Craig Tunstall

Gwyn Cole

Chapter 1. Introduction

Structure of the Book

Pedagogical Elements

Target Audience

Prerequisites

Terminology

Software Requirements

Operating System Requirements

Table 1.1. WMI-Supported Operating Systems Required

Hardware Requirements

Introducing WBEM

WBEM's Basic Objectives

Core Objectives

The Central Information Store

The Common Information Model

Object Orientation and CIM

Building an Information Model

Structure of the Centralized Repository

Figure 1.1. Inheritance and the difference between class and instance data

The Three-Tiered Model

Figure 1.2. The Common Information Model has three tiers

Acronyms and Terminology

Standards Bodies

Motivation

De Facto and de Jure Standards

The Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF)

Figure 1.3. The DMTF working groups

Figure 1.4. Key stages in the evolution of the WBEM

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

Web-Based Enterprise Management (WBEM)

Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)

Common Information Model (CIM)

Common Information Model (CIM) Repository

Managed Object Format (MOF)

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

Common Management Information Services (CMIS)

Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP)

Desktop Management Interface (DMI)

eXtensible Markup Language (XML)

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Extended Schemas

WMI Scripting

Summary

Ten Fast Facts: Web-Based Enterprise Management

Chapter 2. Existing Management Frameworks

The Need for a Universal Management Model

Figure 2.1. A typical network management scenario

The Simple Network Management Protocol

A Simple Solution to a Complex Problem

The SNMP Network Management Station

Figure 2.2. An SNMP-managed network

Relevant SNMP Standards

Figure 2.3. The components and relationships between elements of SNMP

Figure 2.4. An SNMP network management station (NMS) and SNMP agent interacting

Structure of an SNMP Message

Figure 2.5. The basic structure of an SNMP message over TCP/IP

Communities

Figure 2.6. Security verification in SNMP 1 and SNMP 2c using communities

Event Notification: SNMP Traps and Informs

The Management Information Base

Figure 2.7. A partial MIB tree hierarchy

SNMP Security

Modus Operandi

Table 2.1. SNMP Operations

Figure 2.8. The GetRequest operation

Figure 2.9. The SetRequest operation

Figure 2.10. The SNMP trap

Figure 2.11. A simplified version of the functional block diagram (excluding features unique to DMI 2.0s)

Advantages of the SNMP Protocol

Disadvantages of the SNMP Protocol

The Desktop Management Interface

The DMI Information Model: The Management Store

Figure 2.12. Attribute presentation within the DMI Data Model

Figure 2.13 An excerpt from a MIF file to describe the attribute Group:Disk

Policy

Notification of Events

DMI Security

MIF Database Security

Management Interface Security

Component Interface Security

Security Indications

Advantages of the DMI

Disadvantages of the DMI

Summary

Common Elements for Management Frameworks

Figure 2.14. A two-tiered approach to data instrumentation

Figure 2.15. A three-tiered approach to data instrumentation

The Need for a Unified Management Framework

Ten Fast Facts: SNMP and DMI

Chapter 3. Windows Management Instrumentation

The Standard WBEM Components

Installing WMI

Installation Files

Core (WMICORE.EXE) (approximately 6.5 Mb)

WMI SDK (WMISDK.EXE) (approximately 12Mb)

Configuring Windows 98 for WMI

Table 3.1. AutoStartWin9x Registry Value Options

Optional Setting

Core Components of WMI

winMgmt.exe: The Windows Management Service

Figure 3.1. The command-line options for the Winmgmt executable

mofcomp.exe: The Microsoft MOF Compiler

Table 3.2. mofcomp Command-Line Options

Figure 3.2. The WMI Control snap-in for Windows 2000/WinXP/.NET

The WMI Control

Windows Management Instrumentation Tester

Figure 3.3. The Windows Management Instrumentation Tester

Automatic MOF Registration

WMI Log Files

WMI CIM Repository

Windows Management Instrumentation

The Basic Framework of WMI

Figure 3.4. An overview of the WMI architecture

WMI Management Applications

Direct Access

Indirect Access

Providers

Table 3.3. Windows Operating System WMI Providers

Types of Providers

Event Providers

Figure 3.5. The simplified event consumer/event provider model

Data Providers

Table 3.4. Types of WMI Providers

Table 3.5. WMI Provider Classifications

Event Handling

Intrinsic Events

Extrinsic Events

Timer Events

Event Consumer

Temporary Consumers

Permanent Consumers

WMI Security

Authentication

WMI Permission Assignment Using WMI Control

Figure 3.6. The WMI Control Security tab displaying the available namespaces

Figure 3.7. Setting the security options for group or user names

Table 3.6. WMI Namespace Permission Types

WMI Security on Windows 9x

The WMI Query Language

Figure 3.8. The Windows Management Instrumentation Tester main dialog

Figure 3.9. The Connect dialog

Figure 3.10. The Query dialog

Data Queries

Table 3.7. ASSOCIATORS OF Statement Keywords

Table 3.8. REFERENCES OF Statement Keywords

Event Queries

Schema Queries

Summary

Ten Fast Facts: Windows Management Instrumentation

Chapter 4. A Guided Tour of the Common Information Model Repository

Metadata

Table 4.1. Metadata Examples

Dynamic and Static Data

Dynamic Data and the CIM Repository

Figure 4.1. Example topology without any mechanism to supply dynamic data

Figure 4.2. Example topology in which product supplies WMI with dynamic data

The Common Information Model

Figure 4.3. The three layers of CIM

The Core Model

The Common Model

Systems Model

Networks Model

Devices Model

Physical Model

Applications Model

Event Model

Policy Model

Support Model

User Model

Metrics Model

Interop Model

The Extended Schemas

Namespaces

Using the CIMV2 Namespace

Table 4.2. Likely Management Object Locations

WMI Namespaces and the CIM repository

Figure 4.4. Example of namespaces found in a Windows XP installation

Table 4.3. Windows XP Namespaces

Defining and Using Your Own Namespace

Figure 4.5. Namespaces and the CIM repository

Namespaces and Schemas

Using Existing Schemas

Subclassing and Instantiating Existing Classes in the CIMV2 Namespace

Modifying Existing Classes

Managed Object Format

MOF Class Declaration

Figure 4.6 A MOF class declaration

Qualifiers

Figure 4.7 Example qualifiers

Flavors

Figure 4.8 Example flavors

Custom Qualifiers

User-Defined Qualifiers

Intrinsic Data Types

Table 4.4. Intrinsic Data Types

Instance Creation

Figure 4.9 Creating an instance of MOF

Aliasing

Figure 4.10 Using an alias in MOF

A Compileable MOF File

Figure 4.11 A compilable MOF (part 1 of 2)

Figure 4.12. The CIM repository with the new namespace, Example1

Figure 4.13 A compileable MOF (part 2 of 3)

Figure 4.14 A compileable MOF (Part 3 of 3)

ActiveX Components

Let the Tour Begin!

Figure 4.15. Browsing and attaching to a namespace

Figure 4.16. The WMI CIM Studio

Figure 4.17. Class explorer functions

Figure 4.18. Class viewer functions

The Class Explorer Explained

Figure 4.19. CIM Studio icon definitions

Associations

Figure 4.20 An example association

Key Propagation

Figure 4.21 Example of key propagation

Figure 4.22 Instance of an association

Namespaces and Associations

Figure 4.23. The cross namespace associations rule

Figure 4.24. CIM Studio property types

System Properties

Table 4.5. WMI System Properties

Object and Property Qualifiers

Figure 4.25. The Object qualifiers window for class MySchema_CDROM

Table 4.6. Object Qualifiers

Table 4.7. Property Qualifiers

Figure 4.26. The Property qualifiers dialog window

CIM Studio Functions

Help for a Class

Figure 4.27 MOF for storage class

Figure 4.28. The Help dialog for class MySchema_Storage

Browse for a Namespace

Search for a Class

Figure 4.29. The Search for Class dialog

Figure 4.30. Search facility automatically goes to the class you select from the search results

Figure 4.31. The Associations view

Instance Enumeration

Change the View (System Properties and Inherited Properties)

Figure 4.32. The Select Properties dialog

WQL Queries Tool

Figure 4.33. The Query dialog box allows you to create, save, and execute WQL queries

Add a Class

Figure 4.34. The Add Class dialog

Create an Association

Delete a Class or Association

Delete a Property

Add an Instance

Delete an Instance

Places of Interest within the CIM repository

The Provider Classes

Table 4.8. Provider System Classes

The Namespace Classes

Figure 4.35. Enumerating the __NAMESPACE class

Create a Namespace

Delete a Namespace

Tutorial: Creating a Namespace and Adding Classes, Properties, and an Association

Figure 4.36. Adding a key property

The Wizards

Figure 4.37. The wizards available in the WMI CIM Studio

The MOF Generator

The MOF Compiler

The Provider Code Generator

Summary

Ten Fast Facts: CIM Repository

Chapter 5. Developing Class Schemas

Schema Design and System Manageability

Figure 5.1. WMI product instrumentation life cycle overview

Case Study: Client/Server E-mail Package

Figure 5.2. Client Server e-mail topology

Basic Functionality

System Requirements for Post Office E-mail

The Unified Modeling Language

More on Security

Classes that Require Specific Security Privileges

Localized Namespaces

Figure 7.8. Example WMI namespace structure

Overview of High Performance Classes

Writing Applications to Access High-Performance Data

Access High-Performance Enumerated Data

Summary

Ten Fast Facts: Developing C++/COM Management Applications:

Chapter 8. Developing .NET Management Applications

Getting Started

Figure 8.1. Major .NET Framework management classes

Getting a Management Object

Enumerating Management Objects

Creating a Management Object

First Point

Second Point

Third Point

Example

Updating Management Objects

Deleting a Management Object

Performing Queries

Making Method Calls

Manipulating Management Object Properties

Table 8.1. CIM Data Type to C# Mappings

Table 8.2. DATETIME Field Descriptions for Absolute Date/Time

Table 8.3. DATETIME Field Descriptions for Interval Times

Manipulating Array Object Properties

Accessing Objects from Object Properties

Making Asynchronous Calls

Overview of Events

Writing Applications to Receive Asynchronous Events

Writing Applications to Receive Semisynchronous Events

Managing Connections to WMI

Summary

Ten Fast Facts: Developing .NET Management Applications

Chapter 9. Developing MMC Snap-ins

Figure 9.1. The Microsoft Management Console

Snap-in Architecture

Figure 9.2. MMC item unique identifiers

Figure 9.3. MMC's installed snap-ins list

Getting Started

Figure 9.4. MMC interfaces and snap-in components

Table 9.1. MMC Console Interfaces

Table 9.2. MMC Snap-in Interfaces

Figure 9.5. MMC snap-in objects

Snap-in Implementation Basics

Figure 9.6. MMC snap-in ATL objects

Table 9.3. MMC ATL Snap-in Component C++ Templates

Table 9.4. MMC ATL Snap-in Framework C++ Templates

Let's Make a Snap-in

Figure 9.7. Windows 2000 Services snap-in

Figure 9.8. Service item's menu

Figure 9.9. Service item's toolbar

Implementing IComponentData

Implementing IComponent

The Root Item and General Item Basics

Figure 9.10. Snap-in with root item

Adding Your Own Namespace Items

Figure 9.11. Snap-in with Service item

Adding Your Own Columns

Figure 9.12. Snap-in with columns

Adding Your Own Result Items

Figure 9.13. Snap-in with result pane items

Setting Up and Handling Verbs

Table 9.5. Common Snap-in Verbs

Figure 9.14. Snap-in with refresh verb enabled

Adding Your Own Menus

Figure 9.15. Snap-in menu structure

Figure 9.16. Snap-in menu resource structure

Figure 9.17. Snap-in item with custom menu

Adding Your Own Toolbars

Figure 9.18. Snap-in toolbar resource

Figure 9.19. Snap-in item with toolbar

Adding Your Own Property Pages

Figure 9.20. Snap-in item with properties verb enabled

Figure 9.21. Snap-in item's property sheet

Refocusing an Item's Property Sheet

Adding Your Own Help

Primary (Standalone) Snap-in Registration

More on How ATL Delegates Tasks to an Item

Renaming Items

Figure 9.22. Renaming snap-in item

Drag and Drop

Figure 9.23. Dragging snap-in items from result pane to scope pane item

Accessing Web Sites

Figure 9.24. Snap-in item displaying a Web page

Displaying Custom Views

Figure 9.25. Snap-in item hosting an ActiveX control

Developing Extension Snap-ins

Figure 9.26. Snap-in extension mechanism

Figure 9.27. Snap-in extension item binding

Figure 9.28. Extension snap-in adding a menu item

Figure 9.29. Extension snap-in example action

Exchanging Information between Primary and Extension Snap-ins

Figure 9.30. Extension snap-in adding a menu item with context information

Extension Snap-in Registration

Making MMC Snap-ins Theme Aware

Figure 9.31. MMC snap-in: Not theme aware

Figure 9.32. MMC snap-in: Theme aware

Summary

Ten Fast Facts: Developing MMC Snap-ins

Chapter 10. Developing WMI Scripts for Administrators

Scripting, WMIC, and the CIM Studio

Administration and the WMI CIM Studio

Administration and the WMIC

Administration and Scripting

Guiding Principles

Prerequisites

Chapter Structure

VBScript Boot Camp

JavaScript vs. VBScript

Setting Up Your System for Scripting

Scripting and Administration

Table 10.1. Matching Common Administrative Tasks to WMI Equivalent

What Is the Windows Scripting Host?

Scripts

Scripting vs. Compiled Languages

BEST PRACTICE! Script Signing

The Windows Scripting Host

Your First Script

Figure 10.1. First script

Figure 10.2. Results of running example1.vbs

Figure 10.4. The result of calling the InputBox function

Figure 10.3 GUI output using script

Indentation

BEST PRACTICE! Code Indentation

Annotation

BEST PRACTICE! Code Annotation

Variants, Variables, and Constants

Use Meaningful Variable Names

BEST PRACTICE! Variable Naming

VBScript Functions

The WSH Object Model

Program Statements and Keywords

Table 10.2. VBScript Keywords

The Option Explicit Statement

BEST PRACTICE! Variable Declaration

Connecting to a Local or Remote Namespace

Figure 10.5 Scripts That interact with the GUI Note: Because we haven't discussed error checking yet we shall assume that the GetObject call always returns successfully (that is, attaches to a namespace).

Figure 10.6. The WMI Control Advanced tab can be used to set the default namespace on a machine

Table 10.3. Security Flags for ConnectServer

BEST PRACTICE! Using a password and username to attach to a namespace

BEST PRACTICE! Retrieving locale-specific information

Security Issues

Table 10.4. Security Impersonation Levels

Table 10.5. Security Authentication Levels

Table 10.6. Security Privilege Constants[*]

Deciding on the Level of Security Required

BEST PRACTICE! Connecting to a namespace

Data Input

Figure 10.7 Input through the command line Note: If you do not supply the correct number of arguments in this example, then the script will fail.

Figure 10.8 Input through the GUI

Error Detection

Figure 10.9 Calling subroutines

Figure 10.11. The Standard Error and WMI Extended Error Information dialog boxes

Table 10.7. VBScript Constants

Figure 10.10 Subroutines to display errors

Table 10.8. MsgBox Appearance Constants

Table 10.9. MsgBox Modal Constants

BEST PRACTICE! User/Script Interaction

Error Logging (NT/2000/XP Only)

BEST PRACTICE! Tracking Unattended Script Behavior

Table 10.10. Event Logging Types

Figure 10.13. Event generated by LogWMIError

WMI Scripting Data Retrieval

Figure 10.12 Subroutines to record errors in the Windows event log

BEST PRACTICE! Using InstancesOf

Figure 10.14 Retrieving the network log-in name and date from WMI

Figure 10.15. Example of a date value without formatting

Displaying Date and Time Values (XP Only)

Figure 10.16. Example of date formatting using SWBemDateTime

Retrieving Subsets of Instances

Figure 10.17 Uses a WQL query to get the default printer

Figure 10.18 Uses a WQL query to list Windows services not started

Figure 10.19 A WQL query to get the alerter Windows services

BEST PRACTICE! Use the Get Method

BEST PRACTICE! Use Semisynchronous Calls to ExecQuery

WMI Data Modification Scripting Example

Figure 10.20 Example script that enables disabled user accounts

Figure 10.21. A MsgBox with the vbYesNo, vbSystemModal, and vbQuestion flags set

Table 10.11. MsgBox Button Constants

Data Deletion Scripting Example

Figure 10.22. Using MsgBox to elicit a response from the user

Data Creation Scripting Example

Figure 10.23 Retrieves all the currently installed printers and offers an option to delete

Association Traversal Using VBScript

Figure 10.24 Creating a printer configuration

Executing Methods Using VBScript

Figure 10.25 Find printers attached to a parallel port

Summary

Figure 10.26 Finds the default printer and prints the test page

Ten Fast Facts: Summary of VBScript Boot Camp

Chapter 11. WMI Scripting and WMIC

Identifying the Correct Course of Action

Make a Note of the Problem Description

Divide the Problem into Its Constituent Parts

Decide Which Hardware or Software Components You Are Going to Manage

Selecting a Namespace

Figure 11.1. The Search dialog of the WMI CIM Studio

BEST PRACTICE! Properties vs. Methods

Which Tool?

Table 11.1. Administration Tools

Decide Whether Your Script Should Run Locally or Remotely on the Target Machines

Decide Whether Your Script Will Run Unattended or Attended

Table 11.2. Attended and Unattended Inputs and Outputs

Determine the Variables and Constants

Candidate Constants

Candidate Variables

Determine the Sequence of Steps in the Task

Script Deployment and Execution

Local Execution and Storage

Figure 11.2. The script is stored and runs locally

Local Execution from a Shared Resource

Figure 11.3. The script is stored centrally on a shared drive and runs locally

Remote Connection across a Network

Figure 11.4. The script is stored locally and attaches across the network to the remote namespace

Remote Invocation of a Script (Available Only with Windows Script v5.6)

Figure 11.5. The script is stored locally, copied across the network, and executed as a process in the remote machine

Figure 11.6 Running a script on a remote machine

Script Execution Methods

Executing Scripts at Start Up

Execute the Script Using the Windows Scheduler

Figure 11.7. The Windows task scheduler

Event-driven Script Execution (Windows XP Only)

Sending E-mail

Figure 11.8 Sends an e-mail of all Windows services

Setting Up Your System for Debugging and Testing

Microsoft Windows Script Debugger (approx. 600k)

Figure 11.9. Use Notepad to create a new file called scriptdebug.reg

Figure 11.10 Registry changes to enable script debugging

Figure 11.11. The two new settings available on the Context menu for .vbs files

Debugging Your Scripts

Figure 11.12. The Windows Script debugger main screen

Figure 11.13. Setting breakpoints in the debugger using F9

Figure 11.14. The command window can retrieve the value of variables

Figure 11.15. The command window also can be used to set the value of variables

Windows Management Instrumentation Command-line (WMIC)

Using WMIC

Interactive Mode

Figure 11.16. The WMIC command prompt

Figure 11.17. The /? sequence retrieves all available switches, Aliases, and commands

Configuring WMIC

Figure 11.18. WMIC configuration

Interacting with WMIC

Figure 11.19. Usage information on an Alias

The WHERE Clause

Table 11.3. Comparison Operators

Verbs

Table 11.4. List of WMIC Verbs

Adverbs

Looping WMIC Commands

Types of Output

Table 11.5. Supplied XSL Files for Outputting WMIC Results

Aliases

Figure 11.20 The basic structure of an Alias in MOF format stored in the root\cli namespace by default

Figure 11.21. The MSFT_CliAlias class in the root\Cli namespace

Figure 11.22. The NIC Alias, up close and personal

Figure 11.23. The Embedded Object dialog for class MSFT_CliConnection

Figure 11.24. An array of objects associated with the Formats property

Figure 11.25. Properties of the STATUS format option

Figure 11.26. The NIC Alias in action

Creating or Modifying Aliases Using the CIM Studio

Considerations

Creating a Simple Alias from the WMIC Command Line

Using WMIC in Noninteractive Mode

Figure 11.27. WMIC can format the output in a variety of predesigned styles

BEST PRACTICE! Usernames and Passwords

Summary

Ten Fast Facts: WMIC Tips

Chapter 12. Developing WMI Providers

Figure 12.1. WMI client/provider architecture

Where to Start

Developing an Instance Provider

Figure 12.2. WMI instance provider class schema

Figure 12.3. WMI instance provider component

Provider Registration

Figure 12.4. WMI provider registration class hierarchy

Provider Initialization

Enumerating Objects

Figure 12.5. Fruit basket registry structure

Getting an Object

Deleting an Object

Creating or Updating an Object

Querying for Your Objects

Figure 12.6. Query processing from provider to client

Instance Provider Registration

Developing a Method Provider

Figure 12.7. WMI method provider component

Executing Methods

Method Provider Registration

Developing an Event Provider

Figure 12.8. WMI event provider component

Firing Events

Event Provider Registration

Developing an Event Consumer Provider

Handling Event Notifications

Figure 12.10. WMI event consumer provider classes

Figure 12.9. WMI event consumer provider component

Permanent Event Consumer Provider Registration

Developing a Property Provider

Figure 12.11. WMI property provider component

Exposing Dynamic Properties

Property Provider Registration

Developing a Push Provider

Figure 12.12. WMI push provider component

Pushing Data to the CIM Repository

Push Provider Registration

Security Considerations

Figure 12.13. Remote access boundaries between clients and providers

Summary

Ten Fast Facts: Developing WMI Providers

Chapter 13. High-Performance Instrumentation

Overview of Event Tracing

Figure 13.1. Event-tracing architecture

Controlling Event Traces

Starting a Kernel Event-Tracing Session

Setting Up a Session's Configuration

Figure 13.2. EVENT_TRACE_PROPERTIES structure

Table 13.1. LogFileMode Flags

Table 13.2. EnableFlags Flags

Querying the Session's Configuration and Statistics

Table 13.3. ControlCode Flags

Stopping the Session

Starting Event-Tracing Sessions

Querying for Active Event-Tracing Sessions

Querying for Registered Event-Tracing Providers

Table 13.4. Published Event-Tracing Providers

Starting Private Event-Tracing Sessions

Figure 13.3. Starting a kernel or normal session

Figure 13.4. Starting a private session

Developing an Event-Tracing Provider

Figure 13.5. Lift Simulator event trace

Defining the Event Class Schema

Registering an Application as an Event-Tracing Provider

Developing the Provider's Control Call-Back Function

Producing an Event Trace

Figure 13.6. Event-trace schema for Lift Simulator

Table 13.5. Standard Event Types

Table 13.6. FieldTypeFlags Flags

Table 13.7. Flags Bit-Mask Values

Producing a Hierarchical Event Trace

Figure 13.7. Flat versus hierarchical event trace

Analyzing Event-Trace Log Files

Processing an Event-Trace Log File

The Event Call-Back Function

Figure 13.8. Print spooler's event-trace schema

Figure 13.9. Processing single versus multiple event-tracing log files

The Buffer Call-Back Function

The Consumer Event-Tracing APIs

Monitoring Real-Time Event-Tracing Sessions

Providing and Analyzing Lightweight Events

Table 13.8. MessageFlags Flags

Analyzing Lightweight Events

Figure 13.10. Interpreting TraceMessage events

Summary

Ten Fast Facts: High-Performance Instrumentation

Appendix A. WMI Event SDK Tools

Figure A.1. WMI Event Viewer

Figure A.2. WMI Event Registration

Figure A.3. Creating a new event query

Figure A.4. Entering configuration for new event query

Figure A.5. Creating new event consumer

Figure A.6. Entering configuration for new event consumer

Figure A.12. WMI Event Viewer displaying events from multiple consumers

Figure A.7. Associating an event query to an event consumer

Figure A.8. WMI Event Viewer displaying newly received event

Figure A.9. Creating new time instruction

Figure A.10. Entering configuration for new interval timer instruction

Figure A.11. Associating a timer event query to an event consumer

Figure A.13. Viewing an event in the WMI Event Viewer

Figure A.14. Viewing TargetInstance property

Appendix B. WMI Server Explorer

Figure B.1. The Visual Studio .NET Server Explorer

Manipulating Management Objects in the Server Explorer

Figure B.2. Add Classes dialog

Figure B.3. The newly added management classes

Figure B.4. The WMI Object Browser showing the fruit basket objects

Figure B.5. The WMI Server Explorer showing the fruit basket objects

Figure B.6. The WMI Server Explorer properties window

Figure B.7. The Fruit class menu

Figure B.8. The AddFruitToBasket method dialog

Subscribing for Event Notification in the Server Explorer

Figure B.9. The Build Management Event Query dialog

Figure B.10. The available classes list

Figure B.11. The Advanced Query Options dialog

Figure B.12. Specifying the MediaLoaded=true condition

Figure B.13. The CD-ROM event query subscription

Figure B.14. The Visual Studio .NET output window

Glossary

Bibliography

"Craig and Gwyn bring their insight and experience with WMI to explain how easy it is to write powerful management applications through WMI on the .NET platform."—Andy Cheung, Microsoft WMI Test Engineer Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) is an impressive technology that provides, for the first time, an integrated approach to hardware and software management for the Windows operating system. Developing WMI Solutions gives administrators and developers the skills necessary to take advantage of the power of WMI with Windows 2000, XP, and .NET Server. Developing WMI Solutions starts with an overview of the concepts behind systems management. The authors then provide a synopsis of existing management architectures, as well as an explanation of the architectural components of WMI and the tools provided by Microsoft for their use. Also included is a WMI scripting boot camp for administrators using samples in VBScript, plus a series of best practices that give scripts a professional edge. You will find thorough coverage of such topics as: • The Common Information Model (CIM) • Developing CIM extended schemas • Management-application development using C++ and COM for WMI • MMC snap-in development using C++ and COM, presented as a tutorial • WMI providers and the necessary C++ and COM skills needed to expose class schema • Developing management applications using the .NET Framework—the first comprehensive guide to the WMI classes in the System.Management namespace Finally, developers will learn about the often undersold but extremely powerful high-performance event-tracing mechanism available in Windows, which allows developers to expose detailed information about operations in an application. The companion Web site, located at http://www.wbem.co.uk, includes the complete set of code examples found in the book, as well as updates and related articles. Both a tutorial and a reference, Developing WMI Solutions is an essential companion for network administrators, software developers, and team leaders looking to become proficient with WMI.

COPYRIGHT ..................................................................................................................15 PREFACE...........................................................................................................................17 Who Is This Book for and What Is WMI?.........................................17 How to Approach This Book and What You Will Learn .....18 Acknowledgments...................................................................................................21 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION................................................................22 Structure of the Book ...........................................................................................23 Pedagogical Elements........................................................................................24 Target Audience........................................................................................................24 Prerequisites.................................................................................................................25 Terminology...................................................................................................................25 Software Requirements.....................................................................................25 Operating System Requirements.............................................................26 Hardware Requirements...................................................................................26 Introducing WBEM..................................................................................................27 WBEM's Basic Objectives...............................................................................27 Core Objectives.........................................................................................................27 The Central Information Store.....................................................................27 The Common Information Model..............................................................28 Object Orientation and CIM...........................................................................28 Building an Information Model ....................................................................28 Structure of the Centralized Repository ............................................29 The Three-Tiered Model...................................................................................30 Acronyms and Terminology...........................................................................31 Standards Bodies ....................................................................................................31 Motivation ........................................................................................................................32 De Facto and de Jure Standards.............................................................32 The Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) ................33 The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) .......................................35 Web-Based Enterprise Management (WBEM) ..........................36 Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)..........................36 Common Information Model (CIM).........................................................36

Common Information Model (CIM) Repository...........................36 Managed Object Format (MOF)................................................................37 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) ......................37 Common Management Information Services (CMIS)..........37 Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP)...........37 Desktop Management Interface (DMI) ...............................................38 eXtensible Markup Language (XML)....................................................38 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).....................................................38 Extended Schemas................................................................................................39 WMI Scripting ..............................................................................................................39 Summary..........................................................................................................................39 TEN FAST FACTS: WEB-BASED ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................40 CHAPTER 2. EXISTING MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORKS..........................................................................................................41 The Need for a Universal Management Model ..........................42 The Simple Network Management Protocol .................................44 A Simple Solution to a Complex Problem .......................................44 The SNMP Network Management Station......................................45 Relevant SNMP Standards............................................................................47 Structure of an SNMP Message ...............................................................49 Communities.................................................................................................................49 Event Notification: SNMP Traps and Informs..............................51 The Management Information Base......................................................52 SNMP Security...........................................................................................................55 Modus Operandi .......................................................................................................56 Advantages of the SNMP Protocol ........................................................58 Disadvantages of the SNMP Protocol.................................................58 The Desktop Management Interface....................................................59 The DMI Information Model: The Management Store.........61 Policy....................................................................................................................................62 Notification of Events ...........................................................................................62 DMI Security .................................................................................................................62

MIF Database Security.......................................................................................63 Management Interface Security ................................................................63 Component Interface Security ....................................................................64 Security Indications................................................................................................64 Advantages of the DMI.......................................................................................64 Disadvantages of the DMI...............................................................................64 Summary..........................................................................................................................65 TEN FAST FACTS: SNMP AND DMI .......................................67 CHAPTER 3. WINDOWS MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTATION...........................................................................................68 The Standard WBEM Components .......................................................69 Installing WMI..............................................................................................................70 Core Components of WMI ..............................................................................72 Windows Management Instrumentation............................................79 WMI Management Applications.................................................................82 Types of Providers..................................................................................................87 Event Handling...........................................................................................................89 Event Consumer.......................................................................................................90 WMI Security................................................................................................................91 The WMI Query Language.............................................................................95 Summary........................................................................................................................103 TEN FAST FACTS: WINDOWS MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTATION.........................................................................................103 CHAPTER 4. A GUIDED TOUR OF THE COMMON INFORMATION MODEL REPOSITORY .....................................104 Metadata.........................................................................................................................105 Dynamic and Static Data................................................................................106 Dynamic Data and the CIM Repository ...........................................107 The Common Information Model............................................................108 Namespaces...............................................................................................................112 Using the CIMV2 Namespace...................................................................112 WMI Namespaces and the CIM repository ..................................113

Defining and Using Your Own Namespace.................................115 Namespaces and Schemas ........................................................................115 Using Existing Schemas.................................................................................116 Subclassing and Instantiating Existing Classes in the CIMV2 Namespace..............................................................................................116 Modifying Existing Classes ..........................................................................117 MOF Class Declaration....................................................................................118 Qualifiers ........................................................................................................................119 Flavors..............................................................................................................................120 Custom Qualifiers..................................................................................................121 User-Defined Qualifiers ...................................................................................122 Intrinsic Data Types.............................................................................................122 Instance Creation...................................................................................................123 A Compileable MOF File ................................................................................124 ActiveX Components..........................................................................................127 Let the Tour Begin!...............................................................................................128 The Class Explorer Explained...................................................................130 System Properties.................................................................................................135 Object and Property Qualifiers .................................................................136 CIM Studio Functions ........................................................................................139 Places of Interest within the CIM repository................................145 Tutorial: Creating a Namespace and Adding Classes, Properties, and an Association ................................................................148 The Wizards................................................................................................................149 Summary........................................................................................................................150 TEN FAST FACTS: CIM REPOSITORY...................................150 CHAPTER 5. DEVELOPING CLASS SCHEMAS..............151 Schema Design and System Manageability ...............................152 Case Study: Client/Server E-mail Package.................................154 The Unified Modeling Language.............................................................155 Learning the CIM Schema and Win32 Extended Schemas.........................................................................................................................156 The Windows Installer and WMI.............................................................158

Schema Design by Teams vs. by Single Developers........159 The Unified Modeling Language in Schema Design ..........160 A Brief Introduction to UML Object Modeling.............................160 Interpreting the Common Model in UML.........................................164 The Schema Design Road Map..............................................................166 WMI Topology Design.......................................................................................169 Schema Design Phase.....................................................................................172 Representing the PostOffice Schema in UML ..........................197 Summary........................................................................................................................198 TEN STARTING SCHEMA DESIGN TIPS................................198 CHAPTER 6. METHOD DESIGN AND SCHEMA CLASS POSITIONING ......................................................................................199 Properties vs. Methods ....................................................................................199 Methods, Operations, and Functions.................................................200 Step 5: Define Methods...................................................................................201 Step 6: Check Schema Design................................................................213 Final Step: Positioning Classes...............................................................217 Step-by-Step CIMV2 Namespace Class Positioning .........218 Putting Class Placement Theory into Practice .........................222 Namespace and Schema Placement ................................................224 The Applications Namespace....................................................................225 MOF Creation and Testing...........................................................................230 Implementing the Schema: WMI API Calls vs. MOF Code ..................................................................................................................................................231 Multilanguage Support......................................................................................231 The Post Office Schema in MOF ...........................................................233 PO_PostOfficeHasSettings MOF File ...............................................246 Testing..............................................................................................................................248 Schema Deployment..........................................................................................249 Summary........................................................................................................................249 SCHEMA DESIGN AND POSITIONING Q & A...............249

CHAPTER 7. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS ......................................................................................................250 Getting Started .........................................................................................................251 Object Paths Explained ...................................................................................253 Getting an Object...................................................................................................255 Enumerating Objects..........................................................................................256 Creating an Object................................................................................................258 Updating Objects....................................................................................................261 Deleting an Object ................................................................................................262 Performing Queries..............................................................................................264 Making Method Calls..........................................................................................266 Manipulating Object Properties................................................................272 Manipulating Array Object Properties................................................277 Accessing Objects from Object Properties...................................278 Making Semisynchronous Calls..............................................................281 Making Asynchronous Calls........................................................................285 WMI Error Messages .........................................................................................288 Overview of Events..............................................................................................289 Intrinsic Events.........................................................................................................291 Extrinsic Events.......................................................................................................292 Timer Events ..............................................................................................................293 How to Subscribe to Events........................................................................295 Writing Applications to Receive Semisynchronous Events ..................................................................................................................................................297 Writing Applications to Receive Asynchronous Events ...299 More on Security ....................................................................................................302 Classes that Require Specific Security Privileges ................304 Localized Namespaces....................................................................................307 Overview of High Performance Classes.........................................310 Writing Applications to Access High-Performance Data.310 Access High-Performance Enumerated Data ...........................313 Summary........................................................................................................................314

TEN FAST FACTS: DEVELOPING C++/COM MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS:....................................................315 CHAPTER 8. DEVELOPING .NET MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS ......................................................................................................315 Getting Started .........................................................................................................316 Getting a Management Object..................................................................317 Enumerating Management Objects.....................................................323 Creating a Management Object ..............................................................325 Updating Management Objects...............................................................328 Deleting a Management Object...............................................................329 Performing Queries..............................................................................................331 Making Method Calls..........................................................................................335 Manipulating Management Object Properties...........................340 Manipulating Array Object Properties................................................344 Accessing Objects from Object Properties...................................345 Making Asynchronous Calls........................................................................347 Overview of Events..............................................................................................351 Writing Applications to Receive Asynchronous Events ...352 Writing Applications to Receive Semisynchronous Events ..................................................................................................................................................355 Managing Connections to WMI................................................................357 Summary........................................................................................................................360 TEN FAST FACTS: DEVELOPING .NET MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS......................................................361 CHAPTER 9. DEVELOPING MMC SNAP-INS ..........362 Snap-in Architecture ...........................................................................................363 Getting Started .........................................................................................................365 Snap-in Implementation Basics...............................................................369 Let's Make a Snap-in .........................................................................................372 Implementing IComponentData................................................................................373 Implementing IComponent........................................................................................375 The Root Item and General Item Basics ........................................376

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