2004 年上海华东师范大学 GIS 及自然辩证法与科学史考研 真题 GIS 一、名词: 1．数据精度 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 2．矢量数据结构 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 3.．透视图 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 4．层次分析(ahp)法 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 二、问答: 1．游程长度编码,说明其编码方法并设计一种方法对题中给出的 7*7 图编码. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 

_______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 2．纸质地图如何转为矢量电子地图. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 3．遥感数据和 gis 数据融合的方法及意义. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 4．给出一个关于环境监测数据(如二氧化硫浓度)的点图层和区域图层（包括名称） 确定每个监测点所在行政区域名称，（2）：确定图中所有点的环境监测数据，（3）：要求每个 点周围 10 公里内必须有监测站，求出没有被覆盖到的区域。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 5．请为一部门设计一个关于人口的桌面地理信息系统，并给出详细解释 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 自然辩证法与科学史 一、名词解释（每题 5 分，共 40 分） 1、《自然辩证法》 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 

_______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 2、科学概念 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 3、系统方法 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 4、逻辑实证主义 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 5、拉瓦锡 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 6、生物进化论 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 7、熵 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 

_______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 8、大陆漂移说 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 二、简答题（每题 15 分，共 60 分） 1、简述科学问题的来源及科学问题对科学研究的意义。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 2、简述科学与技术之关系的历史沿革及其趋势。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 3、简述马赫《力学及其发展的历史批判概论》之主要内容。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 4、简述奥巴林生命起源假说的内容及其革命性。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 三、论述题（每题 25 分，共 50 分） 1、从人与自然协调发展的角度论述环境教育的重要性。 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________ 2、结合科学发展史料述评库恩科学革命的理论。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________