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O-RAN Fronthaul Working Group Control, User and Synchronization ....pdf
Revision History
Chapter 1 Introductory Material
1.1 Scope
1.2 References
1.2.1 Synchronization-specific Reference Documents
1.3 Definitions and Abbreviations and Conventions
1.3.1 Definitions
1.3.2 Abbreviations
1.3.3 Document Conventions
1.3.3.1 Fields and Bitmasks in Messages
Chapter 2 Architecture & Requirements
2.1 Functional Split
2.1.1 Selected Split 7-2x (DL)
2.1.2 Selected Split 7-2x (UL)
2.2 Data Flows
2.3 Latency Requirements
2.3.1 Timing Parameter Relationships
2.3.1.1 O-DU Transmission Window
2.3.2 U-Plane/ C-Plane Timing
2.3.3 Computed Latency Methods
2.3.3.1 Fronthaul Timing Domain
2.3.3.2 Defined Transport Method
2.3.3.3 Measured Transport Method
2.3.4 Latency Categories for O-DU with dynamic timing advance
2.3.5 Latency Categories for O-DU with fixed timing advance
2.3.6 Non-Delay Managed U-Plane Traffic
2.4 Reception Window Monitoring
Chapter 3 Transport & Protocol Architecture
3.1 Transport Encapsulation Types
3.1.1 Ethernet Encapsulation
3.1.2 IP/UDP Encapsulation
3.1.3 Transport Headers
3.1.3.1 eCPRI Transport Header
3.1.3.1.1 ecpriVersion (eCPRI protocol revision)
3.1.3.1.2 ecpriReserved (eCPRI reserved)
3.1.3.1.3 ecpriConcatenation (eCPRI concatenation indicator)
3.1.3.1.4 ecpriMessage (eCPRI message type)
3.1.3.1.5 ecpriPayload (eCPRI payload size)
3.1.3.1.6 ecpriRtcid / ecpriPcid (real time control data / IQ data transfer message series identifier)
3.1.3.1.7 ecpriSeqid (message identifier)
3.1.3.2 1914.3 Transport Header
3.1.3.2.1 RoEsubType (sub type / message type)
3.1.3.2.2 RoEflowID (flow identifier)
3.1.3.2.3 RoElength (length)
3.1.3.2.4 RoEorderInfo (order information)
3.2 Protocol Architecture
3.2.1 C-plane
3.2.2 U-plane
3.2.3 S-plane
3.3 Quality of Service
3.4 Data Flow Identification
3.5 Fragmentation
3.5.1 Application layer fragmentation
3.5.2 Radio Transport layer (eCPRI or IEEE-1914.3) fragmentation
3.5.3 Fragmentation Guideline
Chapter 4 Security
Chapter 5 C-plane Protocol
5.1 General
5.2 Function
5.2.1 C-Plane Transport
5.3 Elementary Procedures
5.3.1 Scheduling and Beamforming Commands Transfer procedure
5.3.2 Mixed Numerology and PRACH Handling
5.3.3 DL Precoding configuration parameters and indications
5.3.4 LAA Commands Transfer procedure
5.3.4.1 LBT procedure overview
5.3.4.2 Definitions
5.3.4.3 General Guidelines for the LAA-procedure
5.3.4.3.1 PDSCH Transmission
5.3.4.3.2 DRS Transmission
5.3.4.3.3 Congestion Window Information Transmission
5.3.5 Symbol Numbering and Duration
5.3.6 Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS)
5.3.6.1 Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) via Dedicated Endpoints
5.3.6.2 Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) via Section Extension =9 for DSS
5.4 Elements for the C-plane Protocol
5.4.1 General
5.4.1.1 Section Extensions
5.4.2 Scheduling and Beamforming Commands
5.4.3 Coding of Information Elements – Transport Layer
5.4.4 Coding of Information Elements – Application Layer, Common
5.4.4.1 dataDirection (data direction (gNB Tx/Rx))
5.4.4.2 payloadVersion (payload version)
5.4.4.3 filterIndex (filter index)
5.4.4.4 frameId (frame identifier)
5.4.4.5 subframeId (subframe identifier)
5.4.4.6 slotId (slot identifier)
5.4.4.7 startSymbolid (start symbol identifier)
5.4.4.8 numberOfsections (number of sections)
5.4.4.9 sectionType (section type)
5.4.4.10 udCompHdr (user data compression header)
5.4.4.11 numberOfUEs (number Of UEs)
5.4.4.12 timeOffset (time offset)
5.4.4.13 frameStructure (frame structure)
5.4.4.14 cpLength (cyclic prefix length)
5.4.5 Coding of Information Elements – Application Layer, Sections
5.4.5.1 sectionId (section identifier)
5.4.5.2 rb (resource block indicator)
5.4.5.3 symInc (symbol number increment command)
5.4.5.4 startPrbc (starting PRB of data section description)
5.4.5.5 reMask (resource element mask)
5.4.5.6 numPrbc (number of contiguous PRBs per data section description)
5.4.5.7 numSymbol (number of symbols)
5.4.5.8 ef (extension flag)
5.4.5.9 beamId (beam identifier)
5.4.5.10 ueId (UE identifier)
5.4.5.11 freqOffset (frequency offset)
5.4.5.12 regularizationFactor (regularization Factor)
5.4.5.13 ciIsample, ciQsample (channel information I and Q values)
5.4.5.14 laaMsgType (LAA message type)
5.4.5.15 laaMsgLen (LAA message length)
5.4.5.16 lbtHandle
5.4.5.17 lbtDeferFactor (listen-before-talk defer factor)
5.4.5.18 lbtBackoffCounter (listen-before-talk backoff counter)
5.4.5.19 lbtOffset (listen-before-talk offset)
5.4.5.20 MCOT (maximum channel occupancy time)
5.4.5.21 lbtMode (LBT Mode)
5.4.5.22 lbtPdschRes (LBT PDSCH Result)
5.4.5.23 sfStatus (subframe status)
5.4.5.24 lbtDrsRes (LBT DRS Result)
5.4.5.25 initialPartialSF (Initial partial SF)
5.4.5.26 lbtBufErr (LBT Buffer Error)
5.4.5.27 sfnSf (SFN/SF End)
5.4.5.28 lbtCWConfig_H (HARQ Parameters for Congestion Window management)
5.4.5.29 lbtCWConfig_T (TB Parameters for Congestion Window management)
5.4.5.30 lbtTrafficClass (Traffic class priority for Congestion Window management)
5.4.5.31 lbtCWR_Rst (Notification about packet reception successful or not)
5.4.5.32 reserved (reserved for future use)
5.4.6 Section Extension Commands
5.4.6.1 extType (extension type)
5.4.6.2 ef (extension flag)
5.4.6.3 extLen (extension length)
5.4.7 Coding of Information Elements – Application Layer, Section Extensions
5.4.7.1 ExtType=1: Beamforming Weights Extension Type
5.4.7.1.1 bfwCompHdr (beamforming weight compression header)
5.4.7.1.2 bfwCompParam (beamforming weight compression parameter)
5.4.7.1.3 bfwI (beamforming weight in-phase value)
5.4.7.1.4 bfwQ (beamforming weight quadrature value)
5.4.7.2 ExtType=2: Beamforming Attributes Extension Type
5.4.7.2.1 bfaCompHdr (beamforming attributes compression header)
5.4.7.2.2 bfAzPt (beamforming azimuth pointing parameter)
5.4.7.2.3 bfZePt (beamforming zenith pointing parameter)
5.4.7.2.4 bfAz3dd (beamforming azimuth beamwidth parameter)
5.4.7.2.5 bfZe3dd (beamforming zenith beamwidth parameter)
5.4.7.2.6 bfAzSl (beamforming azimuth sidelobe parameter)
5.4.7.2.7 bfZeSl (beamforming zenith sidelobe parameter)
5.4.7.2.8 zero-padding
5.4.7.3 ExtType=3: DL Precoding Extension Type
5.4.7.3.1 codebookIndex (precoder codebook used for transmission)
5.4.7.3.2 layerID (Layer ID for DL transmission)
5.4.7.3.3 txScheme (transmission scheme)
5.4.7.3.4 numLayers (number of layers used for DL transmission)
5.4.7.3.5 crsReMask (CRS resource element mask)
5.4.7.3.6 crsSymlNum (CRS symbol number indication)
5.4.7.3.7 crsShift (crsShift used for DL transmission)
5.4.7.3.8 beamIdAP1 (beam id to be used for antenna port 1)
5.4.7.3.9 beamIdAP2 (beam id to be used for antenna port 2)
5.4.7.3.10 beamIdAP3 (beam id to be used for antenna port 3)
5.4.7.4 ExtType=4: Modulation Compression Parameters Extension Type
5.4.7.4.1 csf (constellation shift flag)
5.4.7.4.2 modCompScaler (modulation compression scaler value)
5.4.7.5 ExtType=5: Modulation Compression Additional Parameters Extension Type
5.4.7.5.1 mcScaleReMask (modulation compression power scale RE mask)
5.4.7.5.2 csf (constellation shift flag)
5.4.7.5.3 mcScaleOffset (scaling value for modulation compression)
5.4.7.6 ExtType=6: Non-contiguous PRB allocation in time and frequency domain
5.4.7.6.1 rbgSize (resource block group size)
5.4.7.6.2 rbgMask (resource block group bit mask)
5.4.7.6.3 symbolMask (symbol bit mask)
5.4.7.7 ExtType=7: eAxC Mask Section Extension
5.4.7.7.1 eAxCmask (eAxC Mask)
5.4.7.8 ExtType=8: Regularization factor
5.4.7.8.1 regularizationFactor (regularization Factor)
5.4.7.9 ExtType=9: Dynamic Spectrum Sharing parameters
5.4.7.9.1 technology (interface name)
5.4.7.10 ExtType=10: Section description for group configuration of multiple ports
5.4.7.10.1 beamGroupType
5.4.7.10.2 numPortc
5.4.7.10.3 Interaction with other Section Extensions
5.4.7.11 ExtType=11: Flexible Beamforming Weights Extension Type
5.4.7.11.1 bfwCompHdr (beamforming weight compression header)
5.4.7.11.2 bfwCompParam for PRB bundle x (beamforming weight compression parameter)
5.4.7.11.3 numBundPrb (Number of bundled PRBs per beamforming weights)
5.4.7.11.4 bfwI (beamforming weight in-phase value).
5.4.7.11.5 bfwQ (beamforming weight quadrature value)
5.4.7.11.6 disableBFWs (disable beamforming weights).
5.4.7.11.8 RAD (Reset After PRB Discontinuity)
5.5 C-Plane Optimizations
5.5.1 C-Plane Optimization using Section Extension =6
5.5.2 C-Plane Optimization using Section Extension =7
5.5.3 C-Plane Optimization using Section Extension =10
5.5.4 C-Plane Optimization using Section Extension =11
5.5.4.1 Interaction between Section Extension =11 and Section Extension =6
Chapter 6 U-plane Protocol
6.1 General
6.1.1 U-plane Transport
6.1.2 U-plane Data Compression
6.1.3 Digital Power Scaling
6.1.3.1 Definition of IQ Power in dBFS
6.1.3.2 Definition of Gain over Fronthaul Interface
6.1.3.2.1 DL Gain Guideline
6.1.3.2.2 UL Gain Definition
6.1.3.3 TX Power Budget Guideline for Category A O-RUs
6.2 Elementary Procedures
6.2.1 IQ Data Transfer procedure
6.3 Elements for the U-plane Protocol
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 DL/UL Data
6.3.3 UL/DL Data Coding of Information Elements
6.3.3.1 dataDirection (data direction (gNB Tx/Rx))
6.3.3.2 payloadVersion (payload version)
6.3.3.3 filterIndex (filter index)
6.3.3.4 frameId (frame identifier)
6.3.3.5 subframeId (subframe identifier)
6.3.3.6 slotId (slot identifier)
6.3.3.7 symbolId (symbol identifier)
6.3.3.8 sectionId (section identifier)
6.3.3.9 rb (resource block indicator)
6.3.3.10 symInc (symbol number increment command)
6.3.3.11 startPrbu (startingPRB of user plane section)
6.3.3.12 numPrbu (number of PRBs per user plane section)
6.3.3.13 udCompHdr (user data compression header)
6.3.3.14 reserved (reserved for future use)
6.3.3.15 udCompParam (user data compression parameter)
6.3.3.16 iSample (in-phase sample)
6.3.3.17 qSample (quadrature sample)
6.3.3.18 sReSMask (Selective RE Sending Mask)
6.3.4 DL Data Precoding
6.3.5 Data Transfer for Special Cases
6.3.5.1 Data Message Mapping and Packetization
Chapter 7 Counters and KPIs
7.1 Counters
Chapter 8 Specification Mandatory and Optional Capabilities
8.1 General
Chapter 9 S-Plane Protocol
9.1 General
9.1.1 Overview
9.2 Synchronization Baseline
9.2.1 List of Reference Documents
9.2.2 Clock Model and Synchronization Topology
9.2.2.1 Topology configuration LLS-C1 and LLS-C2 Synchronization
9.2.2.2 Topology configuration LLS-C3 Synchronization
9.2.2.3 Topology configuration LLS-C4 Synchronization
9.2.3 Clock Synchronization
9.2.4 Profiles
9.2.4.1 SyncE
9.2.4.2 PTP
9.2.4.2.1 Full Timing Support
9.2.4.2.2 Partial Timing Support
9.2.5 Synchronization Accuracy
9.2.5.1 Jitter
9.2.5.2 Wander
9.2.5.3 Air interface frequency error
9.2.5.4 Air interface maximum time error
9.3 Time and Frequency Synchronization Requirements
9.3.1 Allowed PTP and SyncE clock types and clock classes
9.3.2 Frequency and Time Synchronization Requirements across fronthaul network elements
9.3.2.1 Configurations LLS-C1 and LLS-C2
9.3.2.2 Configuration LLS-C3
9.3.2.3 Configuration LLS-C4
9.4 Node Behavior Guidelines
9.4.1 Configurations LLS-C1 and LLS-C2
9.4.1.1 M-Plane disconnected
9.4.1.2 O-RU in the FREERUN State
9.4.1.3 O-DU in the FREERUN state
9.4.1.4 Operation in SYNCED/HOLDOVER state
9.4.2 Configurations LLS-C3
9.4.2.1 M-Plane disconnected
9.4.2.2 O-RU in the FREERUN State
9.4.2.3 O-DU in the FREERUN state
9.4.2.4 Operation in SYNCED/HOLDOVER state
9.4.3 Configurations LLS-C4
9.4.3.1 M-Plane disconnected
9.4.3.2 O-RU in the FREERUN State
9.4.3.3 O-DU in the FREERUN state
9.4.3.4 Operation in SYNCED/HOLDOVER state
9.5 S-Plane Handling in Multiple Link Scenarios
9.6 Announce Messages
9.7 Elementary Procedures
9.7.1 PTP Time Synchronization procedure
9.7.2 System Frame Number Calculation from GPS Time
Chapter 10 Beamforming Guidelines
10.1 General
10.2 Hierarchy of Radiation Structure in O-RU
10.3 Calibration
10.4 beamId Use for Various Beamforming Methods
10.4.1 Predefined-beam Beamforming
10.4.1.1 Beam Characteristics
10.4.2 Weight-based dynamic beamforming
10.4.2.1 Weight-based dynamic frequency-domain or time-domain beamforming (not hybrid)
10.4.2.2 Weight-based dynamic hybrid beamforming
10.4.2.2.1 Hybrid beamforming with updatable frequency-domain and time-domain weights
10.4.2.2.2 Hybrid beamforming with updatable frequency-domain weights and fixed time-domain beams
10.4.3 Attribute-based dynamic beamforming
10.4.4 Channel-information-based beamforming
10.5 O-RU Antenna Model supported by O-RAN
10.5.1 Coordinate Systems
10.5.2 O-RU Antenna Model Parameters
10.5.3 Identification and Ordering of Array Elements
10.5.4 Relations Between Array Elements
10.5.5 Model Usage
Chapter 11 Shared Cell Supporting
11.1 General
11.2 Copy and Combine function
11.3 Delay management for Shared cell
11.3.1 DL delay management for Shared cell
11.3.2 UL delay management for Shared cell
11.4 S-plane for Shared cell
Annex A Compression Methods
A.1 Block Floating Point Compression
A.1.1 Block Floating Point Compression Algorithm
A.1.2 Block Floating Point Decompression Algorithm
A.2 Block Scaling Compression
A.2.1 Block Scaling Compression Algorithm
A.2.2 Block Scaling Decompression Algorithm
A.3 -Law Compression
A.3.1 -Law Compression Algorithm
A.3.2 -Law Decompression Algorithm
A.3.3 -Law udCompParam and IQ data format
A.4 Beamspace Compression and Decompression
A.4.1 Beamspace Compression Algorithm
A.4.2 Beamspace Decompression Algorithm
A.5 Modulation Compression
A.6 Selective RE sending Compression
Annex B Delay Management Use Cases
B.1 Latency categories and sub-categories
B.2 Example Case: Evaluating O-DU / O-RU Combinations
Annex C M-Plane Impacts
Annex D IQ Sample and Exponent Packetization for Different Bitwidths
Annex D.1 IQ Sample for Little Endian Byte Order
Annex E OFDM Phase Compensation
Annex F Beamforming Attributes Frame of Reference
Annex G LAA Algorithms and Examples:
Annex H S-Plane detailed frequency and phase error budget analysis, and future ITU-T clock types and classes reference
H.1 Reference documents
H.2 Frequency and time error budget analysis
H.3 Frequency error budget for Network limit (LLS-C3) :
H.4 Summary of allowed number of switches:
Annex I Precoding and Examples:
Annex J Beamforming Methods Description:
Annex K: Layers of Array Elements
K.1 Use Case A
K.2 Use Case B
Appendix L: Considerations when operating in non-ideal transport environments
L.1 Deployment Scenarios and Performance Considerations
L.1.1 Low Impact
L.1.2 Medium Impact
L.1.3 High Impact
L.2 HARQ
L.2.1 Synchronous HARQ
L.2.1.1 HARQ Interleaving
L.2.1.2 Predictive HARQ
L.2.2 Asynchronous HARQ Considerations
L.3 RACH Considerations
L.3.1 Non-Ideal Fronthaul RACH Designs
L.3.1.1 Option-1: Semi-persistent Resource allocation
L.3.1.2 Option-2: RACH retransmission estimation
L.4 Other Latency Related Considerations
L.5 Bandwidth Limitation Considerations
Annex ZZZ : O-RAN Adopter License Agreement
Section 1: DEFINITIONS
Section 2: COPYRIGHT LICENSE
Section 3: FRAND LICENSE
Section 4: TERM AND TERMINATION
Section 5: CONFIDENTIALITY
Section 6: INDEMNIFICATION
Section 7: LIMITATIONS ON LIABILITY; NO WARRANTY
Section 8: ASSIGNMENT
Section 9: THIRD-PARTY BENEFICIARY RIGHTS
Section 10: BINDING ON AFFILIATES
Section 11: GENERAL
O-RAN.WG4.CUS.0-v03.00
Technical Specification
O-RAN Fronthaul Working Group
Control, User and Synchronization Plane Specification
Prepared by the O-RAN Alliance. Copyright © 2020 by the O-RAN Alliance.
By using, accessing or downloading any part of this O-RAN specification document, including by copying, saving, distributing,
displaying or preparing derivatives of, you agree to be and are bound to the terms of the O-RAN Adopter License Agreement
contained in Annex ZZZ of this specification. All other rights reserved.
Copyright © 2020 by the O-RAN Alliance.
Your use is subject to the terms of the O-RAN Adopter License Agreement in Annex ZZZ
1
1
Revision History
O-RAN.WG4.CUS.0-v03.00
Date
Revision
2020.03.13
03.00
Update from comments #43 - #55, accept all changes and fix figure and table numbering
and table of contents as needed.
Description
2020.03.10
02.00.04 Updated using the following CRs: NOK-0021, MAV-0005, ERI-0009, SAM-0016,
SAM-020, SAM-0021, SAM-0022 plus all comments from the comment sheet up to
comment #42
2020.02.28
02.00.03 Updated using the following CRs: ERI-0007, COM-0001, COM-0002 and SAM-0014 …
as well as comments from the comment review sheet.
2020.02.21
02.00.02 Updated using the following CRs: DCM-0002, DCM-0003, NOK-0020, NOK-0026,
NOK-0029, ERI-0004, ETR-0006, SAM-0012, SAM-0013 and two comments received
from Ericsson.
2020.02.14
02.00.01 Updated using the following CRs: NOK-0014, NOK-0017, NOK-0018, NOK-0019,
NOK-0023, NOK-0024, INT-0002, INT-0003, INT-0004, MAV-0001, MAV-0002,
MAV-0003, MAV-0004, ERI-0003, ERI-0006, ETR-0001, ETR-0002, ETR-0003 and
MCS-0001, as well as made minor grammatical corrections.
2019.08.02
02.00
Updated with CR FJT-0001 and NOK-0015 and NOK-0016 and comments #31 - #34
which are the final comments; updated version to v02.00 and created “tc” and clean
versions for WG4 approval.
2019.06.27
01.00.04 Updated with comments #22 - #30 in the review comment sheet as well as based on
discussions at the June 27 meeting. Most changes are related to mandatory/optional
statements and conditions, and in 3.1.3.1.6 regarding endpoint use.
2019.06.20
01.00.03 Updated with changes from Tokyo F2F meeting (see comment sheet), as well as NEC-
0003.
2019.06.10
01.00.02 Accomodates review comments against v01.00.01.
2019.06.02
01.00.01 Updated with NOK-0006, NOK-0007, NOK-0008, NOK-0009, NOK-0010, NOK-0011,
NOK-0012, NOK-0013, ERI-0001, ERI-0002, INT-0001, SAM-0003, SAM-0004, CAB-
0001, CAB-0002 and CAB-0003, which include WI non-ideal fronthaul and several
mandatory / optional modifications, as well as adding Section Extention =6 and =7.
2019.03.11
01.00
Final version 01.00
2
3
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2020 by the O-RAN Alliance.
Your use is subject to the terms of the O-RAN Adopter License Agreement in Annex ZZZ
2
O-RAN.WG4.CUS.0-v03.00
Contents
Revision History ................................................................................................................................................. 2
Chapter 1 Introductory Material ....................................................................................................................... 10
Scope ............................................................................................................................................................... 10
1.1
References........................................................................................................................................................ 10
1.2
1.2.1
Synchronization-specific Reference Documents ........................................................................................ 11
Definitions and Abbreviations and Conventions ............................................................................................. 12
1.3
Definitions .................................................................................................................................................. 12
1.3.1
1.3.2
Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................. 14
1.3.3 Document Conventions............................................................................................................................................ 14
Fields and Bitmasks in Messages ......................................................................................................... 14
1.3.3.1
Chapter 2 Architecture & Requirements .......................................................................................................... 16
Functional Split ................................................................................................................................................ 16
2.1
2.1.1
Selected Split 7-2x (DL) ............................................................................................................................ 17
2.1.2
Selected Split 7-2x (UL) ............................................................................................................................ 20
Data Flows ....................................................................................................................................................... 21
2.2
Latency Requirements ..................................................................................................................................... 22
2.3
2.3.1
Timing Parameter Relationships ................................................................................................................ 23
O-DU Transmission Window ............................................................................................................... 24
2.3.1.1
U-Plane/ C-Plane Timing ........................................................................................................................... 25
2.3.2
Computed Latency Methods ...................................................................................................................... 28
2.3.3
Fronthaul Timing Domain .................................................................................................................... 29
2.3.3.1
2.3.3.2
Defined Transport Method ................................................................................................................... 30
Measured Transport Method ................................................................................................................ 31
2.3.3.3
Latency Categories for O-DU with dynamic timing advance .................................................................... 32
2.3.4
Latency Categories for O-DU with fixed timing advance .......................................................................... 35
2.3.5
2.3.6
Non-Delay Managed U-Plane Traffic ........................................................................................................ 36
Reception Window Monitoring ...................................................................................................................... 37
2.4
Chapter 3 Transport & Protocol Architecture .................................................................................................. 39
Transport Encapsulation Types ........................................................................................................................ 39
3.1
3.1.1
Ethernet Encapsulation ............................................................................................................................... 39
IP/UDP Encapsulation................................................................................................................................ 39
3.1.2
Transport Headers ...................................................................................................................................... 40
3.1.3
eCPRI Transport Header ...................................................................................................................... 40
3.1.3.1
3.1.3.1.1
ecpriVersion (eCPRI protocol revision) .......................................................................................... 40
ecpriReserved (eCPRI reserved) ..................................................................................................... 41
3.1.3.1.2
ecpriConcatenation (eCPRI concatenation indicator) ..................................................................... 41
3.1.3.1.3
ecpriMessage (eCPRI message type) .............................................................................................. 41
3.1.3.1.4
ecpriPayload (eCPRI payload size) ................................................................................................. 41
3.1.3.1.5
3.1.3.1.6
ecpriRtcid / ecpriPcid (real time control data / IQ data transfer message series identifier) ............ 42
ecpriSeqid (message identifier) ....................................................................................................... 43
3.1.3.1.7
1914.3 Transport Header ...................................................................................................................... 46
3.1.3.2
RoEsubType (sub type / message type) .......................................................................................... 46
3.1.3.2.1
3.1.3.2.2
RoEflowID (flow identifier) ........................................................................................................... 47
RoElength (length) .......................................................................................................................... 47
3.1.3.2.3
3.1.3.2.4
RoEorderInfo (order information)................................................................................................... 47
Protocol Architecture ....................................................................................................................................... 47
3.2
3.2.1
C-plane ....................................................................................................................................................... 47
U-plane ....................................................................................................................................................... 48
3.2.2
3.2.3
S-plane ....................................................................................................................................................... 48
Quality of Service ............................................................................................................................................ 48
3.3
Data Flow Identification .................................................................................................................................. 49
3.4
3.5
Fragmentation .................................................................................................................................................. 50
Application layer fragmentation ................................................................................................................. 50
3.5.1
Radio Transport layer (eCPRI or IEEE-1914.3) fragmentation ................................................................. 50
3.5.2
3.5.3
Fragmentation Guideline ............................................................................................................................ 51
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Chapter 4 Security ............................................................................................................................................ 52
Chapter 5 C-plane Protocol .............................................................................................................................. 53
General ............................................................................................................................................................. 53
5.1
5.2
Function ........................................................................................................................................................... 53
5.2.1
C-Plane Transport ...................................................................................................................................... 53
Elementary Procedures .................................................................................................................................... 53
5.3
Scheduling and Beamforming Commands Transfer procedure .................................................................. 53
5.3.1
Mixed Numerology and PRACH Handling ............................................................................................... 54
5.3.2
5.3.3
DL Precoding configuration parameters and indications ........................................................................... 57
LAA Commands Transfer procedure ......................................................................................................... 59
5.3.4
LBT procedure overview ...................................................................................................................... 59
5.3.4.1
Definitions ............................................................................................................................................ 60
5.3.4.2
5.3.4.3
General Guidelines for the LAA-procedure ......................................................................................... 61
PDSCH Transmission ..................................................................................................................... 61
5.3.4.3.1
DRS Transmission .......................................................................................................................... 62
5.3.4.3.2
Congestion Window Information Transmission ............................................................................. 62
5.3.4.3.3
5.3.5
Symbol Numbering and Duration .............................................................................................................. 62
Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) ............................................................................................................. 63
5.3.6
Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) via Dedicated Endpoints ............................................................... 63
5.3.6.1
5.3.6.2
Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) via Section Extension =9 for DSS ................................................ 63
Elements for the C-plane Protocol ................................................................................................................... 63
5.4
5.4.1
General ....................................................................................................................................................... 63
Section Extensions ................................................................................................................................ 64
5.4.1.1
Scheduling and Beamforming Commands ................................................................................................. 64
5.4.2
Coding of Information Elements – Transport Layer .................................................................................. 75
5.4.3
5.4.4
Coding of Information Elements – Application Layer, Common .............................................................. 75
dataDirection (data direction (gNB Tx/Rx)) ......................................................................................... 75
5.4.4.1
payloadVersion (payload version) ........................................................................................................ 75
5.4.4.2
filterIndex (filter index) ........................................................................................................................ 75
5.4.4.3
5.4.4.4
frameId (frame identifier) ..................................................................................................................... 76
subframeId (subframe identifier) .......................................................................................................... 76
5.4.4.5
slotId (slot identifier) ............................................................................................................................ 77
5.4.4.6
startSymbolid (start symbol identifier) ................................................................................................. 77
5.4.4.7
numberOfsections (number of sections) ............................................................................................... 77
5.4.4.8
5.4.4.9
sectionType (section type) .................................................................................................................... 77
udCompHdr (user data compression header) ........................................................................................ 77
5.4.4.10
numberOfUEs (number Of UEs) .......................................................................................................... 78
5.4.4.11
timeOffset (time offset) ........................................................................................................................ 78
5.4.4.12
5.4.4.13
frameStructure (frame structure) .......................................................................................................... 78
cpLength (cyclic prefix length) ............................................................................................................ 79
5.4.4.14
Coding of Information Elements – Application Layer, Sections ............................................................... 79
5.4.5
sectionId (section identifier) ................................................................................................................. 79
5.4.5.1
5.4.5.2
rb (resource block indicator) ................................................................................................................. 80
symInc (symbol number increment command) .................................................................................... 80
5.4.5.3
startPrbc (starting PRB of data section description) ............................................................................. 81
5.4.5.4
reMask (resource element mask) .......................................................................................................... 81
5.4.5.5
numPrbc (number of contiguous PRBs per data section description)................................................... 81
5.4.5.6
5.4.5.7
numSymbol (number of symbols) ........................................................................................................ 82
ef (extension flag) ................................................................................................................................. 82
5.4.5.8
beamId (beam identifier) ...................................................................................................................... 82
5.4.5.9
ueId (UE identifier) .............................................................................................................................. 83
5.4.5.10
5.4.5.11
freqOffset (frequency offset) ................................................................................................................ 83
regularizationFactor (regularization Factor) ......................................................................................... 83
5.4.5.12
ciIsample, ciQsample (channel information I and Q values) ................................................................ 83
5.4.5.13
laaMsgType (LAA message type) ........................................................................................................ 84
5.4.5.14
5.4.5.15
laaMsgLen (LAA message length) ....................................................................................................... 84
lbtHandle .............................................................................................................................................. 84
5.4.5.16
lbtDeferFactor (listen-before-talk defer factor) .................................................................................... 84
5.4.5.17
lbtBackoffCounter (listen-before-talk backoff counter) ....................................................................... 85
5.4.5.18
5.4.5.19
lbtOffset (listen-before-talk offset) ....................................................................................................... 85
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5.4.5.20
5.4.5.21
5.4.5.22
5.4.5.23
5.4.5.24
5.4.5.25
5.4.5.26
5.4.5.27
5.4.5.28
5.4.5.29
5.4.5.30
5.4.5.31
5.4.5.32
5.4.6
5.4.6.1
5.4.6.2
5.4.6.3
5.4.7
5.4.7.1
5.4.7.1.1
5.4.7.1.2
5.4.7.1.3
5.4.7.1.4
5.4.7.2
5.4.7.2.1
5.4.7.2.2
5.4.7.2.3
5.4.7.2.4
5.4.7.2.5
5.4.7.2.6
5.4.7.2.7
5.4.7.2.8
5.4.7.3
5.4.7.3.1
5.4.7.3.2
5.4.7.3.3
5.4.7.3.4
5.4.7.3.5
5.4.7.3.6
5.4.7.3.7
5.4.7.3.8
5.4.7.3.9
5.4.7.3.10
5.4.7.4
5.4.7.4.1
5.4.7.4.2
5.4.7.5
5.4.7.5.1
5.4.7.5.2
5.4.7.5.3
5.4.7.6
5.4.7.6.1
5.4.7.6.2
5.4.7.6.3
5.4.7.7
5.4.7.7.1
5.4.7.8
5.4.7.8.1
5.4.7.9
5.4.7.9.1
5.4.7.10
MCOT (maximum channel occupancy time) ....................................................................................... 85
lbtMode (LBT Mode) ........................................................................................................................... 85
lbtPdschRes (LBT PDSCH Result) ...................................................................................................... 85
sfStatus (subframe status) ..................................................................................................................... 86
lbtDrsRes (LBT DRS Result) ............................................................................................................... 86
initialPartialSF (Initial partial SF) ........................................................................................................ 86
lbtBufErr (LBT Buffer Error) ............................................................................................................... 86
sfnSf (SFN/SF End) .............................................................................................................................. 86
lbtCWConfig_H (HARQ Parameters for Congestion Window management) ..................................... 87
lbtCWConfig_T (TB Parameters for Congestion Window management) ............................................ 87
lbtTrafficClass (Traffic class priority for Congestion Window management) ..................................... 87
lbtCWR_Rst (Notification about packet reception successful or not) .................................................. 87
reserved (reserved for future use) ......................................................................................................... 87
Section Extension Commands .................................................................................................................... 88
extType (extension type) ...................................................................................................................... 89
ef (extension flag) ................................................................................................................................. 89
extLen (extension length)................................................................................................................ 89
Coding of Information Elements – Application Layer, Section Extensions ............................................... 89
ExtType=1: Beamforming Weights Extension Type ............................................................................ 89
bfwCompHdr (beamforming weight compression header) ............................................................. 90
bfwCompParam (beamforming weight compression parameter) .................................................... 90
bfwI (beamforming weight in-phase value) .................................................................................... 91
bfwQ (beamforming weight quadrature value) ............................................................................... 91
ExtType=2: Beamforming Attributes Extension Type ......................................................................... 91
bfaCompHdr (beamforming attributes compression header) .......................................................... 92
bfAzPt (beamforming azimuth pointing parameter) ....................................................................... 92
bfZePt (beamforming zenith pointing parameter) ........................................................................... 93
bfAz3dd (beamforming azimuth beamwidth parameter) ................................................................ 93
bfZe3dd (beamforming zenith beamwidth parameter) .................................................................... 93
bfAzSl (beamforming azimuth sidelobe parameter) ....................................................................... 93
bfZeSl (beamforming zenith sidelobe parameter) ........................................................................... 93
zero-padding ......................................................................................................................................... 94
ExtType=3: DL Precoding Extension Type.......................................................................................... 94
codebookIndex (precoder codebook used for transmission) ........................................................... 95
layerID (Layer ID for DL transmission) ......................................................................................... 95
txScheme (transmission scheme) .................................................................................................... 95
numLayers (number of layers used for DL transmission) ............................................................... 95
crsReMask (CRS resource element mask) ...................................................................................... 96
crsSymlNum (CRS symbol number indication) .............................................................................. 96
crsShift (crsShift used for DL transmission) ................................................................................... 96
beamIdAP1 (beam id to be used for antenna port 1) ....................................................................... 96
beamIdAP2 (beam id to be used for antenna port 2) ....................................................................... 97
beamIdAP3 (beam id to be used for antenna port 3) ....................................................................... 97
ExtType=4: Modulation Compression Parameters Extension Type ..................................................... 97
csf (constellation shift flag)............................................................................................................. 97
modCompScaler (modulation compression scaler value) ............................................................... 98
ExtType=5: Modulation Compression Additional Parameters Extension Type ................................... 98
mcScaleReMask (modulation compression power scale RE mask) ............................................... 99
csf (constellation shift flag)............................................................................................................. 99
mcScaleOffset (scaling value for modulation compression) ........................................................... 99
ExtType=6: Non-contiguous PRB allocation in time and frequency domain ..................................... 100
rbgSize (resource block group size) .............................................................................................. 100
rbgMask (resource block group bit mask) .................................................................................... 101
symbolMask (symbol bit mask) .................................................................................................... 101
ExtType=7: eAxC Mask Section Extension ....................................................................................... 102
eAxCmask (eAxC Mask) .............................................................................................................. 102
ExtType=8: Regularization factor ...................................................................................................... 103
regularizationFactor (regularization Factor) ................................................................................. 103
ExtType=9: Dynamic Spectrum Sharing parameters ......................................................................... 103
technology (interface name) .......................................................................................................... 104
ExtType=10: Section description for group configuration of multiple ports ...................................... 104
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5.4.7.10.1 beamGroupType ............................................................................................................................................ 104
5.4.7.10.2 numPortc 105
5.4.7.10.3 Interaction with other Section Extensions...................................................................................................... 105
5.4.7.11 ExtType=11: Flexible Beamforming Weights Extension Type ........................................................................ 106
5.4.7.11.1
bfwCompHdr (beamforming weight compression header) ........................................................... 106
5.4.7.11.2
bfwCompParam for PRB bundle x (beamforming weight compression parameter) ..................... 107
5.4.7.11.3 numBundPrb (Number of bundled PRBs per beamforming weights) ........................................................... 107
5.4.7.11.4 bfwI (beamforming weight in-phase value). .................................................................................................. 107
5.4.7.11.5 bfwQ (beamforming weight quadrature value) .............................................................................................. 107
5.4.7.11.6 disableBFWs (disable beamforming weights). .............................................................................................. 107
5.4.7.11.8 RAD (Reset After PRB Discontinuity) .......................................................................................................... 107
C-Plane Optimizations ................................................................................................................................... 108
5.5
C-Plane Optimization using Section Extension =6 .................................................................................. 108
5.5.1
5.5.2
C-Plane Optimization using Section Extension =7 .................................................................................. 108
5.5.3
C-Plane Optimization using Section Extension =10 ................................................................................ 108
5.5.4 C-Plane Optimization using Section Extension =11 .............................................................................................. 108
5.5.4.1 Interaction between Section Extension =11 and Section Extension =6 .............................................................. 109
Chapter 6 U-plane Protocol ............................................................................................................................ 112
General ........................................................................................................................................................... 112
6.1
U-plane Transport .................................................................................................................................... 112
6.1.1
U-plane Data Compression ...................................................................................................................... 112
6.1.2
6.1.3
Digital Power Scaling............................................................................................................................... 112
Definition of IQ Power in dBFS ......................................................................................................... 112
6.1.3.1
Definition of Gain over Fronthaul Interface ....................................................................................... 112
6.1.3.2
DL Gain Guideline ........................................................................................................................ 115
6.1.3.2.1
6.1.3.2.2
UL Gain Definition ....................................................................................................................... 115
6.1.3.3
TX Power Budget Guideline for Category A O-RUs ......................................................................... 116
Elementary Procedures .................................................................................................................................. 117
6.2
6.2.1
IQ Data Transfer procedure ...................................................................................................................... 117
Elements for the U-plane Protocol ................................................................................................................. 119
6.3
General ..................................................................................................................................................... 119
6.3.1
DL/UL Data ............................................................................................................................................. 119
6.3.2
UL/DL Data Coding of Information Elements ......................................................................................... 121
6.3.3
dataDirection (data direction (gNB Tx/Rx)) ....................................................................................... 121
6.3.3.1
6.3.3.2
payloadVersion (payload version) ...................................................................................................... 121
filterIndex (filter index) ...................................................................................................................... 122
6.3.3.3
frameId (frame identifier) ................................................................................................................... 122
6.3.3.4
subframeId (subframe identifier) ........................................................................................................ 122
6.3.3.5
6.3.3.6
slotId (slot identifier) .......................................................................................................................... 122
symbolId (symbol identifier) .............................................................................................................. 122
6.3.3.7
sectionId (section identifier) ............................................................................................................... 122
6.3.3.8
rb (resource block indicator) ............................................................................................................... 122
6.3.3.9
6.3.3.10
symInc (symbol number increment command) .................................................................................. 122
startPrbu (startingPRB of user plane section) ..................................................................................... 122
6.3.3.11
numPrbu (number of PRBs per user plane section) ............................................................................ 122
6.3.3.12
udCompHdr (user data compression header) ...................................................................................... 123
6.3.3.13
reserved (reserved for future use) ....................................................................................................... 123
6.3.3.14
6.3.3.15
udCompParam (user data compression parameter) ............................................................................ 124
iSample (in-phase sample) .................................................................................................................. 124
6.3.3.16
qSample (quadrature sample) ............................................................................................................. 124
6.3.3.17
sReSMask (Selective RE Sending Mask) ........................................................................................... 124
6.3.3.18
6.3.4
DL Data Precoding ................................................................................................................................... 125
Data Transfer for Special Cases ............................................................................................................... 125
6.3.5
6.3.5.1
Data Message Mapping and Packetization ......................................................................................... 125
Chapter 7 Counters and KPIs ......................................................................................................................... 126
7.1
Counters ......................................................................................................................................................... 126
Chapter 8 Specification Mandatory and Optional Capabilities ...................................................................... 128
8.1
General ........................................................................................................................................................... 128
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Chapter 9 S-Plane Protocol ............................................................................................................................ 133
General ........................................................................................................................................................... 133
9.1
9.1.1
Overview .................................................................................................................................................. 133
Synchronization Baseline .............................................................................................................................. 133
9.2
9.2.1
List of Reference Documents ................................................................................................................... 133
Clock Model and Synchronization Topology ........................................................................................... 133
9.2.2
Topology configuration LLS-C1 and LLS-C2 Synchronization ........................................................ 134
9.2.2.1
Topology configuration LLS-C3 Synchronization ............................................................................. 136
9.2.2.2
9.2.2.3
Topology configuration LLS-C4 Synchronization ............................................................................. 138
Clock Synchronization ............................................................................................................................. 138
9.2.3
Profiles ..................................................................................................................................................... 139
9.2.4
SyncE.................................................................................................................................................. 139
9.2.4.1
PTP ..................................................................................................................................................... 139
9.2.4.2
9.2.4.2.1
Full Timing Support ...................................................................................................................... 139
Partial Timing Support .................................................................................................................. 139
9.2.4.2.2
Synchronization Accuracy ....................................................................................................................... 140
9.2.5
Jitter .................................................................................................................................................... 140
9.2.5.1
9.2.5.2
Wander ............................................................................................................................................... 140
Air interface frequency error .............................................................................................................. 140
9.2.5.3
9.2.5.4
Air interface maximum time error ...................................................................................................... 140
Time and Frequency Synchronization Requirements .................................................................................... 143
9.3
9.3.1
Allowed PTP and SyncE clock types and clock classes ........................................................................... 143
Frequency and Time Synchronization Requirements across fronthaul network elements ....................... 144
9.3.2
Configurations LLS-C1 and LLS-C2 ................................................................................................. 144
9.3.2.1
Configuration LLS-C3 ........................................................................................................................ 146
9.3.2.2
9.3.2.3
Configuration LLS-C4 ........................................................................................................................ 149
Node Behavior Guidelines ............................................................................................................................. 150
9.4
Configurations LLS-C1 and LLS-C2 ....................................................................................................... 150
9.4.1
M-Plane disconnected......................................................................................................................... 150
9.4.1.1
O-RU in the FREERUN State ............................................................................................................ 151
9.4.1.2
9.4.1.3
O-DU in the FREERUN state ............................................................................................................. 152
Operation in SYNCED/HOLDOVER state ........................................................................................ 152
9.4.1.4
Configurations LLS-C3 ............................................................................................................................ 153
9.4.2
M-Plane disconnected......................................................................................................................... 153
9.4.2.1
9.4.2.2
O-RU in the FREERUN State ............................................................................................................ 153
O-DU in the FREERUN state ............................................................................................................. 153
9.4.2.3
Operation in SYNCED/HOLDOVER state ........................................................................................ 154
9.4.2.4
Configurations LLS-C4 ............................................................................................................................ 154
9.4.3
M-Plane disconnected......................................................................................................................... 154
9.4.3.1
9.4.3.2
O-RU in the FREERUN State ............................................................................................................ 154
O-DU in the FREERUN state ............................................................................................................. 154
9.4.3.3
9.4.3.4
Operation in SYNCED/HOLDOVER state ........................................................................................ 155
S-Plane Handling in Multiple Link Scenarios ............................................................................................... 155
9.5
9.6
Announce Messages ...................................................................................................................................... 155
Elementary Procedures .................................................................................................................................. 155
9.7
PTP Time Synchronization procedure ..................................................................................................... 155
9.7.1
9.7.2
System Frame Number Calculation from GPS Time ............................................................................... 156
Chapter 10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.4.1
10.4.1.1
10.4.2
10.4.2.1
10.4.2.2
10.4.2.2.1
10.4.2.2.2
Beamforming Guidelines ...................................................................................................... 159
General ........................................................................................................................................................... 159
Hierarchy of Radiation Structure in O-RU .................................................................................................... 159
Calibration ..................................................................................................................................................... 160
beamId Use for Various Beamforming Methods ........................................................................................... 160
Predefined-beam Beamforming ............................................................................................................... 161
Beam Characteristics .......................................................................................................................... 161
Weight-based dynamic beamforming ...................................................................................................... 163
Weight-based dynamic frequency-domain or time-domain beamforming (not hybrid) ..................... 163
Weight-based dynamic hybrid beamforming ..................................................................................... 164
Hybrid beamforming with updatable frequency-domain and time-domain weights ..................... 164
Hybrid beamforming with updatable frequency-domain weights and fixed time-domain
beams ............................................................................................................................................ 165
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10.4.3
10.4.4
10.5
10.5.1
10.5.2
10.5.3
10.5.4
10.5.5
Attribute-based dynamic beamforming .................................................................................................... 166
Channel-information-based beamforming ................................................................................................ 167
O-RU Antenna Model supported by O-RAN ................................................................................................ 167
Coordinate Systems .................................................................................................................................. 167
O-RU Antenna Model Parameters ........................................................................................................... 168
Identification and Ordering of Array Elements ........................................................................................ 169
Relations Between Array Elements .......................................................................................................... 170
Model Usage ............................................................................................................................................ 170
Chapter 11 Shared Cell Supporting ................................................................................................................ 173
11.1 General .................................................................................................................................................................... 173
11.2 Copy and Combine function ................................................................................................................................... 174
11.3 Delay management for Shared cell ......................................................................................................................... 176
11.3.1 DL delay management for Shared cell ................................................................................................................. 177
11.3.2 UL delay management for Shared cell ................................................................................................................. 178
11.4
S-plane for Shared cell ................................................................................................................................... 180
Annex A
A.1
A.1.1
A.1.2
A.2
A.2.1
A.2.2
A.3
A.3.1
A.3.2
A.3.3
A.4
A.4.1
A.4.2
A.5
A.6
Compression Methods .............................................................................................................. 181
Block Floating Point Compression ................................................................................................................ 181
Block Floating Point Compression Algorithm ......................................................................................... 181
Block Floating Point Decompression Algorithm ..................................................................................... 182
Block Scaling Compression ........................................................................................................................... 182
Block Scaling Compression Algorithm .................................................................................................... 183
Block Scaling Decompression Algorithm ................................................................................................ 183
-Law Compression....................................................................................................................................... 184
-Law Compression Algorithm ............................................................................................................... 184
-Law Decompression Algorithm ............................................................................................................ 185
-Law udCompParam and IQ data format ............................................................................................... 186
Beamspace Compression and Decompression ............................................................................................... 186
Beamspace Compression Algorithm ........................................................................................................ 186
Beamspace Decompression Algorithm .................................................................................................... 188
Modulation Compression ............................................................................................................................... 188
Selective RE sending Compression ............................................................................................................... 191
Annex B Delay Management Use Cases ................................................................................................... 192
B.1
Latency categories and sub-categories ........................................................................................................... 197
Example Case: Evaluating O-DU / O-RU Combinations .............................................................................. 201
B.2
Annex C
M-Plane Impacts ....................................................................................................................... 205
Annex D
Annex D.1
IQ Sample and Exponent Packetization for Different Bitwidths ............................................... 206
IQ Sample for Little Endian Byte Order .................................................................................................. 210
Annex E
OFDM Phase Compensation ..................................................................................................... 216
Annex F
Beamforming Attributes Frame of Reference ............................................................................ 217
Annex G
LAA Algorithms and Examples: ............................................................................................... 219
Annex H
S-Plane detailed frequency and phase error budget analysis, and future ITU-T clock types
and classes reference ............................................................................................................................ 223
Reference documents ..................................................................................................................................... 223
Frequency and time error budget analysis ..................................................................................................... 224
Frequency error budget for Network limit (LLS-C3) : .................................................................................. 226
Summary of allowed number of switches: ..................................................................................................... 228
H.1
H.2
H.3
H.4
Annex I
Precoding and Examples: ........................................................................................................... 230
Annex J
Beamforming Methods Description: .......................................................................................... 238
Annex K: Layers of Array Elements .............................................................................................................. 241
Use Case A .................................................................................................................................................... 241
K.1
K.2
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________________________________________________________________________________________________
Copyright © 2020 by the O-RAN Alliance.
Your use is subject to the terms of the O-RAN Adopter License Agreement in Annex ZZZ
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