2004 年上海华东师范大学环境科学考研真题 一、 名词解释（45 分） 1．温室效应 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 2．生态金字塔 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 3．臭氧层破坏 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 4．生物多样性 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 5．气溶胶 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 6．土地处理系统 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 7．水处理工艺 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 8．区域环境影响评价 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 9．清洁生产 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 二、 简答题（45 分） 1．形成光化学烟雾的污染物主要有哪些？请简要说明光化学烟雾对生态环境的危害性及其 控制对策。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 2．什么是逆温？辐射逆温是怎样形成的？请简要说明逆温对大气污染物扩散的影响。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 

_____________________________________________ 3．耗氧性污染物主要包括哪些？它们对河流环境、生态系统有哪些危害？请简要说明水体 黑臭的产生过程。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 三、 综述题（60 分） 1．试述我国湖泊富营养化问题的现状及控制湖泊富营养化的主要管理与技术措施。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 2．试述怎样运用生态学原理解决城市有机垃圾的处理与处置问题。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________