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2018 年浙江宁波大学基础英语考研真题 I. Vocabulary (30 points) This part consists of two sections. Section A Directions: Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1×20 points). 1.The intellect is always held in abeyance bythe spirit of reasonable ness, and still more by the writer's artistic sensibility. A . suspension B. approval C. continuation D. antidote 2. She smiled the credulous smile of ignorant innocence and pulled the gate open. A. sophisticated B. naive C. deceiving D. guilty 3.We can trace the rudimentary roots of all our values and limits b ack in our childhood anecdotes. A. salient B. deep C. fundamental D. far-fetched 4. Alexander envisioned a cosmopolitan culture in his new empire. A. local B. endemic C. provincial D. universal 5.Perhaps the first thing any cynic will note about these pledges is that they are devoid of any self-sacrifice. A. realist B. faultfinder C. optimist D. pessimist 6.When the winds blew through the holes, the rocks emitted an eerie keening sound, like a dirge of lost souls. A. elegy B. song C. eulogy D. tribute 7.I am blessed with a buoyant temperament and enjoy the pleasures of this earth. A. lighthearted B. depressed C. disheartened D. glad 8. He saw the hideous, obscure shape rise slowly to the surface. A. beautiful B. unclear C. repulsive D. ambiguous 9.Jim likes to gloat over all the sports prizes he has own, which he keeps in a glass case.

A. revel B. lament C. survey 10.It would be unwise to pretend that D. it scan does not happen and dishon est to disavow it in any circumstances. A. claim B. renounce C. confess D. plead 11. His rubicund face expressed consternation and fatigue. A. rough B. robust C. ruddy D. dark 12.Going higher-end also means Microsoft would dodge a potential threa t to Amazonand Google. A. duck B. form C. propose D. profile 13 . Laughter is the tonic, the relief, the surcease for pain. A . exhaustion B. regulator C. monitor D. refresher 14.When my play was with thee I never questioned who thou wert. I knew nor shyness nor fear, my life was boisterous A. controllable B. disorderly C. wild D. unruly 15.He had plenty of feedback and plenty of time to mitigate this is sue, but he can be stubborn. A . alleviate B. shorten C. increase D. revise 16.The eggs are packed in cartons lined with shockproof corrugated paperboard. A. smooth B. horizontal C. silky D. ribbed 17.In the East he succeeded in establishing Byzantine hegemony over t he crusading states. A. overthrow B. conquest C. supremacy D. subjugation 18.Art is the stored honey of the human soul, gathered on wings of misery and travail. A. labour B. journey C. pilgrimage D. wretchedness 19.He who will not reason, is a bigot; he who cannot is a fool; a nd he who dares not is a slave. A. cynic B. pessimist C. dogmatist D . fascist 20.Out of the corner of my eye I saw a blur of movement on the o ther sideof the glass

A. clarity B. haziness C. shape D. transparency Section B There are ten words or phrases underlined in the following sentences. You are required to use other English words or phrases to explain them with the meanings that best suit those sentences (1×10 points). For example: Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with great eloquence Answer: quick and witty tongue. 1. While his intentions are to save lived and prevent injuries, this manger is perceived as vindictive, uncaring and self-serving. 2. sh 3. 4. It is not to shame you that I write these things but to admoni you as my beloved children. All the people in the party were disgusted with his bawdy jokes. His aesthetic and ideology have seeped into the very fabric of A merican theater. 5. This magnifies US cultural advantages because the market into whic h artists from other countries must sell is often abysmal. 6. Violent storms wreaked havoc on the French Riviera, leaving three people dead and dozens injured. 7.I seemed to discern some signs of emotion upon the butler's whitef ace. 8. Critics of the scheme take a less benign view. 9.The crux of the matter is not shortage of time, but shortage of work. 10.He speaks many languages including Arabic, so he was assigned to dangerous covert operations. II. Cloze (20 points) Directions: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. You are required to fill the words or phrases in them that best complete the passage to make a smooth and logical reading semantically, syntactically and textually. The words that you use to fill in the blanks can be any that you think are suitable and able to make the passage smooth in meaning and grammar. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet. （1x20 points）

Shakespeare’s sonnets are very different from Shakespeare’s plays, but they do contain _____1_____elements and an overall sense of story. Each of the poems__2____with a highly personal theme, and each can be __3___ on its own or in relation to the poems around it. The sonnets have the feel of ___4___ poems, but we don’t know whether they deal with real events or not, because no one knows ___5___ about Shakespeare’s life to say whether or not they deal with real events and feelings, so we tend to refer to the voice of the sonnets as “the speaker”—as ___6___ he were a dramatic creation like Hamlet or King Lear. There are certainly a number of intriguing ____7__ throughout the poems. The first 126 of the sonnets seem to be ___8___ to an unnamed young nobleman, whom the speaker loves very much; the rest of the poems (except for the last two, which seem generally unconnected to the __9___ of the sequence) seem to be addressed to a mysterious __10___ , whom the speaker loves, hates, and lusts for simultaneously. The two addressees of the sonnets are usually__11___ to as the “young man” and the “dark lady”; in summaries of individual poems, I have also called the young man the “beloved” and the dark lady the “lover,” especially in cases where their ____12__ can only be surmised. Within the two mini-sequences, there are a ____13___ of other discernible elements of “plot”: the speaker _ 14__ the young man to have children; he is forced to __15__ a separation from him; he competes with a__16___ poet for the young man’s patronage and affection. At two points in the sequence, it seems that the young man and the___17__lady are actually lovers themselves—a state of affairs with which the speaker is none too ___18___ . But while these continuities give the poems a

narrative flow and a helpful frame of reference, they have been frustratingly_19____ for scholars and biographers to pin __20___ . In Shakespeare’s life, who were the young man and the dark lady? Prose by its very nature is longer than verse, and the virtues peculiar with it manifest themselves gradually. If the cardinal virtue of poetry is love, the cardinal virtue of prose is just; and, whereas love makes you act and speak in the spur of the moment, justice needs inquiry, patient and a control even of the noblest passions. To justice, here I do not mean justice of ideas, but a habit of justice in all processes of thought, the style only to particular people tranquillized and a form moulded to that habit. The master of prose is not cold, and he will not 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 let any word or image inflame him with a heat irrelevant with his 10 reject all beauties that are not germane to it; making his own 11 beauty out of the purpose. Unhasting, unresting, he pursues 12 them, subduing all the riches of his mind on it, very accomplishment 13 of it. out of the whole work and its proportions, so as you must read to the end before you know that it is beauty. But he has his reward, for his is trusted and convinces, as those that are at the mercy of their own eloquence do not; and he gives a pleasure all the greater for be hardly noticed. In the best prose, whether narrative and argument, 14 15 16 17 18 we are so led on as we read, that we do not stop to applauding 19

the writer, or do we stop to question him. 20 IV. Reading Comprehension (30 points) Directions: There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section. Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of the given questions. Section B requires you to read and judge whether the relevant statements are true or false. Section C requires you to read and then write a summary of it. Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet. Section A. (10 points) Why the inductive and mathematical sciences, after their first rapid development at the culmination of Greek civilization, advanced so slowly for two thousand years—and why in the following two hundred years a knowledge of natural and mathematical science has accumulated, which so vastly exceeds all that was previously known that these sciences may be justly regarded as the products of our own times—are questions which have interested the modern philosopher not less than the objects with which these sciences are more immediately conversant. Was it the employment of a new method of research, or in the exercise of greater virtue in the use of the old methods, that this singular modern phenomenon had its origin? Was the long period one of arrested development, and is the modern era one of normal growth? Or should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to so-called historical accidents—to the influence of conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanation is possible, save in the omnipotence and wisdom of a guiding Providence? The explanation which has become commonplace, that the ancients employed deduction chiefly in their scientific inquiries, while the moderns employ induction, proves to be too narrow, and fails upon close examination to point with sufficient distinctness the contrast that is evident between ancient and modern scientific doctrines and inquiries. For all knowledge is founded on observation, and proceeds

from this by analysis, by synthesis and analysis, by induction and deduction, and if possible by verification, or by new appeals to observation under the guidance of deduction—by steps which are indeed correlative parts of one method; and the ancient sciences afford examples of every one of these methods, or parts of one method, which have been generalized from the examples of science. A failure to employ or to employ adequately any one of these partial methods, an imperfection in the arts and resources of observation and experiment, carelessness in observation, neglect of relevant facts, by appeal to experiment and observation—these are the faults which cause all failures to ascertain truth, whether among the ancients or the moderns; but this statement does not explain why the modern is possessed of a greater virtue, and by what means he attained his superiority. Much less does it explain the sudden growth of science in recent times. The attempt to discover the explanation of this phenomenon in the antithesis of “facts” and “theories” or “facts” and “ideas”—in the neglect among the ancients of the former, and their too exclusive attention to the latter—proves also to be too narrow, as well as open to the charge of vagueness. For in the first place, the antithesis is not complete. Facts and theories are not coordinate species. Theories, if true, are facts—a particular class of facts indeed, generally complex, and if a logical connection subsists between their constituents, have all the positive attributes of theories. Nevertheless, this distinction, however inadequate it may be to explain the source of true method in science, is well founded, and connotes an important character in true method. A fact is a proposition of simple. A theory, on the other hand, if true has all the characteristics of a fact, except that its verification is possible only by indirect, remote, and difficult means. To convert theories into facts is to add simple verification, and the theory thus acquires the full characteristics of a fact. 1. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is

[A]. Philosophy of mathematics. [B]. The Recent Growth in Science. [C]. The Verification of Facts. [D]. Methods of Scientific Inquiry. 2. According to the author, one possible reason for the growth of science during the days of the ancient Greeks and in modern times is [A]. the similarity between the two periods. [B]. that it was an act of God. [C]. that both tried to develop the inductive method. [D]. due to the decline of the deductive method. 3. The difference between “fact” and “theory” [A]. is that the latter needs confirmation. [B]. rests on the simplicity of the former. [C]. is the difference between the modern scientists and the ancient Greeks. [D]. helps us to understand the deductive method. 4. According to the author, mathematics is [A]. an inductive science. [B]. in need of simple verification. [C]. a deductive science. [D]. based on fact and theory. 5. The statement “Theories are facts” may be called. [A]. a metaphor. [B]. a paradox. [C]. an appraisal of the inductive and deductive methods. [D]. a pun. Section B. (10 points) What we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry, art, or mathematics during pregnancy seem utterly impossible. How could such extremely complex

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