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2009年山东青岛科技大学基础英语考研真题.doc
2009 年山东青岛科技大学基础英语考研真题
I. Vocabulary. (20 points)
Directions: In this section, there are twenty incomplete sentences. For each
sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that
best completes the sentence.
1. In principle, a person whose conduct was caused by mental disorder should not
be liable to criminal ___________.
A. identification
B. punishment
C. investigation
D. commitment
2. The government has therefore agreed to pay authorities extra sums to __________
for their financial losses.
A. make up
B. turn up
C. fill in
D. lean on
3. In 400 A. D. Chinese children played with a fan-like toy that span upwards and
fell back to earth as __________ ceased.
A．emission
B. motivation
C. rotation
D. suspension
4. As a good photographer, you must develop an awareness of the world around you
and the people who ___________ it.
A. integrate
B. inherit
C. innovate
D. inhabit
5. What a _________ to see these two men sitting down to discuss peace after so many
years of being at war with each other.
A. basis
C. paradox
B. similarity
D. paradise
6. At the memorial service, the priest paid __________ to the professor’s outstanding
contribution to medical science.
A. recognition
B. attention
C. tribute
D. acknowledgement
7. He was __________ admittance to the very formal party for not being dressed
properly.
A. denied
B. unnoticed
C. ignored
D. rejected
8. I could see a car in the distance, but I couldn’t ___________ what color it was.
A. see through
B. make out
C. look out
D. take in
9. Good lighting in factories leads to greater comfort, higher ____________ and
productivity, fewer mistakes and accidents.
A. profusion
B. proficiency
C. craft
D. efficiency
10. Corruption in the running of the city’s largest bank was ___________ in People’
s Daily yesterday.
A. detected
B. detested
C. exposed
D. discovered
11. Dreams are ____________ in and of themselves, but, when combined with other data,
they can tell us much about the dreamer.
A. uninformative
B. startling
C. harmless
D. unregulated
12. The commission criticized the legislature for making college attendance
dependent on the ability to pay, charging that, as a result, hundreds of qualified
young people would be __________ further education.
A. entitled to
D. uninterested in
B. striving for
C. deprived of
13. Freud derived psychoanalytic knowledge of childhood indirectly: he ___________
childhood process from adult ____________.
A. reconstructed… memory
C. incorporated … behavior
B. condoned… experience
D. released … monotony
14. Exposure to sustained noise has been claimed to ___________ blood pressure in
human beings and, particularly, to increase hypertension, even though some
researchers have obtained inclusive results that ____________ the relationship.
A. sharpen … conflate
C. disrupt … neutralize
B. increase … diminish
D. impair … obscure
15. Our times seem especially ___________ to bad ideas, probably because in throwing
off the shackles of tradition, we have ended up being quite ___________ untested
theories and untried remedies.
A. impervious … tolerant of
C. hospitable … vulnerable to
B. hostile … dependent on
D. prone … wary of
16. Many of the earliest colonial houses that are still standing have been so modified
and enlarged that the ___________ design is no longer ___________.
A. pertinent … relevant
C. intended … necessary
D. appropriate … applicable
B. initial … discernable
17. Because no comprehensive ___________ exist regarding personal reading practices,
we do not know, for example, the greatest number of books read in an individual
lifetime.
A. instincts
D. proposals
C. remedies
B. records
18. Since many casual smokers develop lung cancer and many __________ smokers do
not, scientists believe that individuals differ in their ___________ the
cancer-causing agents known to be present in cigarette smoke.
A. heavy … susceptibility to
C. habitual … proximity to
D. devoted … reliance upon
B. chronic … concern about
19. Owners of a legal right to a book may __________ their right to someone else
through a written contract.
A. imitate
B. document
C. change
D. transfer
20. People of some culture who move to a country where another culture dominates
may __________ their old ways and become part of the dominant culture.
A. take up
B. look back at
C. clear away
D. give up
II. Paraphrase the following sentences. (20 points)
1. The seller, on the other hand, makes a point of protesting that the price he is
charging is depriving him all profit.
2. The very act of stepping on this soil, in breathing this air of Hiroshima, was
for me a far greater adventure than any trip or any reportorial assignment I’
d previously taken.
3. If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil
in the House of Commons.
4. Mark Twain participated abundantly in this life.
5. Now I was involved in a trial reported the world over.
III. Point out the figures of speech used in the following sentences. (10 points)
1. He swam bravely against the tide of popular applause.
2. The young moon lies on her back tonight as is her habit in the tropics, and,
as I think, is suitable if not seemly for virgin.
3. I had no temptation to take a flying holiday to the South.
4. My very thoughts were like the ghostly rustle of dead.
5. He is too fond of the bottle.
6. The world is a stage.
7. As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.
8. The legs could hardly keep up with the tanks.
9. She was beautiful—her beauty made the bright world dim.
10. My only love sprung from my only hate.
IV. Error detection. (20 points)
Directions: Inthispart,therearetensentences.Eachsentencehasfourunderlined
words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase
that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
1. Max never will have let her know his secret if he had thought she would use it
to get him into
A
B
trouble.
C
D
2. Stone carvings indicate that the Sumerians, who lived in
at least 5, 000
it is now Iraq, boxed
A
years ago.
B
C
D
3. To control quality and making decisions about production are among the many
responsibilities of
A
B
C
an industrial engineer.
D
4. His recommendation that the Air Force investigates the UFO sighting was approved
by the
A
B
C
commission and referred to the appropriate committee.
D
5. It is said that Einstein felt very badly about the application of his theories
to the creation of
A
B
C
weapons of war.
D
6. You will almost always find Caroline playing a video game because she enjoys to
be challenged.
A
B
C
D
7. The amount of pressure which the materials are subject to affect the quality of
the products.
A
B
C
D
8. On the whole, ambitious students are much likely to succeed in their studies than
are those with
A
little ambition.
B
C
D
9. Because they usually receive the same score on standardized examinations, there
is often
A
disagreement as to whom is the better student, Bill or John.
B
C
D
10. Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more
expensive than,
A
B
that at the other store.
D
C
V. Reading comprehension. (30 points)
Directions: Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome
questions,andforeachquestiontherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choose
the best one and then write your choice on the answer sheet.
Passage One
Among the many ways in which people communicate through speech, public speaking
has probably received more study and attracted more attention than any other.
Politicians campaigning for public office, salespeople presenting products, and
preachers delivering sermons all depend upon this form of public communication. Even
people who do not make speaking a part of their daily work are often asked to make
public speeches: students at graduation, for instance, or members of churches, clubs,
or other organizations. Nearly everyone speaks in public at some time or other, and
those who perform the task well often become leaders.
There are many reasons for speaking in public. A public speaker may hope to teach
an audience about new ideas, for example, or provide information about some topic.
Creating a good feeling or entertaining an audience may be another purpose. Public
speakers, however, most often seek to persuade an audience to adopt new opinions,
to take certain actions, or to see the world in a new way.
Public speakers usually know how well in advance when they are scheduled to make
an address. Consequently, they are able to prepare their message before they deliver
it. Sometimes, though, speakers must deliver the message unprepared, or off the cuff,
such as when they are asked to offer a toast at a wedding reception or to participate
in a televised debate or interview.
When they do not have to speak unpreparedly, most speakers writes their own
speeches. Politicians and business executives sometimes employ professional writers
who prepare their speeches for them. These professional writers may work alone or
in small teams. Although the speaker may have some input into the contents of the
speech, the writers sometimes have a great influence over the opinions expressed
by their employers. Regardless of how a speech is prepared, the person who delivers
it is given credit for its effect upon its hearers.
1. Public speaking is well known to the average people because _____________.
A. most of them have been trained as public speakers
B. most of them have been audience of such activities
C. most of them have to do it when they study at college
D. the passage does not mention the reason
2. Which of the following is rarely the purpose of public speaking?
A. To influence people’s ideas and behavior.
B. To enjoy the satisfaction from one’s own speech.
C. To persuade the audience to accept an idea.
D. To promote public interest.
3. In Paragraph 3, the expression “deliver the message off the cuff” means
____________.
A. speak at a large reception
B. speak on television
C. speak according to the schedule
D. speak without preparation
4. The speech prepared by a secretary for his boss _____________.
A. is very professional and tactful
B. expresses the secretary’s ideas of the matter
C. expresses the boss’s ideas of the matter
D. expresses the ideas of both
5. No matter who writes a speech, the audience _____________.
A. believe it expresses the speaker’s idea
B. know very well whom the speaker is
C. know whose ideas the speech really expresses
D. do not believe what the speaker says
Passage Two
A prominent group of British university teachers this week called on the funding
councils to stop supporting low-quality research and put more money into improving
university teaching instead. The National Academic Policy Advisory Group, which
includes members from the Royal Society, the Royal Academy of Engineering and the
Conference of Medical Royal College, insists that all research money should be spent
on world-class work.
The funding council’s Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) judges the quality of
research carried out in individual university departments, and rates it on a scale
of 1 to 5. In the last assessment, in 1992, departments ranked as low as 2 received
funding. The group says this should not happen in this year’s exercise. Funding
councils have not yet announced how they will distribute money from now on.
In a report called Research Capability of the University System launched this
week the group claims that funds are needed to pay for the“professional development”
of university teachers who are not active in research, to help them keep up with
their subject and improve the courses they teach.
It recommends that about 50 millions, including money which is currently used
to fund research in departments ranked at level 2, should be used to pay for this.
It advises that the money should go only to those departments that are not competing
for research money through the RAE.
The group believes that some universities have been expanding their research
departments in order to attract research money. Some universities, it claims, are
better suited to teaching than research, and should be encouraged to develop their
expertise as educators.
“There’s no use pretending that 104 universities should have the same job in
life,” says David Harrison, master of Selwyn College, Cambridge, who chaired the
group. “A university could have some departments that are strong on research and
others that are known for their top grade teaching,” he says.
But some people have some doubts about the group’s recommendations. “It seems
to be about developing further the distinction between research and non-research
universities,” says Paul Cottrell of the Association of University Teachers. “If
professional development money is a good idea, then it’s a good idea for all
university teachers.”
6. The National Academic Policy Advisory Group says that the money should be given
to _____________.
A. all the teachers
B. the best researchers
C. the best teachers
D. the needy universities
7. Which of the following assesses the research quality of university departments
on the scale of 1 to 5?
A. RAE
B. The group
C. Funding councils
D. University teachers
8. Why does the group demand the changes in the distribution of the funds?
A. To hold back funds for level 2 departments
B. To help the teachers not active in research
C. To encourage some teachers to be better educators
D. To attract research money
9. What does David Harrison mean when he says “the same job” (Paragraph 6)?
A. All university teachers should do research.
B. Some teachers should be supported to teach better.
C. Universities are pretending to do the same job.
D. Teachers should teach well
10. Why will the call for a change in the use of the funds be opposed?
A. Funding councils like to distribute the money the same way as usual.
B. Teachers engaged in research will be too powerful.
C. Top-grade teaching is already well under way.
D. More differences will not be appreciated between research and non-research
universities.
Passage Three
The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast
journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most
of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism
and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how to” aspects of
journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its
context, and implications. Much of the “how to” materials is based on personal
experience and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields,
much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study
brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.
There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in
journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted
to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well
as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have
been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical
aspects of the interview as well as the training attention to the journalistic
interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with
the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems
likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in
a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of
interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview,
such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the
professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary
for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar
situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been
interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we
have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles
as readers, listeners, interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as
this book indicates.
11. The main idea of the first paragraph is that _______________.
A. generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern
for writers on
journalism
B. importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic
interviewing
C. concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to
journalistic interviewing
D. personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from
journalistic interviews.
12. Much research has been done on interviews in general ____________.
A. so the training of journalistic interviews has likewise been strengthened
B. though the study of the interviewing techniques hasn’t received much
attention
C. but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been
neglected
D. and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic
interviewing
13. Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview, ____________.
A. but most of them wish to stay away from it
B. and many of them hope to be interviewed some day
C. and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it
D. but most of them may not have been interviewed in person
14. Who is the interviewee in a clinical interview?
A. The patient.
B. The physician
C. The journalist
D. The psychologist
15. The passage is most likely a part of _____________.
A. a new article
B. a research report
C. a journalistic interview
D. a preface
VI. Translate the following two paragraphs into Chinese. (20 points)
1. Fatigue is one of the most common complaints brought to doctors, friends and
relatives. The cause of modern–day fatigue are diverse and only rarely related
to excess physical exertion. The relatively few who do heavy labor all day long
almost never complain about being tired, perhaps because they expected to be. Today,
physicians report, tiredness is more likely a consequence of under-exertion than
of wearing yourself down with over-activity. In fact, increased physical activity
is often prescribed as a cure for sinking energy.
2. His job was complicated at the outset by the fact that the Resistance Movements
in the south were in no hurry to acknowledge his leadership while in the north they
were too weak, scattered to be able to judge for themselves.
VII. Writing. (30 points)
Directions: Inthispartyouaretowriteacompositionofnolessthan300words.
Presentyour views on thetopic below,using relevant reasonsand/ or examplesto
support your views:
Productivity of team work and individual competition
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