卫星链路理算软件Satmaster使用手册.docx

发布时间：2022-06-16 发布人：admin 分类：说明书资料大小：0.06M 资料格式：docx 举报版权申诉

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上下行部分

Site Name / Location

Site Latitude

Site Longitude

Altitude of Site

Frequency

Polarization

Signal Availability

Antenna Aperture

Antenna Efficiency

Coupling loss

Antenna misspointing loss

LNB Noise Figure (LNB Noise Temperature)

Antenna noise temperature

Adjacent Channel Interference C/ACI

Adjacent Satellite Interference C/ASI

Cross Polarization Interference C/XPI

Earth Station HPA Output Back-Off

Number of HPA Carriers

HPA Intermodulation Interference C/IM

Uplink Power Control / Manual Power Boost

雨衰Rain models

卫星部分satellite

Transponder Type Radio Buttons

Satellite Name

Satellite Longitude

Satellite G/T

Satellite Saturation PFD(SFD)

Satellite Attenuator Pad Setting

Satellite ALC

Satellite EIRP (saturation)

Transponder Bandwidth

Transponder Input Back-off (IBO)

Transponder Output Back-off (OBO)

Transponder Intermodulation Interference C/IM

Number of Carriers Sharing Transponder

载波和调制部分 Carrier and Modulation

Service name

Coverage

Required Overall Eb/No

Information rate

Overhead

Forward error correction.

Spreading Gain

RS Code

1+Rolloff factor

Carrier Spacing Factor

Bandwidth Allocation Step Size

System Margin

Edit Digital Modulation Method

Edit Bit Error Rate

Transponder Power Usage

Downlink Optimization Radio Buttons

Calculate 计算

Using the Expression Evaluator

Entering the Expression

Output Format

Mathematical Errors

Degree Mode

Radian Mode

Convert D:M:S: To Degrees Form

Convert Degrees to D:M:S

Estimate Antenna Noise

Calculate Noise Figure Form

Calculate Noise Temperature Form

Calculate Beamwidth Form

Amplitude

Frequency

Antenna Aperture

Calculate Wavelength Form

Carsons's Rule Form

Digital Bandwidth Calculator

Signal Availability Form

Focal Distance Form

Antenna Aperture

f/D Ratio

Focal Distance (f/D not known)

Antenna aperture

Measured Dish Depth

Power Spectral Density Form

HPA Power at Output Flange

Bandwidth

Off Axis Gain Form

Boresight Antenna Gain

Frequency

Antenna aperture

Off-axis Angle

Template Envelope

Calculate C/Im Improvement

Transponder Bandwidth

Number of Carriers Sharing Transponder

Occupied Bandwidth Per Carrier

Digital Radio Button

FM Radio Button

Design Wind Speed

Dish Centre to Base Frame Distance

Pole to Frame Edge Distance

Total Assembly Weight

Major Diameter

Minor Diameter

Antenna Type

Solar Outage Batch Process (Multiple Sites)

Overview of Sun Outage Batch Processes

World Time Zones

Solar Outage Batch File Format

Text Filename

Satellite Name

Satellite Longitude

Year of Interest

Frequency

Season

Beamwidth Option

Resolution

Solar Outage Process All Visible Satellites

Solar Outage Batch Process (Multiple Satellites)

上下行部分 Site Name / Location Enter the literal name of the site where the earth station is located up to a maximum of 40 characters (18 for country data files) Example input for country data files (18 characters maximum) "Liverpool" Example input for all other forms (40 characters maximum) "Liverpool, Merseyside, England." 基站名称输入基站所处位置的名称，最多 40 个字母。国家数据文件名举例（最多 18 个字母）：liverpool 其他格式输入举例："Liverpool, Merseyside, England." Site Latitude Enter the latitude of the site where the earth station is located. This must be entered in decimal degrees with the suffix N for north and S for South. No spaces are allowed. Examples 53.33N or 27.89S Important Note: in degrees and minutes When entering data into country data files latitudes are required format as obtained from maps and atlases. In this case the fractional part represents the number of minutes and cannot exceed 59. In all other cases input in decimal degrees are assumed. A conversion facility is provided under the calculate menu. 基站纬度输入地面站的纬度。必须以小数后跟 N 或 S 表示。不能输入空格。比如 53.33N 或 27.89S 注意事项当输入国家数据文件时纬度需要以地图上的度和分为单位。这种情况下，小数部分为分的表示，不能超过 59。在其他情况下，都是以度来表示的。Caculate 菜单中有一个转换工具。 Site Longitude Enter the longitude of the site where the earth station is located. This must be entered in decimal degrees with the suffix W for west and E for East. No spaces are allowed. Examples 3.00W or 29.79E Important Note:

When entering data into country data files longitudes are required in degrees and minutes format as obtained from maps and atlases. In this case the fractional part represents the number of minutes and cannot exceed 59. In all other cases input in decimal degrees are assumed. A conversion facility is provided under the calculate menu. 基站经度输入基站的经度。必须以小数后跟 E 或 W 表示。不能输入空格。比如 3.00W 或 29.79E 注意事项当输入国家数据文件时纬度需要以地图上的度和分为单位。这种情况下，小数部分为分的表示，不能超过 59。在其他情况下，都是以度来表示的。Caculate 菜单中有一个转换工具。 Altitude of Site Enter the altitude of the earth station above sea level. This is primarily used in the calculation of rain attenuation and atmospheric absorption. The units are kilometres. 5.0 km is the maximum altitude allowed. Enter zero if you will prefer a slightly pessimistic worst case link budget calculation. 基站海拔输入基站的海拔。这主要是用来计算雨衰和大气吸收值，单位是千米。最大允许输入的海拔为 5km。如果需要比较悲观链路预算可以输入 0。 Frequency 频率 Enter the centre frequency of the carrier in GHz. For the uplink, typical values are around 6GHz and 14GHz for C and Ku band respectively. For the downlink, values of 4GHz and 12GHz are typical. The accepted range is 1GHz to 50GHz 输入上行载波的中心频率，以 Ghz 为单位。典型 C 波段和 Ku 波段的值为 6GHz 和 14GHz。下行的典型频率为 4Ghz 和 12GHz。可输入的范围为 1Ghz 到 50GHz。 Polarization This is simply the polarization system adopted by the wanted satellite transponder and is either linear (ie vertical & horizontal) or circular. Enter the letter "V" for vertical polarization, "H" for horizontal polarization or "C" for circular polarization. 极化这就是所需卫星转发器的极化方式，可以选线性（垂直和水平）或圆极化。输入“V”为垂直极化，“H”为水平极化，“C”为圆极化。

Signal Availability Depending on your system design requirements a choice of signal availability should be specified. For typical domestic satellite TV systems, a figure of 99.5% availability is normally sufficient. In fact most packaged fixed dish systems are designed around this figure. For SMATV you may require a higher figure of 99.9% and cable head even higher. The upper limit provided is 99.999% but this level of performance is rarely necessary or even achievable. The parameter is used in calculating an appropriate fade margin based on the rain-rate statistics for the site. If you like to work with "worst month" statistics a conversion to "average year" signal availability is provided under the "Calculate" menu. With link budgets using uplink power control systems a higher availability is often specified for the uplink than the downlink. 信号可用度（年平均）根据你的系统设计需求，信号可用度应该是确定的。典型的国内 TV 系统，这个数到 99.5% 为宜。实际上大多集成的碟形天线系统按照这个数字设计。SMATV（卫星公共接收电视）需要高到 99.9%的可用度，电视终端机则更高。最高可以设为 99.999%但是这种程度的可用度不常用也不可行。这个数值经常用来计算合适的雨衰。如果你愿意通过“worstmonth 最糟糕的一个月”数值转换为年平均信号可用度，可以通过 Calculatec 菜单下的工具进行换算。如果链路使用上行功率控制系统，经常要设置一个较高的系统可用度。 Antenna Aperture Antenna aperture is normally taken as the overall diameter of a parabolic dish, the major dimension if an offset focus antenna. Units are always metric (in metres) to conform to international engineering practice. The lower limit handled is 0.2 metres and the highest 50 metres. 天线口径通常是抛物线天线的直径，偏馈天线的主要直径。单位都是米。最少为 0.2 米，最大为 50 米。 Antenna Efficiency Antenna efficiency is the amount of incident signal actually collected by the dish and feed, expressed as a percentage. Quality of construction, signal blockage by head units, and method of feed affects this parameter. Most antennas have efficiencies of between 60% and 70%. If you do not know the efficiency of the antenna then enter 60% as a worst case value. With link budget and dual feed forms, the value entered may be prefixed with a "+" character so the value will be interpreted as a gain, in dBi, rather than efficiency. 天线效率天线效率就是入射信号呗反射面和馈源收集到得数量，表示为一个百分比。建设施工质量，前馈部分的遮挡还有馈源材料会影响这项参数。多数天线的效率在 60-70%之间。如果你不

知道则输入 60%作为最悲观估计在链路预算和双馈形式中，这个值必须加一个“+”前缀以便程序将其解读为增益，以 dBi 为单位，而不是天线效率。 Coupling loss This parameter is the total loss due to the insertion of waveguide components and polarizers. Values are expected in dB and are typically in the order of 0.3dB. You should add all the insertion losses of waveguide components, such as OMTs and polarizers, that you intend to use. 耦合衰减这个数值是波导原件、偏振器引起的一切衰减。单位是 dB，典型值为 0.3dB。你应该输入整体的波导元器件的衰减，如 OMT 和偏振器。 Antenna misspointing loss This parameter allows for the pointing loss between the ground station antenna and the satellite antenna. It is unlikely in practice that the antenna will be targeted exactly due to initial installation errors, factors such as the stability due to wind and the station keeping accuracy of the satellite. A large antenna, having a narrow beamwidth and being relatively unstable in wind inherit a disadvantage over a small one. A typical allowance for mispointing is 0.3 dB. This may need to be increased to 0.5dB for very large antennas particularly in windy areas. 天线偏离损耗这个数值是对星不准引起的地面站和卫星间的损耗。实际中因为初始安装误差，很难将天线完全对准卫星，如风稳和地面保持精度等因素。大型天线发射窄波束时会相对于小天线更加不稳定。典型值为 0.3dB。大型天线处于多风地带的话可能需要加到 0.5dB. LNB Noise Figure (LNB Noise Temperature) The default interpretation of this input parameter is Noise Figure. However, if you prefix the input value with a '+' character it will be automatically interpreted as a Noise Temperature instead. It is conventional to quote the noise figure of an LNB in dB for Ku and Ka bands and the equivalent noise temperature in Kelvin for S and C bands. It is usually more difficult and expensive to achieve low noise figures the higher the frequency. For Ku-band low cost LNB's are in the range 0.8dB to 1.0dB or 30K for C band. Note: We use the term "LNB" in the generic sense here, LNA, LNC etc is equally valid.

LNB 噪声默认的解读法是读为噪声因数，但如果在数值前加上“+”号则程序将其读为噪声温度。通常使用噪声因数表示 Ku 和 Ka 波段的 LNB 噪声，噪声温度表示。频率越高，通常来讲就越难以达到很低的噪声。比如 Ku 波段比较便宜的 LNB 噪声都是在 0.8-1.0dB，C 波段的通常为 30K。 Antenna noise temperature A value for the antenna noise temperature is often quoted in manufacturer's specifications. The total noise temperature of the antenna depends mainly on the following factors: 1) Sky Noise The total antenna noise, Tant = Tsky+Tgnd. The sky noise, Tsky, consists of two main components, absorption and the background 'big bang' radiation (2.7K). Since the atmosphere is an absorbing medium it must be a noise source so sky noise increases with decreasing elevation due to the longer path through the atmosphere. 2) Ground Noise The dominant contribution to antenna noise at low elevations is ground noise pick up through side lobes. Noise temperature increases as the elevation angle decreases since the antenna will pick up more ground noise due to side lobes intercepting the ground (diffraction effects at the antenna rim). This may be reduced by various methods of feed illumination and the dish design itself. A deep dish picks up less ground noise at lower elevations than do shallow ones also prime focus mounted head units will add to noise since it is "seen" at the same temperature as the Earth. Estimating Antenna Noise Temperature Since antenna noise temperature has so many variable factors, an estimate is perhaps the best we can hope for. In the absence of a specific manufacturer supplied figure, a reasonable estimate may be obtained by selecting Calculate|Estimate Antenna Noise Temperature from the menu. 天线噪声温度天线的噪声温度通常标注在厂家的说明书中。天线的总噪声主要受以下几个方面影响： 1）天电噪声。天线的总噪声=天电噪声+地电噪声。天天电噪声，Tsky，包含两部分，空气吸收和大爆炸背景辐射。因为大气是一种（电磁波）吸收媒介所以肯定会有噪声。所以海拔降低大气噪声就会增加，因为在电磁波在大气中传播的更远。 2）大地噪声。在低仰角的情况下对天线噪声影响最大的是旁瓣吸收的大地噪声。天线仰角降低，大地噪声就升高（天线的衍射效果）。它有可能通过馈源和反射面的特殊设计而减小。比较凹的天线反射面会减少大地噪声，而天线头部分也会增加噪声，因为它也可以看作和大地有一样的噪声。估算天线噪声温度因为天线噪声温度受很多因素影响，我们只好算出一个估计值。如果没有厂家提供的参数，使用 Calculate->Estimate Antenna Noise Temperature 进行计算。

Adjacent Channel Interference C/ACI 相邻信道干扰 Enter a value for the carrier to adjacent-carrier interference noise ratio C/ACI in dB. This parameter specifies the expected interference level with respect to the wanted carrier. A typical value to enter for either uplink or downlink is between 24 and 30dB. Some link programs do not use this parameter so if you wish to void it enter 60dB or more. Note that the higher this value is in dB, the lower the interference. 输入一个相邻信道干扰噪声 C/ACI，以 dB 为单位。这个参数指定一个所需载波的干扰程度。上行和下行的典型值在 24-30dB 之间。很多工程不需要这些参数，如果不希望考虑它，输入 60dB 以上的值。注意这个值越高表示干扰越小。 Adjacent Satellite Interference C/ASI 相邻卫星干扰 Enter a value for the carrier to adjacent satellite interference noise ratio due to interfering signals to/from adjacent satellites in dB. This parameter specifies the expected interference noise with respect to the wanted carrier..A typical value to enter here for either uplink or downlink is between 18 and 30dB. Note that the higher this value is in dB, the lower the interference. 输入一个相邻卫星干扰噪声 C/ASI，以 dB 为单位。这个参数指定一个所需载波的干扰程度。上行和下行的典型值在 18-30dB 之间。注意这个值越高表示干扰越小。 Cross Polarization Interference C/XPI 极化干扰 Enter a value for the carrier to cross polarization interference noise ratio C/XPI in dB. This parameter specifies the expected interference level with respect to the wanted carrier. A typical value to enter here for either uplink or downlink is between 24 and 30dB. Note that the higher this value is in dB, the lower the interference. 输入一个交叉极化干扰噪声 C/XPI，以 dB 为单位。这个参数指定一个所需载波的干扰程度。上行和下行的典型值在 24-30dB 之间。注意这个值越高表示干扰越小。 Earth Station HPA Output Back-Off 地球站高功放输出回退 To reduce uplink interference it is customary to back off the output of the earth station HPA. This trade-off leads to a higher HPA power capability being required. Typical values range from 1 to 7dB.

为了防止上行的噪声一般要对地球站的高功放进行回退。这种权衡的做法会导致需求功放的功率变大。典型值在 1-7dB 之间。 Number of HPA Carriers 高功率放大器载波数量 Enter the number of carriers simultaneously transmitted by the uplink earth station HPA. Normally this is set to 1 unless you need to size the HPA for multiple carriers. This has no effect other than to increase the HPA power requirement. 输入地球上行功率放大器同时传输的载波数量。如果不需要同时传多个载波的话就输入 1。这个数值只会影响功率放大器的功率需求。 HPA Intermodulation Interference C/IM 功放交调干扰 Enter a value for the intermodulation interference expected from the uplink earth station HPA. This parameter is sometimes neglected in many programs. If you wish to make this parameter effectively void enter 60dB or more.. Note that the higher this value is in dB, the lower the interference level. 输入一个上行功放交调干扰值，以 dB 为单位。很多工程不需要这些参数，如果不希望考虑它，输入 60dB 以上的值。注意这个值越高表示干扰越小。 Uplink Power Control / Manual Power Boost 上行功率控制/手动功率控制 Uplink Power Control (UPC) also known as Dynamic Carrier Control is used to compensate for instantaneous rain attenuation on the uplink. Enter the dynamic range of the system here. If UPC is not used or site diversity plans are in operation you can enter zero here. UPC systems usually require a high HPA power capability. 上行功率控制（UPC）又叫动态载波控制，是用来抵消上行偶尔的雨衰。输入动态的系统变化值。UPC 系统需要更大的功放功率。雨衰 Rain models Here you can select the rain model to use. Check the checkbox relevant to the model you wish to use. The ITU/DAH rain model is recommended since it is probably the most accurate model to date. The Crane models are also provided if you prefer them. You do not need to consult rainzone maps with the latter, the zones are determined automatically.

The ITU/DAH model employs a 1.5*1.5 degree lat/long grid of R0.01 rainfall data and uses bilinear interpolation to achieve an improved estimate for a location from it's grid neighbours. Although not normally necessary, a better accuracy may result with the ITU/DAH model if a localized R0.01 value is obtained. To use this, check the checkbox labelled "ITU mm/h" then enter your locally obtained R0.01 value into the input field below it. A value of zero may be input if you wish to temporarily remove any rain effects from the budget.. Note: This option is not available for items under the 'Graphs' and 'Tables' menus. Dual Fade Checkbox (only present on some link budget forms) Where uplink and downlink stations are separated by several km, it is not normally assumed there is a rainstorm on the uplink and downlink simultaneously as this is statistically unlikely. However, if the uplink and downlink are in the same city or an area which may be covered by a large tropical storm, you may like to check this checkbox so rain attenuation is calculated both on the uplink AND downlink simultaneously. In general, Ku band is not so suitable as C band for tropical regions due to high rain attenuation. 你可以在这里选择雨衰模型。选择相关的复选框即可。推荐使用 ITU/DAH 雨衰模型，因为它应该是最精确的模型。Crane 模型也可以使用，这种模型你无须寻找降雨地图，系统会自动计算。 ITU/DAH 使用 1.5*1.5 经纬度的方格来统计各地区的 R0.01 降雨数据，而且使用双线性插值法来得到更精确的估计。虽然通常不必要，但是如果有相关 r0.01 数据的话 ITU/DAH 是更精确的。点选 ITU mm/h 来手动输入 R0.01 值。如果不想计算雨衰值可以输入 0. 注：这个值是不能在 Graph 或者 Table 里面查的。双重雨衰选项（只有一部分链路预算需要）如果上下行站相距几千米，一般上行下行同时下雨的情况为统计上的不可能。但是如果上下行在同一个城市或者地区，可能受同一个降雨云影响，你可能需要计算上行和下行同时受到雨衰的影响的情况。因为雨衰，Ku 波段总体来讲不如 C 波段适合热带地区的通信。卫星部分 satellite Transponder Type Radio Buttons 转发器种类 These radio buttons set the transponder type, which can be either a TWTA (Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier) or SSPA (Solid State Power Amplifier). The default is TWTA. This is used in determining typical values for output back-off and transponder intermodulation interference if the AUTO mode is selected. 这个单选按钮设置转发器种类，可以是 TWTA(Travelling Wave Tube Amplifier)或 SSPA(Solid

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