2022 年北京高考英语真题及答案
本试卷共 11 页,共 100 分。考试时长 90 分钟。
考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答,在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用(共两节,30 分)
第一节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分,共 15 分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在
答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One Monday morning, while the children were enjoying “free play”, I stepped
tothe doorway of the classroom to take a break. Suddenly, I
1
a movement of
theheavy wooden door. This was the very door I
2
guided the children through
toensure their safety from the bitter cold. I felt a chill ( 寒意 ) go through my
body.
My legs carried me to that door, and I pushed it open. It was one of
mykindergarteners who I thought was
3
that day. He had been dropped off atschool
late and was
4
to open the door.
He must have been waiting there for quite a while! Without a word, I rushed him
tothe hospital. He was treated for frostbite on his hands. He’d need time to
5
,
andwouldn’t come for class the next day, I thought.
The next morning, one of the first to
Notonly did he run in with energy, but his
6
7
was my little frostbitten boy.
could be heard as loud as ever!
I gavehim a warm hug and told him how
8
I was to see him. His words have stayedwith
me all these years, “I knew you would open the door.”
That cold Monday morning, he waited a long, long while for adults to
9
.To
a child, every minute feels like forever. He didn’t attempt to walk back home;
hewaited and trusted. This five-year-old taught me a powerful lesson in
10
.
1.A.caused
B.spotted
C.checked
2 . A . hesitantly
B . randomly
D.carefully
3.A.angry
B.absent
C.special
4 . A . courageous
B . content
D.imagined
C . dizzily
D.noisy
C . unable
D.unwilling
5.A.recover
B.play
C.change
D.wait
6.A.settle
7.A.sneeze
8.A.lucky
B.gather
C.arrive
B.weep
B.happy
C.complaint
C.curious
9.A.show up
B.pull up
C.hold up
D.react
D.laughter
D.nervous
D.line
up
10 . A . gratitude
B . forgiveness
C . faith
D.kindness
第二节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分,共 15 分)
阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词,在给出
提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
Helen was walking down the street late
11
the evening, her arms filledwith
grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet fallingout
of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearfulthat
he might have an intention
12
(harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually,the
man
13
(catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
B
Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly
14
(support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easyto
explain how we determine
15
smells are dangerous or not: we learn. Thishas been
adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally
16
(have) no
recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we canraise the alarm
when we detect the smell associated with danger.
C
Since people can’t always eat out or cook for
17
(they), they get takeout
ororder delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste,
especiallyplastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of
18
are
only goodfor one use. That’s a big problem and it is getting even
19
(bad).
The use ofthose plastics
20
(increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t
survive ifthis situation continues.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,38 分)
第一节(共 14 小题;每小题 2 分,共 28 分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该
项涂黑。
A
Peer ( 同伴 ) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning
programmeavailable to students enrolled ( 注册 ) in most core units of study in our
business school.
PASS
involves
weekly
sessions
where
you
work
in
groups
to
tackle
speciallyprepared problem sets, based around a unit of study you’re enrolled in.
PASS doesn’t re-teach or deliver new content. It’s an opportunity to deepen
yourunderstanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying
yourskills to solve problems.
You work interactively with your peers. As a peer group, you decide what
iscovered in each session. That way, PASS directly responds to your needs and
feedback.
Registration in Term 2 will open at 9 am, 21 September 2022.
Waiting lists
If a session is full, you can register for the waiting list. We will email you
if a placebecomes available or if a new session is to be held.
When you are placed on a waiting list, we will email you a number which tells
youwhere you are on the list. If you are close to the front of the list, you have
a good chanceof gaining a place in the programme in the near future.
Deregistering
If you miss two PASS sessions in a row, you will be deregistered and your
placewill be given to someone on the waiting list. Make sure you fill in the
attendance sheetat each session to record your attendance.
You’ll be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of
missingsessions. If you believe you have received the email in error, email the PASS
office atpassoffice@umbs. edu.
21.In PASS, students ______.
A.attend new lectures
B.decide their own schedules
C.prepare problem sets in groups
D.use their skills to solve problems
22.What can students do if a session is full?
A.Fill in the attendance sheet.
B.Sign up for the waiting list.
C.Report their needs and feedback.
D.Email the office their numbers on the
list.
23.Students will be deregistered if ______.
A.they send emails in error
B.they fail to work interactively
C.they give their places to others
D.they miss two sessions in a row
B
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled
( 削弱 )my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost
a year Istruggled on, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist
tendencieswere the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which
obviously inlife is not possible, but it consumed me.
One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at
myhigh school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge
aninner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner
withhim and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to
speakone-on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This
firstcontact was where my story began.
A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife
Conference.Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely
opportunitiesthat my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more
confident Aliceenthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation,
applications to join theYouth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent
around through my highschool. I decided to commit to completing the applications,
and soon I was a part of agrowing global team of young people working to protect
nature. Each of these newsteps continued to grow my confidence.
I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that
mybiggest obstacle ( 障碍 ) this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the
back of myhead telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from
reaching theirpotential: I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait; I
say: grab everyopportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all,
nature does notrequire our patience, but our action.
24.What was the main cause for Alice’s anxiety?
A.Her inability to act her age.
B.Her habit of consumption.
C.Her desire to be perfect.
D.Her lack of inspiration.
25.How did Grant Brown’s presentation influence Alice?
A.She decided to do something for nature.
B.She tasted the sweetness of
friendship.
C.She learned about the harm of desire.
D.She built up her courage to speak
up.
26.The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more ______.
A . intelligent
B . confident
C . innovative
D.critical
27.What can we learn from this passage?
A.Practice makes perfect.
B.Patience is a cure of anxiety.
C.Action is worry’s worst enemy.
D.Everything comes to those who wait.
C
“What would the world be if there were no hunger?” It’s a question that
ProfessorCrystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote
later, becauseimagining something that isn’t part of real life—and learning how
to make it real—is arare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much
less often to scientists. Crystalset out to change that, and helped to create a global
movement. The result—an approachknown as systems thinking—is now seen as essential
in meeting global challenges.
Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and
betternutrition because it requires considering the way in which food is produced,
processed,delivered and consumed, and looking at how those things intersect ( 交
叉 ) with humanhealth, the environment, economics and society. According to systems
thinking,changing the food system—or any other network—requires three things to
happen. First,researchers need to identify all the players in that system; second,
they must work outhow they relate to each other; and third, they need to understand
and quantify the impactof those relationships on each other and on those outside
the system.
Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food security, the number
ofundernourished (营养不良) people in the world has been rising, despite great
advances innutrition science. Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been
important in revealingthe relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the
occurrence
of
common
diseases.But
using
machine
learning
and
artificial
intelligence, some scientists propose thathuman diets consist of at least 26,000
biochemicals—and that the vast majority are notknown.
A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption
thateveryone in the system has equal power. But as some researchers find, the food
systemis not an equal one. A good way to redress ( 修正 ) such power imbalance is
for moreuniversities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using
a systemsapproach.
More researchers, policymakers and representatives from the food industry
mustlearn to look beyond their direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems
approach.Crystal knew that visions alone don’t produce results, but concluded that
“we’ll neverproduce results that we can’t envision”.
28.The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to ______.
A.illustrate an argument
B.highlight an opinion
C.introduce the topic
D.predict the ending
29.What can be inferred about the field of nutrition?
A.The first objective of systems thinking hasn’t been achieved.
B.The relationships among players have been clarified.
C.Machine learning can solve the nutrition problem.
D.The impact of nutrition cannot be quantified.
30.As for systems thinking, which would the author agree with?
A.It may be used to justify power imbalance.
B.It can be applied to tackle challenges.
C.It helps to prove why hunger exists.
D.It goes beyond human imagination.
D
Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has
beensending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the
biggestchallenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two
quantum-computingexperts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as
someone who helps keepthe field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory
curiosity.Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many
smallerones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure
cancer, andeven take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This
is the sort of hype( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are
making promises they can’tkeep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions
of dollars are now potentiallyavailable to quantum computing researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers
maymislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about
their work’spotential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might
give way to doubt,disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other
technologies have gone throughstages of excitement. But something about quantum
computing makes it especiallyprone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because
“‘quantum’ stands for something coolyou shouldn’t be able to understand.” And
that brings me back to Taylor, who suggestedthat I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He
alsoanswered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016.
Taylorshares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply
toPyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin
( 幅度 )”to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful
problem that wewould not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will
naturally discountmy opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively
comparing what we are doingwith others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”,
asTaylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone
elseto invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.
31.Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ______.
A.sympathetic B.unconcernedC.doubtful D.excited
32.What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?
A.His dominance in physics.B.The competition in the field.
C.His confidence in PyQuantum.D.The investment of tech companies.
33.What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A.Open. B.Cool.C.Useful. D.Resistant.
34.Which would be the best title for the passage?
A.Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?
B.Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?
C.Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?
D.Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分,共 10 分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将
该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to
variouspressures, we tend to ignore our health. 35
It is the fitness level of our
bodythat helps us fight these diseases.
36
We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthywe
shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health
is thestate of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have
a weakbody, which is ready to be targeted by viruses.
37
This does not
definitelymean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in
accordance with our ageand the climatic conditions we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.
38
Forinstance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There
aredifferent levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them
according toour own health and age.
Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six
to eighthours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune ( 免疫 ) system
and protectsus against diseases.
39
This, in turn, gives us new goals of health
and fitness.
A.Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
B.Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C.It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G.This makes our body suffer and we catch lifestyle and other diseases.
第三部分书面表达(共两节,32 分)
第一节(共 4 小题;第 40、41 题各 2 分,第 42 题 3 分,第 43 题 5 分,共 12 分)
阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur ( 创业者 ), witnessed at his
ownschool the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had
to be abetter portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw
in hisown home: fruit infused ( 浸泡 ) water.
Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for
atake-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better
drinkoptions, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to