ArcHydro中文操作手册.pdf

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ArcHydro Tools 操作手册 Esri 中国（北京）有限公司 2012 年 05 月

文档版本信息版本日期修改说明小组成员审批/日期 V1.0 2012-05-10 创建童飞、杨永坡、张明、汪冬燕

目录 1 介绍 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6 2 目标 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7 3 软件需求 .................................................................................................................................................................. 7 3.1 ARCVIEW 环境下使用 ARCHYDRO 的注意事项 ............................................................................................. 7 3.2 安装 ARCHYDRO............................................................................................................................................... 11 3.3 设置矢量数据默认的存储类型 ................................................................................................................. 16 3.4 工具使用的默认临时工作区间 ................................................................................................................. 18 3.5 数据集设置 .................................................................................................................................................... 18 3.6 手册使用的数据 ........................................................................................................................................... 19 4 TERRAIN PREPROCESSING/地形预处理 ........................................................................................................... 22 4.1 DEM MANIPULATION /DEM 操作 .................................................................................................................... 23 4.1.1 Level DEM/填平 DEM............................................................................... 24 4.1.2 DEM Reconditioning/DEM 修正................................................................ 25 4.1.3 Assign Stream Slope/指定河流坡度 ......................................................... 26 4.1.4 Burn Stream Slope/DEM 中烧入河流坡度................................................ 28 4.1.5 Build Walls/筑墙 ...................................................................................... 29 4.1.6 Sink Prescreening/汇审核 ........................................................................ 32 4.1.7 Sink Evaluation/汇评估 ............................................................................ 33 4.1.8 Depression Evaluation/洼地评估 .............................................................. 35 4.1.9 Sink Selection/汇选择集 .......................................................................... 36 4.1.10 Fill Sinks/填充汇 .................................................................................... 39 4.2 TERRAIN PROCESSING/地形处理 ...................................................................................................................... 40 4.2.1 Flow Direction/河流流向 ......................................................................... 40 4.2.2 Flow Direction with Sinks/含汇的流向栅格 .............................................. 41 4.2.3 Adjust Flow Direction in Lakes/调整湖泊内的流向 ................................... 43 4.2.4 Flow Accumulation/河流流量 .................................................................. 44 3

4.2.5 Stream Definition/河流定义..................................................................... 44 4.2.6 Stream Segmentation/河流分段............................................................... 45 4.2.7 Flow Direction with Streams/和河流相关的流向...................................... 46 4.2.8 Combine Stream Link and Sink Link/组合河流河段和汇河段 .................... 49 4.2.9 Catchment Grid Delineation/集水区格网划定 .......................................... 50 4.2.10 Catchment Polygon Processing/集水区多边形处理 ................................ 51 4.2.11 Drainage Line Processing/汇流线处理 .................................................... 52 4.2.12 Adjoint Catchment Processing/调整集水区处理..................................... 53 4.2.13 Drainage Point Processing/汇流点处理 .................................................. 55 4.2.14 Longest Flow Path for Catchments/集水区的最长流路径 ....................... 56 4.2.15 Longest Flow Path for Adjoint Catchments/合并后集水区最长流路径 .... 57 4.3 其他功能 ........................................................................................................................................................ 58 4.3.1 Slope/坡度............................................................................................... 58 5 WATERSHED PROCESSING/流域处理 ................................................................................................................ 59 5.1 DELINEATION FUNCTIONS/划定功能................................................................................................................. 60 5.1.1 Batch Watershed Delineation/批量流域划定............................................ 60 5.1.2 Batch Subwatershed Delineation/批量子流域划定 ................................... 65 5.1.3 Batch Global Watershed Delineation/批量全局流域划定 ......................... 68 5.1.4 Batch Watershed Delineation for Polygons/为多边形批量流域划定 ......... 68 5.1.5 Delineate from Multiple Inlets and Outlets/从多个入水口和出水口划定流域 ............................................................................................................................ 71 5.2 WATERSHED CHARACTERIZATION FUNCTIONS/流域特征化 ............................................................................... 75 5.2.1 Drainage Area Centroid/流域质心 ............................................................ 75 5.2.2 Longest Flow Path/最长流路径 ................................................................ 76 5.2.3 Longest Flow Path for Watersheds/流域的最长流路径 ............................. 77 4

5.2.4 Longest Flow Path for Subwatersheds/子流域最长流路径 ........................ 78 5.2.5 Main Flow Path/主要流路径 .................................................................... 79 5.2.6 Construct 3D Line/构造 3D 线 .................................................................. 82 5.2.7 Smooth 3D Line/平滑 3D 要素 ................................................................. 83 5.2.8 Flow Path Parameters from 2D Line/从 2D 线获取流路经参数 ................. 84 5.2.9 Flow Path Parameters from 3D Line/从 3D 线获取流路径参数 ................. 86 5.2.10 Basin Length Points/盆域长度相关点 ..................................................... 87 5.2.11 Basin Length/盆域长度 .......................................................................... 88 6 NETWORK TOOLS/网络工具............................................................................................................................... 89 6.1 HYDRO NETWORK GENERATION/水文网络生成 .............................................................................................. 90 6.2 NODE/LINK SCHEMA GENERATION / 节点/连接模式图生成 ......................................................................... 92 6.3 STORE FLOW DIRECTION/存储河流流向 ......................................................................................................... 94 6.4 SET FLOW DIRECTION/流向设置 ...................................................................................................................... 95 7 ATTRIBUTE TOOLS ................................................................................................................................................. 95 7.1 ASSIGN HYDROID/指定 HYDROID ..................................................................................................................... 96 7.2 GENERATE FROM/TO NODE FOR LINES/为线生成开始/到节点 .................................................................... 98 7.3 FIND NEXT DOWNSTREAM LINE/查找下游下一个线要素 ............................................................................. 99 7.4 POPULATE DRAINAREA FOR DRAINAGE LINE/为汇流线要素计算汇流面积 ................................................ 101 7.5 CALCULATE LENGTH DOWNSTREAM FOR EDGES/为边计算下游长度 ............................................................. 101 7.6 CALCULATE LENGTH DOWNSTREAM FOR JUNCTIONS/为交汇点计算下游长度 ............................................. 102 7.7 FIND NEXT DOWNSTREAM JUNCTION/查找下一个下游交汇点 ................................................................... 103 7.8 STORE AREA OUTLETS – JUNCTION INTERSECT METHOD/ ................................................................................... 104 7.9 STORE AREA OUTLETS – DRAINAGE POINT PROXIMITY METHOD/ ....................................................................... 106 存储面要素出水口-临近汇流点法................................................................................................................ 106 7.10 STORE AREA OUTLETS – NEXT DOWNSTREAM AREA METHOD/ ........................................................................ 107 存储面要素的出水口—下一个下游要素法 ................................................................................................ 107 7.11 CONSOLIDATE ATTRIBUTES/属性合并 ........................................................................................................... 108 7.12 ACCUMULATE ATTRIBUTES/属性累加 ........................................................................................................... 111 7.13 COMPUTE LOCAL PARAMETERS/计算局部参数............................................................................................ 113 7.14 COMPUTE GLOBAL PARAMETERS/计算全局参数 ......................................................................................... 115 7.15 COMPUTE POINT PARAMETERS/计算点参数 ................................................................................................ 115 5

7.16 GENERATE REPORT/报告生成 ...................................................................................................................... 117 7.17 EXPORT DATA/数据导出 .............................................................................................................................. 120 8 TIME SERIES FUNCTIONS/时间序列功能 ....................................................................................................... 121 8.1 DISPLAY TIME SERIES 时间序列展示 ............................................................................................................. 121 8.2 TRANSFER ID/传递 ID..................................................................................................................................... 126 8.3 TRANSFER VALUE/传递值 ............................................................................................................................... 127 8.4 SCALE DESIGN SCURVE/按比例设计 S 曲线................................................................................................. 129 8.5 ACCUMULATE SCURVE/累积 S 曲线............................................................................................................... 132 8.6 EXPORT SCURVE TO RAI/导出 S 型曲线到 RAI ............................................................................................ 134 9 BUTTONS AND TOOLS/按钮和工具................................................................................................................. 135 9.1 FLOW PATH TRACING/流路径追踪................................................................................................................. 135 9.2 INTERACTIVE FLOW PATH TRACING/交互式的流路径追踪 ........................................................................... 136 9.3 POINT DELINEATION/点划定 ........................................................................................................................... 137 9.4 DELINEATE USING EPA WEB SERVICE/使用 EPA WEB 服务（美国提供的一种水资源服务）划定....... 140 9.5 BATCH POINT GENERATION/批量点生成........................................................................................................ 141 9.6 ASSIGN RELATED IDENTIFIER/指定关联的标识.............................................................................................. 143 9.7 GLOBAL POINT DELINEATION/全局点划定 ..................................................................................................... 144 9.8 TRACE BY NEXTDOWNID ATTRIBUTE/用 NEXTDOWNID 属性追踪 ................................................................. 144 9.9 MAIN FLOW PATH TRACING/主要流路径追踪 .............................................................................................. 146 10 TERRAIN MORPHOLOGY/地表形态............................................................................................................... 147 10.1 DRAINAGE AREA CHARACTERIZATION/汇流区域特征化 .............................................................................. 150 10.2 DRAINAGE BOUNDARY DEFINITION/汇流边界定义...................................................................................... 155 10.3 DRAINAGE BOUNDARY CHARACTERIZATION/汇流边界线特征化 ................................................................. 158 10.4 DRAINAGE CONNECTIVITY CHARACTERIZATION/汇流连通性特征化 ............................................................ 162 11 GLOBAL FUNCTION/全局功能........................................................................................................................ 168 11.1 GLOBAL POINT DELINEATION/全局点划定 ................................................................................................... 168 11.2 BATCH GLOBAL WATERSHED DELINEATION/批量的流域划定 ....................................................................... 176 11.3 COMPUTE GLOBAL PARAMETERS/计算全局参数 ......................................................................................... 178 1 介绍 6

本手册的目的是一步一步阐明怎样安装ArcHydro以及怎样使用工具集提供的主要功能。这个实践文档关注于怎么做，而不是为什么。这篇文档很少讨论工具实现的内部原理。这篇文档面向想学习使用ArcHydro工具的、有经验的ArcGIS水资源用户。在线帮助提供了有关工具运行的更多细节。 2 目标在这个手册里，用户将在地形模型上进行汇流分析。ArcHydro工具集被用来获取描述流域整体汇流特征的数据集。栅格分析用来获取关于流向、流量、河流定义、河流分割以及流域划定的数据。这些数据可以用来构建一个集水区和汇流流线的矢量表现。使用这些信息，我们可以构建一个几何网络。ArcHydro的功能在于使用它们构建一个水文数据模型。为了实现这个目标，用户应该了解ArcHydro工具的重要特征和功能，包括栅格和矢量环境。 3 软件需求 .Net Framework 3.5 for ArcGIS 10； ArcGIS 10 (注意，ArcHydro需要ArcInfo/ArcEditor级别的环境支持，ArcView只能使用很少的功能)； Spatial Analyst extension 空间分析扩展模块； Water Utilities Application Framework (ApFramework): 现在自动随ArcHydro一同安装； 3.1 ArcView 环境下使用 ArcHydro 的注意事项 ArcHydro 2.0 工具集需要ArcInfo/ArcEditor环境，需要Spatial Alalyst扩展模块。因为 ArcView只支持有限的编辑功能（简单要素类），所以只有部分功能在ArcViewer环境下可以使用。特别的，以下功能需要ArcInfo/ArcEditor环境的支持：水文网络生成计算边的下游长度 7

计算点的下游长度查找下一个下游点存储流向设置流向流域边界定义下边这个表总结了ArcHydro各个功能模块的环境需求（ArcEditor/ArcInfo、Spatial Analyst） Terrain Preprocessing Require s Require s Spatial ArcInfo/ ArcEditor Analyst Level DEM DEM Reconditioning Assign Stream Slope Burn Stream Slope Build Walls Sink Prescreening Sink Evaluation Depression Evaluation Sink Selection Fill Sinks Flow Direction Flow Direction with Sinks Adjust Flow Direction in Lakes Flow Accumulation Stream Definition Stream Segmentation Flow Direction with Streams Combine Stream Link and Sink Link Catchment Grid Delineation Catchment Polygon Processing Drainage Line Processing Adjoint Catchment Processing Drainage Point Processing Longest Flow Path for Catchments Longest Flow Path for Adjoint Catchments Slope x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 8

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