2019 年广东暨南大学基础英语考研真题
学科、专业名称:日语语言文学
研究方向:
考试科目名称:241 基础英语
考生注意:所有答案必须写在答题纸(卷)上,写在本试题上一律不给分。
Part I
Cloze (10 points)
Directions: Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblankthereare
four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into
thepassage. Thenmarkthe corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single
line through the center.
A new WHO report on Air pollution and child health is being launched on the eve of
WHO’s first ever Global Conference on Air Pollution and Health. It __1__ that when
pregnant women are __2__ to polluted air, they are more likely to give __3__
prematurely, and have small, low birth-weight children. Air pollution __4__ impacts
neurodevelopment and cognitive ability and can __5__ asthma, and childhood cancer.
Children who have been exposed to high __6__ of air pollution may be at greater risk
for chronic diseases__7__ cardiovascular disease later in life.
“Polluted air is __8__ millions of children and ruining their lives,”says Dr Tedros
Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General.“This is inexcusable. Every child should
be able to breathe __9__ air so they can grow and __10__ their full potential.”
One reason why children are __11__ vulnerable to the effects of air pollution is
that they breathe more rapidly than adults and __12__ absorb more pollutants.
They also live __13__ to the ground, where some pollutants __14__ peak concentrations
– at a time __15__ their brains and bodies are still developing.
Newborns and young children are also more susceptible to __16__ air pollution in
homes __17__ regularly use polluting fuels and technologies for cooking, heating
and lighting
Air Pollution is stunting our children’s brains, __18__ their health in more ways
than we suspected. But there are many straight-forward ways to reduce __19__ of
dangerous pollutants. WHO is supporting implementation of health-wise policy
measures like accelerating the switch __20__ clean cooking and heating fuels and
technologies, promoting the use of cleaner transport, energy-efficient housing and
urban planning.
1. A. reveals
B. regains
C. rehearses
D. reconciles
2. A. explored
B. exposed
C. exhausted
D. excluded
3. A. rise
B. promotion
C. birth
D. life
4. A. either
B. each
C. nevertheless D. also
5. A. trace
B. trigger
C. determine
D. deliver
6. A. numbers
B. figures
C. percentages
D. levels
7. A. in addition
B. such as
C. instead of
D. rather than
8. A. regulating
B. proving
C. poisoning
D. imprisoning
9. A. pure
10. A. fulfill
B. clean
B. breed
C. special
D. universal
C. create
D. produce
11. A. ironically
B. critically
C. particularly
D. evenly
12. A. so
B. or
C. but
D. as
13. A. nearer
B. closer
C. easier
D. shorter
14. A. reform
B. reduce
C. record
D. reach
15. A. where
B. when
C. while
D. whereas
16. A. household
B. homemade
C. housekeeping D. housecraft
17. A. that
B. where
C. this
D. what
18. A. effecting
B. influencing
C. affecting
D. reflecting
19. A. transmissions
B. emissions
C. missions
D. transformations
20. A. on
B. in
C. out
D. to
Part II
Reading Comprehension
Section A (40 points)
Directions:Thereare4passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome
questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked
A,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwritethecorrespondingletter
on the Answer Sheet.
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Human Beings are odd creatures sometimes. For some reason, every culture on Earth
has its own sets of superstitions. In every culture around the world there is a set
of beliefs held by the people that have nothing to do with reason or knowledge but
are based on luck, prophecy or folklore that will influence future events.
One of the most widespread superstitious beliefs is that the number 13 is unlucky.
So pervasive is this notion that many hotels and office buildings in Europe and the
United States do not have a room number 13.
In Scandinavian mythology there were 12 Aesir or gods living in relative harmony
until the god Loki came among them, making the 13th. Loki was cruel and evil, and
according to the myths, he took special delight in causing human misfortunes. Because
he was evil, and because he was the 13th member of the hierarchy of the gods, the
number 13 came to be looked upon as an omen of ill luck. Another explanation for
the origin of this superstition also comes from Scandinavian mythology, which states
the winged Valkyries, who waited to escort the heroes fallen in battle to Valhalla,
were 13 in number.
The most popular explanation for the superstition surrounding the number 13 is that
there were 12 apostles and their master Jesus who partook of the Last Supper, Judas
Iscariot being represented as the 13th guest.
According to Christian tradition, Judas betrayed his master after they had observed
the Passover meal. Judas later hanged himself because of his guilt, and he was said
to be damned for all time as his punishment.
It has long been a matter of etiquette in France to avoid having exactly 13 guests
at a dinner or party. Napoleon wouldn't allow a dinner to begin if there were 13
guests at the table. There is a custom of the "quartrozieme", a professional guest
who can be called on short notice to avoid having only 13 people dining at a dinner
party. Although the superstition of 13 guests is not quite so strong in the United
States, President Herbert Hoover would not permit a gathering of 13 while he was
in the White House. President Franklin D Roosevelt had the same superstition, and
it is said that his personal secretary was often called upon to be the 14th guest
at a dinner party.
21. Which of the following statements is true?
A. All the countries in the world have the same superstitions.
B. Superstitions are based on personal experiences.
C. There are some superstitious beliefs in every culture.
D. Superstitions have great influence on future events.
22. How many stories are presented to explain the origin of the superstition of number
13?
A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
23. According to the passage, ________________.
A. there were 14 members having the Passover meal, including Judas
B. Jesus had the Passover meal with his 13 apostles
C. Judas betrayed Jesus and was killed by other apostles
D. Judas betrayed Jesus and killed himself out of guilt
24. Which American President believed the superstition of 13 guests?
A. Napoleon and Herbert Hoover.
B. Napoleon and Franklin D Roosevelt.
C. Herbert Hoover and Franklin D Roosevelt.
D. Franklin D Roosevelt and John F Kennedy.
25. In writing this passage, the author intends to ________________.
A. criticize the widespread of superstitions
B. present some explanations and details about superstitions
C. popularize the superstition of number 13
D. explain the cultural background of the party etiquette in France
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Of the thousands of different kinds of animals that exist in the world man has learned
to make friends with an enormous number. Some are pets, which offer him
companion-ship; some give protection, and some do hard work which man cannot do for
himself. Dogs, which serve man in all three capacities, are found in various breeds
in all countries of the world.
The Husky can live in the cold polar regions, and
the Saluki is at home in the hottest parts of Central Africa. The inhabitants of
certain countries are dependent for their very lives on the camel. In the West Indies
the little donkey, strong and surefooted, carrying heavy loads even in mountainous
places, is a familiar sight.
Trained and tamed for many generations, domestic animals are not accustomed to
roaming in search of food and shelter. They look to their masters to provide for
their needs, and as long as these are supplied, they are content to do what their
masters require.
All domestic animals need proper food. It must be suitable for them, sufficient in
quantity, fresh and clean.
Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of
table scraps, and then wonder why the animal seems listless and dull. The quantity
of food depends on the size of the animal and the amount of exercise it takes.
Overfeeding is as bad as underfeeding. Containers for food and water must be washed
regularly if the animal is to maintain good health.
Even well cared animals may sometimes fall ill. If this happens, the wise master
seeks the best advice he can get. All sorts of medicines and treatments are available
for sick animals, and in some countries’ organizations exist to provide them free
or at a cheap price. Useful, friendly, hardworking animals deserve to have some time,
money and attention spent on their health.
26. What main idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?
A. There exists thousands of species of animals in the world.
B. Man came to establish a close relationship with a number of animals.
C. In some regions a donkey seems to be a very useful beast.
D. An animal will be useless unless domesticated.
27. When an animal is underfed, it will probably __________.
A. refuse to obey its master
B. immediately fall ill
C. require its master to offer some food
D. seek for food on its own
28. Which of the following is NOT true of dogs according to the passage?
A. They can act as friends, guards, and servants to man.
B. They have great adaptation for the environment.
C. There live a great variety of breeds of dogs on the globe.
D. The Husky and the Saluki are the strongest breed ever known in the world.
29. To keep a domestic animal physically fit, its owner is advised _________.
A. not to hesitate to spend enormous amount of money on it
B. to pay attention to its proper feeding
C. not to allow it to take excessive amounts of exercise
D. to join some sort of pet-keeping organizations
30. Which of the following would be best TITLE for this passage?
A. Domesticated Animals – Man’s Best Friend
B. Proper Diet – the Road to Health
C. The Advantages of Raising Domestic Animals
D. Some Tips on Pet-keeping
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
China is the most populous nation in the world; India has one billion people in a
land one-third the size of Australia; and Indonesia, the fourth, most-populous
nation, has 107 people crammed into each square kilometer of land. With too many
people and not enough resources, poverty and hunger in some countries are persistent
realities and birth control policies are hot potatoes.
Ironically for developed and relatively affluent countries such as Australia,
Singapore and Japan, underpopulation is an equally real threat. Social forces such
as higher levels of education and financial independence among women are referring
matrimony less attractive.
In the wake of sexual revolution, couples pursue the
notion of free love and indulge their passions without marriage. Labels such as old
maids are archaic and thankfully almost unheard of, even as the average marital age
of women continues its upward creep. Indeed, many women opt to remain single as they
view marriage as irrelevant or even burdensome.
In Singapore and Japan, for instance, many women are getting college degrees and
putting romance and marriage on the back burner in favor of career and financial
independence. Even for couples that tied the knot, many prefer to remain childless
or have very few children due to the astronomical cost of modern child raising.
Moreover, the sweet taste of career success, financial affluence and personal
freedom may be difficult to relinquish. Subsequently, as birth rates decline
dangerously and the population fail to poise for replacement, governments begin to
worry.
Should politicians be concerned with the romance and love life of individuals?
Apparently, each personal life becomes the political, economic and social issue of
a nation. A decreasing population becomes a threat to national security because
future recruits are needed for the defense force. Manpower is needed for the domestic
market and workforce, instead of over-relying on multinationals who owe no
allegiance to the country. Finally, in a top-heavy social structure where an aging
population outnumbers the younger generation. The physical and financial resources
needed to care for the old may prove inadequate.
Some governments have tried family friendly incentives to encourage people to marry
and propagate, but marital and reproductive interest remain low and birth rates
continue to drop. Others have sought immigrants to fill the population gap, but
opponents view immigration as a threat to the nation’s cultural identity and security.
Indeed, it is a dilemma and challenge to influence private decisions that have
national implications.
31. What are some problems mentioned that are common to over-population?