2001 年上海华东师范大学当代世界经济与政治及环境科学 考研真题 当代世界经济与政治 一、简述题（10 分×4） 1.北约东扩 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 2.欧洲联盟 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 3.托尼·布莱尔 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 4.日美新防卫合作方针 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 二、论述题（30 分×2） 1.概述当代资产阶级国家对经济的干预和调节。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 

_______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 2.试析中美关系和中俄关系。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 环境科学 一、名词解释（15 分） 1.温室效应 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 2.富营养化 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 3.酸雨 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 4.噪光 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 

5.光化学烟雾 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 二、简答题（40 分） 1.简述可持续发展的含义和原则。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 2.简述大气污染预报的依据。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 3.什么是食物链?它在难（不）降解污染物迁移中的作用如何? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 4.试述人类社会不同发展阶段环境问题的主要特征与动力的夹系? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 三、论述题（45 分） 1.太湖流域水污染防治的"零点行动"未达到预期效果.你认为主要原因可能有哪些?（25 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 

_______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 2.生物多样性丧失的主要原因有哪些?（20 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________