S E C O N D E D I T I O N
Optical Fiber Communication
Systems with MATLAB®
and Simulink® Models
Optics and Photonics
Series Editor
Le Nguyen Binh
Huawei Technologies, European Research Center, Munich, Germany
1. Digital Optical Communications, Le Nguyen Binh
2. Optical Fiber Communications Systems: Theory and Practice with MATLAB®
and Simulink® Models, Le Nguyen Binh
3. Ultra-Fast Fiber Lasers: Principles and Applications with MATLAB® Models,
Le Nguyen Binh and Nam Quoc Ngo
4. Thin-Film Organic Photonics: Molecular Layer Deposition and Applications,
Tetsuzo Yoshimura
5. Guided Wave Photonics: Fundamentals and Applications with MATLAB®,
Le Nguyen Binh
6. Nonlinear Optical Systems: Principles, Phenomena, and Advanced Signal
Processing, Le Nguyen Binh and Dang Van Liet
7. Wireless and Guided Wave Electromagnetics: Fundamentals and
Applications, Le Nguyen Binh
8. Guided Wave Optics and Photonic Devices, Shyamal Bhadra and Ajoy Ghatak
9. Digital Processing: Optical Transmission and Coherent Receiving Techniques,
Le Nguyen Binh
10. Photopolymers: Photoresist Materials, Processes, and Applications,
Kenichiro Nakamura
11. Optical Fiber Communication Systems with MATLAB® and Simulink® Models,
Second Edition, Le Nguyen Binh
S E C O N D E D I T I O N
Optical Fiber Communication
Systems with MATLAB®
and Simulink® Models
Le Nguyen Binh
H U A W E I T E C H N O L O G I E S C O . , LT D . , E U R O P E A N R E S E A R C H C E N T E R
M U E N C H E N , G E R M A N Y
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To the memory of my father
To my mother, Mrs. T. H. Nguyen
To Phuong and Lam
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Contents
Preface............................................................................................................................................ xxi
List.of.Abbreviations.................................................................................................................. xxv
1. Introduction..............................................................................................................................1
1.1. Historical.Perspectives..................................................................................................2
1.2. Digital.Modulation.for.Advanced.Optical.Transmission.Systems.........................5
1.3. Demodulation.Techniques............................................................................................8
1.4. MATLAB®.Simulink®.Platform....................................................................................9
1.5. Organization.of.the.Book.Chapters........................................................................... 10
2. Optical Fibers:.Geometrical and Guiding Properties.................................................... 13
2.1. Motivations.and.Some.Historical.Background........................................................ 13
2.2. Dielectric.Slab.Optical.Waveguides.......................................................................... 15
2.2.1. Structure........................................................................................................... 16
2.2.2. Numerical.Aperture....................................................................................... 17
2.2.3. Modes.of.Symmetric.Dielectric.Slab.Waveguides..................................... 17
2.2.3.1. The.Wave.Equations....................................................................... 18
2.2.4. Optical-Guided.Modes.................................................................................. 19
2.2.4.1. Even.TE.Modes................................................................................20
2.2.4.2. Odd.TE.Modes.................................................................................20
2.2.4.3. Graphical.Solutions.for.Guided.TE.Modes.(Even.and.Odd)..... 21
2.2.5. Cutoff.Properties.............................................................................................22
2.3. Optical.Fiber:.General.Properties..............................................................................23
2.3.1. Geometrical.Structures.and.Index.Profile...................................................23
2.3.1.1. Step-Index.Profile............................................................................ 24
2.3.1.2. Graded-Index.Profile....................................................................... 24
2.3.1.3. Power-Law-Index.Profile................................................................ 24
2.3.1.4. Gaussian-Index.Profile...................................................................25
2.3.2. The.Fundamental.Mode.of.Weakly.Guiding.Fibers..................................25
2.3.2.1. Solutions.of.the.Wave.Equation.for.Step-Index.Fiber................26
2.3.3. Cutoff.Properties............................................................................................. 31
2.3.4. Single.and.Few.Mode.Conditions................................................................ 32
2.4. Power.Distribution.and.Approximation.of.Spot.Size.............................................35
2.4.1. Power.Distribution.........................................................................................35
2.4.2. Approximation.of.Spot.Size.r0.of.a.Step-Index.Fiber.................................36
2.5. Equivalent.Step-Index.(ESI).Description.................................................................. 37
2.5.1. Definitions.of.ESI.Parameters.......................................................................38
2.5.2. Accuracy.and.Limits...................................................................................... 39
2.5.3. Examples.on.ESI.Techniques......................................................................... 39
2.5.3.1. Graded-Index.Fibers....................................................................... 39
2.5.3.2. Graded-Index.Fiber.with.a.Central.Dip....................................... 39
2.5.4. General.Method..............................................................................................40
vii