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Front Cover
Dedication
Contents
Preface
List of Abbreviations
1. Introduction
2. Optical Fibers: Geometrical and Guiding Properties
3. Optical Fibers: Signal Attenuation and Dispersion
4. Overview of Modeling Techniques for Optical Transmission Systems Using MATLAB® Simulink®
5. Optical Direct and External Modulation
6. Advanced Modulation Format Optical Transmitters
7. Direct Detection Optical Receivers
8. Digital Coherent Optical Receivers
9. EDF Amplifiers and Simulink® Models
10. MATLAB® Simulink® Modeling of Raman Amplification and Integration in Fiber Transmission Systems
11. Digital Optical Modulation Transmission Systems
12. Design of Optical Communications Systems
13. Self-Coherent Optically Amplified Digital Transmission Systems: Techniques and Simulink® Models
14. Tbps Optical Transmission Systems: Digital Processing–Based Coherent Reception
15. Digital Signal Processing for Optical Transmission Systems
Appendix A: Technical Data of Single-Mode Optical Fibers
Appendix B: RMS Definition and Power Measurement
Appendix C: Power Budget
Appendix D: How to Relate the Rise/Fall Time with the Frequency Response of Network and Power Budget Analyses for Optical Link Design and in Experimental Platforms
Appendix E: Problems on Optical Fiber Communication Systems
S E C O N D E D I T I O N Optical Fiber Communication Systems with MATLAB® and Simulink® Models
Optics and Photonics Series Editor Le Nguyen Binh Huawei Technologies, European Research Center, Munich, Germany 1. Digital Optical Communications, Le Nguyen Binh 2. Optical Fiber Communications Systems: Theory and Practice with MATLAB® and Simulink® Models, Le Nguyen Binh 3. Ultra-Fast Fiber Lasers: Principles and Applications with MATLAB® Models, Le Nguyen Binh and Nam Quoc Ngo 4. Thin-Film Organic Photonics: Molecular Layer Deposition and Applications, Tetsuzo Yoshimura 5. Guided Wave Photonics: Fundamentals and Applications with MATLAB®, Le Nguyen Binh 6. Nonlinear Optical Systems: Principles, Phenomena, and Advanced Signal Processing, Le Nguyen Binh and Dang Van Liet 7. Wireless and Guided Wave Electromagnetics: Fundamentals and Applications, Le Nguyen Binh 8. Guided Wave Optics and Photonic Devices, Shyamal Bhadra and Ajoy Ghatak 9. Digital Processing: Optical Transmission and Coherent Receiving Techniques, Le Nguyen Binh 10. Photopolymers: Photoresist Materials, Processes, and Applications, Kenichiro Nakamura 11. Optical Fiber Communication Systems with MATLAB® and Simulink® Models, Second Edition, Le Nguyen Binh
S E C O N D E D I T I O N Optical Fiber Communication Systems with MATLAB® and Simulink® Models Le Nguyen Binh H U A W E I T E C H N O L O G I E S C O . , LT D . , E U R O P E A N R E S E A R C H C E N T E R M U E N C H E N , G E R M A N Y Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
MATLAB® and Simulink® are trademarks of The MathWorks, Inc. and are used with permission. The MathWorks does not warrant the accuracy of the text or exercises in this book. The book’s use or discussion of MATLAB® and Simulink® software or related products does not constitute endorsement or sponsorship by The MathWorks of a particular peda- gogical approach or particular use of the MATLAB® and Simulink® software. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2015 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20141003 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4822-1752-0 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the valid- ity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or uti- lized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopy- ing, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http:// www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com
To the memory of my father To my mother, Mrs. T. H. Nguyen To Phuong and Lam
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Contents Preface............................................................................................................................................ xxi List.of.Abbreviations.................................................................................................................. xxv 1. Introduction..............................................................................................................................1 1.1. Historical.Perspectives..................................................................................................2 1.2. Digital.Modulation.for.Advanced.Optical.Transmission.Systems.........................5 1.3. Demodulation.Techniques............................................................................................8 1.4. MATLAB®.Simulink®.Platform....................................................................................9 1.5. Organization.of.the.Book.Chapters........................................................................... 10 2. Optical Fibers:.Geometrical and Guiding Properties.................................................... 13 2.1. Motivations.and.Some.Historical.Background........................................................ 13 2.2. Dielectric.Slab.Optical.Waveguides.......................................................................... 15 2.2.1. Structure........................................................................................................... 16 2.2.2. Numerical.Aperture....................................................................................... 17 2.2.3. Modes.of.Symmetric.Dielectric.Slab.Waveguides..................................... 17 2.2.3.1. The.Wave.Equations....................................................................... 18 2.2.4. Optical-Guided.Modes.................................................................................. 19 2.2.4.1. Even.TE.Modes................................................................................20 2.2.4.2. Odd.TE.Modes.................................................................................20 2.2.4.3. Graphical.Solutions.for.Guided.TE.Modes.(Even.and.Odd)..... 21 2.2.5. Cutoff.Properties.............................................................................................22 2.3. Optical.Fiber:.General.Properties..............................................................................23 2.3.1. Geometrical.Structures.and.Index.Profile...................................................23 2.3.1.1. Step-Index.Profile............................................................................ 24 2.3.1.2. Graded-Index.Profile....................................................................... 24 2.3.1.3. Power-Law-Index.Profile................................................................ 24 2.3.1.4. Gaussian-Index.Profile...................................................................25 2.3.2. The.Fundamental.Mode.of.Weakly.Guiding.Fibers..................................25 2.3.2.1. Solutions.of.the.Wave.Equation.for.Step-Index.Fiber................26 2.3.3. Cutoff.Properties............................................................................................. 31 2.3.4. Single.and.Few.Mode.Conditions................................................................ 32 2.4. Power.Distribution.and.Approximation.of.Spot.Size.............................................35 2.4.1. Power.Distribution.........................................................................................35 2.4.2. Approximation.of.Spot.Size.r0.of.a.Step-Index.Fiber.................................36 2.5. Equivalent.Step-Index.(ESI).Description.................................................................. 37 2.5.1. Definitions.of.ESI.Parameters.......................................................................38 2.5.2. Accuracy.and.Limits...................................................................................... 39 2.5.3. Examples.on.ESI.Techniques......................................................................... 39 2.5.3.1. Graded-Index.Fibers....................................................................... 39 2.5.3.2. Graded-Index.Fiber.with.a.Central.Dip....................................... 39 2.5.4. General.Method..............................................................................................40 vii
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