2018 年 5 月翻译资格二级英语口译实务真题
英译汉
Passage 1
亚洲国家经济增长
Ladies and gentlemen, today there are more than 95% of the Asian countries that are
middle income countries, compared to less than 10% twenty years ago. Such drastic
change is due to the rapid economic growth of China, India, Indonesia and other Asian
countries. Now the challenge faced by Asia, a region that is largely middle-income
countries is how to transition into high income economies. The experience of other
developing nations for the past 50 years has shown that, such transition is not easy.
Brazil and Columbia have remained at the middle income status for decades and never
moved up further. At the same time, Singapore has transitioned from the middle income
level to high income level in only 25 years has also shown that this can be done.
Investment in infrastructure is key to countries to follow through this transition.
However, countries have to step up their efforts in productivity promotion, meaning
that it has to make sure the good use of input instead of only focusing the amount
of input. For the past 10 years productivity growth accounted for 30% of economic
growth. Innovation is what needs to be promoted together with high-quality
infrastructure as well as human capital. Innovation is getting more and more
important as a country develops its economy. It helps with creating new products
and more values in products, in turn will even further economic development and
increase wage level.
Higher quality of human capital means more skilled and more knowledgeable work force,
which is the foundation of any economy. Enhancing the quality of human capital is
going to boost growth and equity. A recent study has shown that 20% increase in human
capital investment will lead to 3% of productivity growth and narrowing the income
gap by 4%. Workers in middle income countries have an average of six years of
schooling. That is why countries need to close such gap compared to 10 years of
average schooling in high income countries. Quality of education is even more crucial.
In math and science subjects 15 year old students in high income countries are doing
much better than those in middle income countries. Students with strong abilities
in reading writing and problem-solving are more likely to become the future
innovators. Survey also shows a direct relation between investments made in
education and growth in GDP.
Different countries prioritize different infrastructure. Low income countries often
need to meet the basic needs such as water supply public health and transportation.
Once countries develop even further, they need to focus on electricity and IT
infrastructure. It is a key driver to innovation because it helps create and spread
knowledge. Middle income countries with more Internet users are more innovative than
those without the internet. Increasing investment in IT is going to boost innovation
and productivity.
To encourage innovation and entrepreneurship, countries have to step up efforts in
intellectual property protection as well as the rule of law, increased financing
and created equal policies to boost competition. According to estimation, about
US$26 trillion will be spent from 2016 to 2030 on infrastructure investment, in order
to lower the impact of climate change. To meet this need, Asian countries need to
carry out tax reform, change their economic structure and borrow prudently. But they
tend to face a funding shortage anyway. That is why Asian countries have to attract
more private investment and build a better investment environment working with
private investors and offer a higher return. To conclude, I believe Asian countries
have come so far so quickly, The promotion of human capital to achieve sustained
growth can be done. That is going to be the natural next step for us.
英译汉
passage 2
人工智能发展趋势
Today I would like to talk about technology and where technology is going. The major
trend for technology is that it is getting smarter and smarter, which I call
artificial intelligence, AI. The use of AI includes robots that are going to
undertake a lot of the tasks that human used to do. It is going to redefine jobs
and create more tasks that we had no idea exist. This is going to bring drastic changes
to society for the next 20 years.
Of course we already have AI right now and they are working at the background AIs
have eyes in the hospital diagnosing X-rays better than human doctors. AIs have eyes
at the back offices of law firms processing legal evidence better than human lawyers.
For pilots they only work for 7 to 8 minutes when flying a plane because AI is doing
the rest of the work. We also have Amazon and Alibaba that provide smart
recommendations with AIs at the back offices. AlphaGo also defeated the world’s
Go champion. When we play video games we are playing against AIs. Now what Google
is doing is trying to teach AIs how to play video games. And with such learning
mechanisms, AI was getting smarter and smarter.
There are two aspects that is not truly appreciated by humans. The first is that
humans do not really understand the concept of intelligence. Humans tend to have
the single dimensional understanding, thinking that IQ is the only way of showing
intelligence. For example a rat is the least smart, a monkey is better. Then an
average person such as me as smarter than a monkey but not smarter than a genius.
Such understanding of intelligence is completely wrong. Human intelligence is like
a symphony, in fact, it’s like different instruments playing together.
Secondly, AI was the technology leading the second industrial revolution. First
industrial revolution relied on artificial force. Before the agricultural
revolution, all work was done by human muscle or animal force. It is extremely
important that during the first agriculture revolution we utilized steam and fossil
fuels to power productivity. That is why when we drive a car today it is using the
force of 250 horses, that is, 250 horse power. Artificial force is what helps us
to build sky scrapers and produce massive products in factories that cannot be done
by humans.
Artificial forces can also go through wires and grid, Connecting homes, factories,
and farmlands, that is offered to everyone to buy. And the smartness of artificial
intelligence is multiplied by 1 million times powers the Second Industrial
Revolution. That is why the cars on the highway with 250 horsepower is going to be
automated in the future. And AI will be developed, just as electricity to the grid,
on the cloud.
汉译英
Passage 1
中国新四大发明
2000 年前,中国发明了指南针、火药、造纸术、以及印刷术,这四大发明推动了人类文明
的进步。自改革开放以来,世界也在见证着中国的高速发展和变化,并出现了新的四大发明
——高铁、手机支付、共享单车以及网上购物。
中国的高铁正处于世界的领先地位,中国仅用了 10 年的时间,高铁网络便已覆盖全国,横
跨长度达 2.2 万公里,占世界高铁总长度的 65%。从首都北京到最大的都市上海,高铁长达
1300 公里,时速 350 公里,票价仅仅相当于 70 欧元,这深刻的改变了中国人们的出行方式。
在中国,不论身处何方,都可以运用手机进行支付,给人们的生活带来了巨大的便利。无论
是打车、购物还是看电影,都可以用手机支付。目前,中国已经有四亿人口在使用手机支付,
交易金额高达 5.5 万亿元。中国已经逐渐进入了无现金社会,并且在技术处于世界各国当中
的最先进水平。
近几年来,共享单车发展迅猛。无论是大小城市任何角落,你都可以看到共享单车的身影。
可以在任意地点使用,并在任意地点归还。只要下载手机客户端,就可以解锁单车,并且可
以用手机进行支付。共享单车的出现有更好的促进人们健康出行。
网上购物你改变了人们的购物方式。如今在中国有 5 亿人口在网上进行购物,贸易量达 27
万亿,占全球电商贸易额的 40%。购买的商品将会在当天或者是第二天送达。网上购物的兴
起刺激了消费,成为了中国经济发展的主要动力之一。中国为什么会出现新的四大发明呢?
答案很简单,就是创新。中国政府正在大力鼓励企业创新,给予多方面的支持。过几年各位
再一次来到中国的时候,我相信一定会看到中国的更多发明。
汉译英
Passage 2
新型全球化
对我而言,当今的全球化面临着一个突出的问题,那就是包容性不足。在某些地区,自由贸
易不仅具有歧视性,同时还具有排他性。现在我们必须要建立起开放包容的制度安排中国的
一带一路倡议,恰恰就是为这一问题贡献中国智慧和中国力量,以此来更好地推动各国共同
发展。
新型全球化旨在促进创新,并适应创新。全球经济依赖工业革命和数字经济的发展,因此各
个国家应注重对技术革命方面的培训。在发展中更好的提供支持援助以及技术转让,帮助贫
困国家更好的缩小技术鸿沟。
绿色经济是新型全球化必不可少的条件。过去的 100 年来,有工业革命造成的环境污染,导
致绝大部分发展中国家所面临的环境压力不断升级。环境是发展的基础,没有良好的环境,
经济也无法得以繁荣。然而发展也是环境保护的前提条件,只有经济发展社会进步了才能更
有效的保护环境。
新型全球化必须要建立在可持续框架的前提之下,各国发展必须要均衡考虑经济发展、减少
贫困与环境保护,推动绿色经济发展,达到经济与环境双赢。
那么如何实现人们所期待的新型全球化呢?不同的人肯定有不同的答案。但是有一个条件是
肯定的,那就是我们必须要反对保护主义和孤立主义,实现开发包容。无论是大国还是小国
啊,大型跨国企业还是中小型企业,都应该加入进来,共享新型全球化的益处。