2017 年浙江宁波大学英语翻译基础考研真题 一、 词语翻译（2×20＝40 分） 说明：本部分共有 20 个词语，汉语和英语各 10 个，或选自国内外时事新闻，或选自翻译 理论术语。请将汉语词语翻译为英语，英语词语翻译为汉语。 1. 素质教育 2.道德底线 3. 产业结构调整和升级 4. 全国人民代表大会 5. 二十国集团 6. 中央政治局 7. 十二五时期 8. 佛经翻译 9. 翻译研究的文化转向 10. 信达雅 11. US presidential debate 12. Rio Olympics 13. Brexit vote 14. Nobel Prize for Literature 15. vote swapping 16. translation equivalence 17. translation process 18. parataxis 19. domestication 

20. deep structure 二、英汉篇章翻译（1×60＝60 分） Just off the west coast of present-day Scotland, lies the small island of Iona (艾 奥纳岛), a grassy promontory with white sandy beaches, rising up out of the North Sea. Today it is a place of quiet contemplation, relatively undisturbed by the tour groups or visiting school children wandering among its enchanted ruins. Even for those who know, it is easy to forget that twelve centuries ago, these idyllic shores were the scenes of unimaginable violence. The monastery of Iona is the symbolic heart of Scottish Christianity, one of the oldest and most important religious centers in Western Europe. It was founded by the Irish monk Columba in the sixth century and became the focal point for the spread of the faith throughout Scotland. In the early centuries, the monks came to seek seclusion among the ‘desert’ of the Atlantic Ocean, and built simple beehive-shaped stone huts where they could concentrate on their prayers and vows of poverty and obedience. Over time, however, the small community became a major pilgrimage site, and a great medieval center of learning. It developed into a training school for monks with special rooms for the copying of manuscripts called scriptoriums（抄写室） that produced works of art famous throughout Europe. Chief among these was the Book of Kells, an illuminated collection of the four gospels that was described by its Irish contemporaries as “the most precious object in the western world”. In addition to its religious treasures, Iona also boasted an unrivaled collection of royal tombs. Most of the early Scottish kings, including the two made famous by Shakespeare – Macbeth and his victim Duncan – were interred in the monastery’s crypt. For centuries, the island was an oasis of peace, protected by the faith of its inhabitants and the vast ocean surrounding it. In 794, however, a ripple of fear penetrated the tranquility. Rumors reached the monks of terrible raids to the east, sister monasteries devastated by strange northern pagans. Early the next year, while the monks were celebrating a holy day, ships with prows carved to resemble serpents and dragons slipped onto the beach below the main abbey. Leaping onto the white sand of a shoreline, which would later bear the name ‘Martyr’s Bay’ in memory of the slain, the raiders headed for the buildings, cutting down the monks they found along the way. Smashing open the doors, they killed anyone who tried to resist, drenching the stone floors of the chapel with blood. Anything that looked valuable was seized, including rich vestments which were ripped off of the bodies of the dead or dying. As the surviving monks fled in all directions, the attackers set fire to the great 

abbey and then raced down to the beach with their considerable loot. Seemingly in the blink of an eye they were gone. Left behind were bloody corpses, burning buildings, and a shattered community. Virtually the only thing left intact was the high cross of St. Martin’s, one of a dozen or so large carved monoliths that had dotted the landscape. In the side facing away from the devastated church was carved the biblical figure of Abraham with his sword raised high – as if in warning of the terrible events that had just unfolded. The raids on the British Isles were only the beginning of a great hammer blow that fell on an unprepared Europe. The broken bodies and the blackened shells of buildings in places like Iona would be all too common in the centuries to come. The suddenness of the violence left many occupants of Europe disoriented and anxious. The shock and despair can still be felt in the words of Alcuin（阿尔昆）, an Anglo-Saxon monk writing from Charlemagne’s imperial capital of Aachen after one of the first raids. “...never before in Britain has such a terror appeared as this we have now suf ered at the hands of the heathen.” The fact that the word ‘Viking’ (维京) still conjures up that image of blond-haired barbarians leaping off of dragon ships to plunder a monastery – is a testament to the trauma inflicted on Western Christendom during the three hundred years of the Viking Age. It is burned into our collective memory. 三、汉英篇章翻译（30+20=50 分） 说明：本部分包含 2 篇汉语短文，请翻译为英语。 1. 保护绿水青山，留住蓝天白云，是全体人民福祉所系，也是对子孙后代义不容辞的责任。 必须始终把建设生态文明、保护生态环境放在突出位置，强化科学治理，推广适用技术，实 行最 严格的源头保护制度，严守生态保护红线，以重点区域和关键领域为抓手，实施重大 战略性生态 工程，充分发挥市场作用，调动各类社会主体投身生态保护和建设的积极性， 坚持在发展中保护、 在保护中发展，让当代人受益，为中华民族永续发展奠定坚实基础。 2. 古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道受业解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无惑？惑而不从 师， 其为惑也，终不解矣。生乎吾前，其闻道也，固先乎吾，吾从而师之；生乎吾后，其 闻道也，亦 先乎吾，吾从而师之。吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎？是故无贵无贱， 无长无少，道之 所存，师之所存也。