2001年上海华东师范大学普通生物学及普通生态学考研真题.doc-资料库

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2001 年上海华东师范大学普通生物学及普通生态学考研真题普通生物学一、名词解释。生物膜 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 干扰素 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 稳态 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 光周期诱导 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 无氧呼吸 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________ 菌根 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 双受精 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 生物节律 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 等位基因 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 细胞分化 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 二. 问答 1. 请叙述气孔开关的机制 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 2. 请叙述遗传物质 DNA 在细胞周期中各阶段的变化。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 3. 请以呼吸、循环或神经系统之一为例，叙述进化过程中，动物的形态结构如何适应其生存环境 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 4. 请叙述植物根的形态结构如何适应其生理功能 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 5. 请叙述你所食的牛肉蛋白转变成组成你自身蛋白的过程 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 普通生态学一、名词解释耐受性法则 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________ 内稳态机制 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 光补偿点 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 标志重捕法 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 生态入侵 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 哈-温定律 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 群落交错区 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________ 间接梯度分析 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 营养级 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 生态效率 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 二、问答题（5 选 4） 1.动、植物是如何适应干旱沙漠环境的? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 2.试比较生物 R-对策、K-对策的异同。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 3.试述生物群落演替的顶级理论，以及与地带性植被的关系 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 4.叙述生物多样性的分布规律及其原因。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 5.简述生物资源保护中有关的生态学原理。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

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