2004 年上海华东师范大学教育心理学及儿童心理学考研真 题 《教育心理学》部分 一. 简答题（每题 8 分，共 40 分） 1. 什么是陈述性知识?陈述性知识的表征形式有哪些? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________ 2.请比较讲授教学法和发现教学法的异同。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________ 3.什么是（先行）组织者?组织者技术的运用为什么能促进新知识的学习和保持? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________ 4.简述维特洛克的生成学习模型。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________ 5.简述学校情境中动机与学习的关系。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 

_________________________________ 二.论述题（每题 20 分，共 40 分） 1.什么是认知策略?请结合认知心理学中有关策略性知识形成过程的研究，就如何在学校教 育中加强策略性知识的教学提出自己的建议。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________ 2.德育教育在学校素质教育中处于至关重要的地位。请结合教育心理学中有关影响态度和品 德形成的条件，就德育教育的艰巨性谈谈自己的体会。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________ 《儿童心理学》部分 一、解释下列概念（每小题 4 分，共 16 分） 年龄特征 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________ 客体永久性 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________ 自我中心 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________ 转换生成语法说 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________ 二、简答题（每小题 6 分，共 30 分） 1、如何判断幼儿观察力发展的水平? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________ 2、谈谈影响婴幼儿安全性依恋形成的因素。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________ 3、成熟和训练在婴幼儿动作发展中的作用。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________ 4、用心理学观点分析婴幼儿"撒谎"的原因。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________ 5、谈谈对幼儿进行正面教育的心理学依据。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________ 三、论述题（每小题 12 分，共 24 分） 1、试述在早期教育中如何看待婴幼儿发展的阶段性与连贯性。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________ 2、试述皮亚杰关于儿童的道德判断从他律向自律过渡发展的特征. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________