2017 年 11 月翻译资格考试英语二级笔译实务真题 英译汉第一篇 You’ve temporarily misplaced your cell phone and anxiously retrace your steps to try to find it. Or perhaps you never let go of your phone—it's always in your hand, your pocket, or your bag, ready to be answered or consulted at a moment’s notice. When your battery life runs down at the end of the day, you feel that yours is running low as well. New research shows that there’s a psychological reason for such extreme phone dependence: According to the attachment theory, for some of us, our phone serves the same function as the teddy bear we clung to in childhood. Attachment theory proposes that our early life experiences with parents responsible for our well-being, are at the root of our connections to the adults with whom we form close relationships. Importantly, attachment in early life can extend to inanimate objects. Teddy bears, for example, serve as “transitional objects.” The teddy bear, unlike the parent, is always there. We extend our dependence onparents to these animals, and use them to help us move to an independent sense of self. A cell phone has the potential to be a “compensatory attachment” object. Although phones are often castigated for their addictive potential, scientists cite evidence that supports the idea that “ healthy, normal adults also report significant emotional attachment to special objects” Indeed, cell phones have become a pervasive feature of our lives: The number of cell phone users exceeds the total population of the planet. The average amount of mobile or smartphone use in the U.S. is 3.3 hours per day. People also like to be near their phones: A 2013 survey cited by the Hungarian team. Nearly as many people report being distressed when they’re separated from their phone.Phones have distinct advantages. They can be kept by your side and they provide a social connection to the people you care about. Even if you’re not talking to your friends, lover, or family, you can keep their photos close by, read their messages, and follow them on social media. You can track them in real time but also look back on memorable moments together. These channels help you “feel less alone”. 

英译汉第二篇 Many countries have adopted the principle of sustainable development it can combat gaginst environment deterioration in air quality, water quality and ...viable role for every member in the world.. production .health education in developing countries. But some argue that it's a vague idea, some organizations may use it in it's own interests, whether environmental or economic is the nature of interests. Others argue that sustainable development in developing countries overlook the local customs,habitude and people. Whereas interdependence is desirable during times of peace, war necessitates competition and independence. Tariffs and importation limits strengthen a country's economic vitality while potentially weakening the economies of its enemies. Moreover, protectionism in the weapons industry is highly desirable during such circumstances because reliance on another state for armaments can be fatal. For the most part, economists emphasize the negative effects of protectionism. It reduces international trade and raises prices for consumers. In addition, domestic firms that receive protection have less incentive to innovate. Although free trade puts uncompetitive firms out of business, the displaced workers and resources are ultimately allocated to other areas of the economy. Imposing quotas is a method used to protect trade, since foreign companies cannot ship more products regardless of how low they set their prices. Countries that hope to help a new industry thrive locally often impose quotas on imported goods. They believe that such restrictions allow entities in the new industry to develop their own competitive advantages and produce the products efficiently. Developing countries often use this argument to justify their restrictions on foreign goods. Protectionism’s purpose is usually to create jobs for domestic workers. Companies that operate in industries protected by quotas hire workers locally. Another disadvantage of quotas is the reduction in the quality of products in the absence of competition from foreign companies. Without competition, local firms are less likely to invest in innovation and improve their products and services. Domestic sellers don’t have an incentive to enhance efficiency and lower their prices, and under such conditions, consumers eventually pay more for products and services they could receive from foreign competitors. As local companies lose competitiveness, 

they become pressured to outsource jobs. In the long-run, increasing protectionism commonly leads to layoffs and economic slowdown. 汉译英第一篇 （中国的中医药》白皮书） 人类在漫长发展进程中创造了丰富多彩的世界文明，中华文明是世界文明多样性、多元化的 重要组成部分。中医药作为中华文明的杰出代表，是中国各族人民在几千年生产生活实践 和与疾病作斗争中逐步形成并不断丰富发展的医学科学，不仅为中华民族繁衍昌盛作出了 卓越贡献，也对世界文明进步产生了积极影响。 Humanity has created a colorful global civilization in the long course of its development, and the civilization of China is an important component of the world civilization harboring great diversity. As a representative feature of Chinese civilization, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a medical science that was formed and developed in the daily life of the people and in the process of their fight against diseases over thousands of years. It has made a great contribution to the nation's procreation and the country's prosperity, in addition to producing a positive impact on the progress of human civilization. 中医药在历史发展进程中，兼容并蓄、创新开放，形成了独特的生命观、健康观、疾病观、 防治观，实现了自然科学与人文科学的融合和统一，蕴含了中华民族深邃的哲学思想。随 着人们健康观念变化和医学模式转变，中医药越来越显示出独特价值。中医药与西医药优 势互补，相互促进，共同维护和增进民众健康，已经成为中国医疗卫生体制的重要特征和 显著优势。 TCM has created unique views on life, on fitness, on diseases and on the prevention and treatment of diseases during its long history of absorption and innovation. It represents a combination of natural sciences and humanities, embracing profound philosophical ideas of the Chinese nation. As ideas on fitness and medical models change and evolve, traditional Chinese medicine has come to underline a more and more profound value.TCM and Western medicine have their different strengths. They work together in China to protect people from diseases and improve public health. This has turned out to be one of the important features and notable strengths of Chinese medical service system. 汉译英第二篇 

（2014 年李克强在联合国粮农组织的演讲） 人人有饭吃，是人类最基本的生存权利，是一切人权的基础。全球农业发展取得了长足的进 步，但饥饿和贫困依然是一种“无声的危机”，困扰着全人类。目前世界上还有 8 亿多贫 困人口面临着食物不足、营养不良的威胁。促进农业发展，消除饥饿和贫困，依然是世界 面临的重大挑战，也是全人类肩负的共同责任。国际社会应当携起手来，加强农业合作， 更多关注发展中国家、尤其是一些最不发达国家的诉求。应减少贸易保护，加强对最不发 达国家农业技术、资金等支持，提高全球农业生产水平和粮食安全保障水平。 Food for all is, for mankind, the most fundamentalright of survival, which serves as the basis for allother human rights. Great progress has been madein the global agricultural development. Yet hungerand poverty have remained a “silent crisis”， troubling all human beings. Over 800 million poor people in theworld still face the threat of food shortages andmalnutrition. To promote agricultural developmentand eradicate hunger and poverty remains a major challenge of the world and a commonresponsibility of mankind. The international community may join hands to enhanceagricultural cooperation and pay greater attention to the calls of developing countries, inparticular certain least developed countries (LDCs). Efforts should be made to curb tradeprotectionism and increase the technical and financial assistance to the agricultural sector ofthe LDCs so as to raise the global agricultural productivity and increase food security. 中国作为世界上最大的发展中国家，任何时候都是维护世界粮食安全的积极力量。尽管中国 农业进一步发展面临不少困难，但我们仍将不懈努力，用行动来兑现诺言，主要依靠自己 的力量解决好吃饭问题。我们愿与世界各国携手奋进，共同创造一个无饥饿、无贫困、可 持续发展的世界。 As the largest developing country, China will always be an active force for safeguarding worldfood security. Although China faces quite a few difficulties ahead in its agriculturaldevelopment, we will continue to work tirelessly to deliver on our commitment throughactions. We will ensure adequate food supply mainly on our own. We are ready to work withcountries around the world to create a world of sustainable development that is free from hunger and poverty.