2017年10月托福真题回忆及解析.doc

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2017 年 10 月托福真题回忆及解析世上的事，只要肯用心去学，没有一件是太晚的。你只要记住你的今天比昨天进步了一点，那么你离你的梦想也就更近了一步。无忧考网搜集整理了 2017 年 10 月托福真题回忆及解析，希望对大家有所帮助。2017 年 10 月举行了 1 场考试，考试时间为 10 月 15 日。以下内容仅供参考。 10 月 15 日托福听力真题回忆： Conversation 1A 话题分类学生和工作人员内容回忆女生的 ankle 之前受伤，说自己的伤好得差不多了，可以参加训练（有题）。教授说有个新的 assistant 要来，之前不是这个女生一队的，所以她们不熟悉。这个学生现在还没来，还在加州（双选）。教练希望作为女生作为队长的女生可以用一些经费带两个球队的成员请新 assistant 吃饭表示欢迎。但女生觉得其他人会觉得 left out（有题），所以建议用这些钱办一个欢迎 party，买一些零食吃。而借场地方面，本来教授要去预定，但学生说她室友曾借过 fireplace 旁的一个场地（双选），而这个地方学生只要 sign up 就可以使用。参考听力 TPO43C2 Conversation 2A 话题分类学生和教授内容回忆学生对教授给的网站中 underground architecture 很感兴趣，想把 final paper 的题目换成这个。教授说之前的 topic 其实不错，只是 outline 写的太宽泛了，应该关注特定的点，并给出解决方案（有题）。这种建筑要用到新的 technology，举例纽约的一个公园，里面还有 plant（有题）。学生觉得虽然这种建筑存在很久，但还是没有大规模的，教授最后讲到土耳其在很久前有个超大的地下城市（重听）。参考听力 Lecture 1A 话题分类艺术类内容回忆讲一位叫 Thomas 的著名 landscape 画家。那时候大家一般花 portrait（有题），但这个人出去玩了一圈，到了一个山和一个湖被自然吸引，回家后开始画风景画（有题）。最开始他的一幅画被工匠裱起来摆在橱窗里展示，被一个有名画家看到买了下来（有题），这个人一直很支持 Thomas，最后还把他介绍给自己的朋友。慢慢的 Thomas 就开始出名了，成了风景画运动的 founder（有题），很多后辈都会有些和 Thomas 相同的特征。讲了一幅画的细节，clouds，被闪电击倒的树都传递了感情（有题）。 TPO28C1

TPO43L1 TPO21L4，TPO24L2 参考听力 Lecture 2A 话题分类生物类内容回忆 Green patches/ island 现象是指秋天大部分叶子变黄时，有些叶子局部仍是绿色的，这是因为一些 C 细菌。一些虫子在上面产卵，这种 island 给他们提供更多的营养来 reproduce。后来讲到这种细菌的产生方式，用苹果树做的实验。一个解释是虫子分泌的，另一个是说虫子 trigger 苹果树产生过量的这种物质。参考听力 Lecture 3A 话题分类心理学内容回忆心理状态会影响未来预期。教授先解释概念，男生问是否指如果很饿就会觉得未来有大量食物（重听）。教授更正学生说法，是只有吃的很饱的时候，会觉得未来的食物会一直丰盛。科学家做了三个实验通过研究暖和的天气和未来全球变暖的可能性来验证这关系。实验一：户外的持续很多天的实验，最后发现比较 warm 的天气大家会觉得 global warming 更有可能，但学生就觉得现在全球变暖的新闻会影响对未来的预测，或者根据外界天气产生的预测。实验二：在室内（为了避免外界温度影响）做了实验，结果和实验一是一致的。但也存在问题：人们可以根据屋内温度推测室外温度，如果外面很冷，里面也不会很暖和。实验三：在一个可调节温度的屋子里，最后结果还是一样的。说明这个状态是会影响到未来的预期。参考听力 Lecture 4A 话题分类天文类内容回忆 Supernova 的形成。Supernova 是 star 爆炸后产生的 massive illuminated object。它一般存在于一个很小的，相对形成时间较短，dwarf galaxy 里（三选）。最开始科学家没找到对应的 galaxy，因为 supernova 本身太亮了，可能 galaxy 太小太暗。后来降到 supernova 大小和 galaxy 形成时间的关系。在刚开始形成的时候，star 主要由氢气和氦气组成，慢慢 fuse 成 dense elements。时间越长，一个 wind 越厉害。这个 wind 会导致行星质量减少。所以相对形成较晚的 galaxy 会有质量比较大的行星。最后说由于一种新型的 telescope 能检测 radiation，所以发现了 dwarf galaxy（有题）。参考听力 Conversation 1B 话题分类学生和篮球教练内容回忆学生找工作人员抱怨停车位不够。她买了停车位，但每天到学校都没有位置，只能停在校外马路上，还要另付停车费。工作人员问学生是否更改过课表，发现学生之前是下午上课，现在是上午上课。也是因为职工早上的时候也会占用学员的车位，所以车位紧张。然后说现在有两个停车场在建，不过要两年后建成。然后说可以给学生一部分退款，学生说晚上 TPO15L1 TPO19L2

TPO42C2 文学类历史类 TPO27C2 生物类 TPO45L2 来图书馆还是需要停车，最后建议骑自行车或者公共交通来学校，缓解停车问题。参考听力 Conversation 2B 话题分类学生和教授内容回忆学生问教授一个意大利画家关于威尼斯的画。学生觉得过于真实，没有角度。教授解释这画是为了旅行者而画。后来画家去伦敦后，绘画较为夸张，天空太蓝，光线太亮，最后说到去网上搜索该画家后续画作，帮助学生写论文。参考听力 Lecture 1B 话题分类内容回忆解释 aging。一种是 biological clock，一种是和细胞 damage accumulation。重点讲第二种。提到节食可以延长寿命，因为 metabolism 降低，damage 降低；但是又有一种说法是节食提高了 metabolism，然后 activate a gene。参考听力 Lecture 2B 话题分类内容回忆讲 paperback 的起源。19 世纪初 A Lane 这人坐火车时想买小说上车看，结果都是厚重的小说，不方便携带。他想出了一种简单便携的小说书。后期创办了 penguin book，里面有 9 篇小说，封面就是企鹅，并用不同颜色标注不同种类的小说。参考听力 Lecture 3B 话题分类内容回忆农业发展史，中世纪人口扩张，导致食物减少，土地资源减少。农民之前用的 plow 没法耕作更深的土地，所以发明了 heavy plow。同时农民发现马比牛耕地更快，所以更多地用马耕地运输。由于马的使用，耕地面积进一步扩大，并且每年有一部分土地休整。参考听力 Lecture 4B 话题分类内容回忆 Europa 行星，是 Jupiter 的卫星，上面可能有生命存在。对比了地球生命的形成，提到 Jupiter 的引 TPO43L3 TPO29L3 天文类

力有助于 Europa 的 ice break，产生氧气，同时星球上有水源，可能会有早期生命形态。人类有一个 breaker 计划，帮助 Europa 海洋水破冰，产生氧气。不确定这是否有用，而且即使有用，也可能要很多年。参考听力 TPO30L3，TPO41L4 10 月 15 日托福写作真题回忆：历史类家庭教育类 Rituals for the dead people，死后祭祀 Fish trap，用来捕鱼 Astronomical purpose, identifying sun and other astronomical events or objects. 综合写作话题分类总论点在 Northeast Russia 发现了一些 labyrinth，关于其作用，阅读提出了三种可能的假设，听力一一予以反驳。阅读部分 1. 2. 3. 听力部分 1. 有的 labyrinth 是在内陆被发现的，不可能用于捕鱼 2. 每个 labyrinth 都有一个入口，如果跟天文观测有关，应该所有的入口都朝着一个方向，而事实上朝向并不相同 3. 如果是用于死后祭祀，周围应该能发现古人的 bones 或者其他的 tools，但是并没有解题思路类似的 TPO 练习有 TPO5 和 TPO33，本题重复了 2016 年 11 月 13 日大陆的综合写作题目参考范文 The reading and the listening have a debate on the purpose of some labyrinths found in northeast of Russia. The listening refutes all three purposed proposed by the reading. First, the reading claims that because of sea level rise, the labyrinths could be used to trap fish. However, the listening argues that although some labyrinths were found near the sea, others were not, so they could not possibly be used as fish traps. Second, the reading states that labyrinths could be used to record astronomical phenomenon. However, the listening casts doubt on this, by saying that if the entrances of labyrinths were used for record, they should have fixed direction. Yet the entrances seemed to have random position and direction, so they could not serve the astronomical purpose. Finally, the reading argues that these labyrinths could be used to hold rituals for dead. However, according to the speaker, this claim does not hold water, either. If they were ritual sites, there would have been human remains, like bones or tools nearby, yet none of these were found near the labyrinths. 独立写作话题分类考题回忆

Which of the following should the parents do to rectify the behavior of their children? -limit the types of TV or films -spend more time talking with their children -monitor and supervise children’s activities with their friends 解题思路 1. Spend more time talking with their children - parents can find out the reason for misbehavior or bad behavior, so as to give suggestion to their children 2.Limit the types of TV programs or films - will not help/ only lead to resentment and rebellion 3.Monitor and supervise children’s activities with their friends - children will not feel at ease/ they cannot enjoy their time with friends 参考范文 Some parents complain of the improper behavior of their children and they try every means to rectify such behavior. Normally, they resort to three ways, namely, restriction of forms of entertainment, face-to-face conversations, and supervision over their children. Among the three options, I think the most effective one should be to spend more time talking with their children. A face-to-face talk can reveal many things that are otherwise kept hidden or unnoticed. This will in the end solve a lot of problems. In fact, the reasons for improper behavior or misbehavior vary among children, and it is almost impossible for parents to really tackle the problem without finding out the reason for such behavior. For example, a child may choose to draw graffiti on the wall simply because they have seen others do it and found it cool to imitate, totally oblivious to the trouble that might be brought about by such conducts to their parents. Without a proper talk with their children, the parents might mistake such behavior for a deliberate rebellion against the parents and might resort to harsh punishment, which can only worsen the result. Also, sometimes misbehavior is one way of saying “I want your attention.” When neglected, some children may choose to hurt themselves so as to win attention from their parents. In this case, spending time with children proves to be the most effective way of eliminating such behavior. Limiting the types of TV programs or films, on the other hand, will not achieve the intended purpose. This is because, despite the firm belief of some parents, there is no correlation between children’s misbehavior or improper behavior and certain types of TV programs or films. Children will not necessarily become violent if they have watched some so-called violent cartoons or movies, nor will they use improper language if they have watched some shows not intended for them. In fact, many TV programs and films have all filtered out things that are universally deemed improper to children, so that exposure to them is not as harmful as the parents choose to believe. Besides, restricting the types of TV programs or movies will only lead to resentment or rebellion, since children may find it difficult to fuse into their circle of friends if they cannot share the same topics with their friends. Likewise, monitoring or supervising children’s interaction with their friends is also not an effective way. Normally, with the presence of parents, children will

not feel at ease, so they can hardly enjoy themselves when playing with their friends. This is because many games popular among children would be regarded as improper or dangerous in the eyes of the parents, and thus be totally forbidden by the parents. Their friends may also feel awkward under the supervision from a stranger, so they may choose to stop coming by and playing. As a result, their children will soon be left alone with no one to play with, which only contributes to more misbehavior. In conclusion, if parents want to rectify their children’s behavior, the most sensible choice would be to spend some time talking with their children to find out the reason and suggest a solution. 10 月 15 日托福阅读真题回忆： Passage one 学科分类地质学题目 KT Boundry 地球 KT 层内容回忆地球 KT 层，这层行成于恐龙灭绝，由于陨石撞地球，这层里有很多 I 元素，这个元素存在于地核和外太空，因此被判断为陨石撞击形成；再者有一种物质只能形成于高温高压，因此也为陨石撞击学说提供支撑。但是很难找到这个超级大坑，没有类似形状大小的坑存在。参考阅读 TPO15-2: Mass Extinctions Cases in which many species become extinct within a geologically short interval of time are called mass extinctions. There was one such event at the end of the Cretaceous period (around 70 million years ago). There was another, even larger, million mass extinction at the end of the Permian period (around ago). years much than mass extinctions because mostly unfamiliar species perished at that time. other attracted attention Permian event less 250 has The rates of these as great as happening extinction died the out. rates The during mass extinctions. The fossil record shows at least five mass extinctions in which many families of today marine organisms are Many scientists have therefore concluded that a sixth great mass extinction is currently in progress. What could cause such high rates of extinction? There are several hypotheses, including warming or cooling of Earth, changes in seasonal fluctuations or Biological ocean currents, and changing positions of the hypotheses evolution of cooperation between insects and flowering plants or of bottom-feeding predators in the oceans. Some of the proposed mechanisms required a very brief period during which all extinctions suddenly took place; other mechanisms would be more likely continents. ecological changes brought include about by the

by and impact. points to causes for the current hunting extinction. as the likely humans mass to have taken place more gradually, over an extended period, or at different times on different continents. Some hypotheses fail to account for simultaneous extinctions on land and in the seas. Each mass extinction may have had a habitat different cause. Evidence destruction American paleontologists David Raup and John Sepkoski, who have studied extinction rates in a number of fossil groups, suggest that episodes of increased extinction have recurred periodically,approximately every 26 million years since the mid-Cretaceous period. The late Cretaceous extinction of the dinosaurs and ammonoids was just one of the more drastic in a whole series of such recurrent extinction episodes. The possibility that mass extinctions may recur periodically hypotheses as that of a companion star with a long-period has given rise to such orbit deflecting other bodies from their normal orbits, making some of them fall to Earth as meteors and causing widespread devastation upon Of the various hypotheses attempting to account for the late Cretaceous extinctions, the one that has attracted the most attention in recent years is the asteroid-impact hypothesis first suggested by Luis Alvarez. According to this hypothesis, Earth collided with an asteroid with an estimated diameter of 10 kilometers, or with several asteroids, the combined mass of which was comparable.The force of collision spewed large amounts of debris into the atmosphere, darkening the skies for several years before the finer particles settled. The reduced level of photosynthesis led to a massive decline in plant life of all kinds, and this caused massive starvation first of herbivores and subsequently of carnivores. The mass extinction would have occurred very suddenly under this hypothesis. and Walter One interesting test of the Alvarez hypothesis is based on the presence of the rare-earth element iridium (Ir). Earth’s crust contains very little of this element, but most asteroids contain a lot more. Debris thrown into the atmosphere by an asteroid collision would presumably contain large amounts of iridium, and atmospheric currents would carry this material all over the globe. A search of sedimentary deposits that span the boundary between the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods shows that there is a dramatic increase in the abundance of iridium briefly and precisely at this boundary. This iridium anomaly offers strong support for the Alvarez hypothesis even though no asteroid itself has ever been recovered. An asteroid of this size would be expected to leave an immense crater, even if the asteroid itself was disintegrated by the impact. The intense heat of the impact would produce heat-shocked quartz in many types of rock. Also, large blocks thrown aside by the impact would form secondary craters surrounding the main crater. To date, several such secondary craters have been found along Mexico ’ s Yucatan Peninsula, and heat-shocked quartz has been found both in Mexico and in Haiti. A location called Chicxulub, along the Yucatan coast, has been suggested as the primary impact site.

Paragraph 1: Cases in which many species become extinct within a geologically short interval of time are called mass extinctions. There was one such event at the end of the Cretaceous period (around 70 million years ago). There was another, even larger, mass extinction at the end of the Permian period (around 250 million years ago). The Permian event has attracted much less attention than other mass extinctions because mostly unfamiliar species perished at that time. 1.Paragraph 1 supports which of the following statements about mass extinctions? ○They take place over a period of 70 million years. ○They began during the Cretaceous period. ○They eliminate many animal species that exist at the time they occur. ○They occur every 250 million years. Paragraph 2: The fossil record shows at least five mass extinctions in which many families of marine organisms died out. The rates of extinction happening today are as great as the rates during these mass extinctions. Many scientists have therefore concluded that a sixth great mass extinction is currently in progress. 2.According to paragraph 2, scientists base their belief that a mass extinction is going on at present on which of the following? ○The speed with which mass extinctions are happening today is similar to the speed of past extinctions. ○The number of species that have died out since the last extinction event is extremely large. ○Mass extinctions occur with regularity and it is time for another one. ○Fossil records of many marine species have disappeared. Paragraph 3: What could cause such high rates of extinction? There are several hypotheses, including warming or cooling of Earth, changes in seasonal fluctuations or ocean currents, and changing positions of the continents. Biological hypotheses include ecological changes brought about by the evolution of cooperation between insects and flowering plants or of bottom-feeding predators in the oceans. Some of the proposed mechanisms required a very brief period during which all extinctions suddenly took place; other mechanisms would be more likely to have taken place more gradually, over an extended period, or at different times on different continents. Some hypotheses fail to account for simultaneous extinctions on land and in the seas. Each mass extinction may have had a different cause. Evidence points to hunting by humans and habitat destruction as the likely causes for the current mass extinction.

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