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STRING THEORY AND M-THEORY
A M O D E R N I N T R O D U C T I O N
String theory is one of the most exciting and challenging areas of modern
theoretical physics. This book guides the reader from the basics of string
theory to very recent developments at the frontier of string theory research.
The book begins with the basics of perturbative string theory, world-sheet
supersymmetry, space-time supersymmetry, conformal field theory and the
heterotic string, and moves on to describe modern developments, including
D-branes, string dualities and M-theory. It then covers string geometry
(including Calabi–Yau compactifications) and flux compactifications, and
applications to cosmology and particle physics. One chapter is dedicated
to black holes in string theory and M-theory, and the microscopic origin
of black-hole entropy. The book concludes by presenting matrix theory,
AdS/CFT duality and its generalizations.
This book is ideal for graduate students studying modern string theory, and it
will make an excellent textbook for a 1-year course on string theory. It will also
be useful for researchers interested in learning about developments in modern
string theory. The book contains about 120 solved exercises, as well as about 200
homework problems, solutions of which are available for lecturers on a pass-
word protected website at www.cambridge.org/9780521860697.
K A T R I N B E C K E R is a Professor of physics at Texas A & M University. She
was awarded the Radcliffe Fellowship from Harvard University in 2006 and
received the Alfred Sloan Fellowship in 2003.
M E L A N I E B E C K E R is a Professor of physics at Texas A & M University. In
2006 she was awarded an Edward, Frances and Shirley B. Daniels Fellowship
from the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Studies at Harvard University. In
2001 she received the Alfred Sloan Fellowship.
J O H N H . S C H W A R Z is the Harold Brown Professor of Theoretical Physics
at the California Institute of Technology. He is a MacArthur Fellow and a
member of the National Academy of Sciences.
This is the first comprehensive textbook on string theory to also offer an up-to-
date picture of the most important theoretical developments of the last decade,
including the AdS/CFT correspondence and flux compactifications, which
have played a crucial role in modern efforts to make contact with experiment.
An excellent resource for graduate students as well as researchers in high-
energy physics and cosmology.
Nima Arkani-Hamed, Harvard University
An exceptional introduction to string theory that contains a comprehensive
treatment of all aspects of the theory, including recent developments. The clear
pedagogical style and the many excellent exercises should provide the interested
student or researcher a straightforward path to the frontiers of current research.
David Gross, Director of the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of
California, Santa Barbara and winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2004
Masterfully written by pioneers of the subject, comprehensive, up-to-date and
replete with illuminating problem sets and their solutions, String Theory and
M-theory: A Modern Introduction provides an ideal preparation for research
on the current forefront of the fundamental laws of nature. It is destined to
become the standard textbook in the subject.
Andrew Strominger, Harvard University
This book is a magnificient resource for students and researchers alike in the
rapidly evolving field of string theory. It is unique in that it is targeted for
students without any knowledge of string theory and at the same time it
includes the very latest developments of the field, all presented in a very fluid
and simple form. The lucid description is nicely complemented by very instruc-
tive problems. I highly recommend this book to all researchers interested in the
beautiful field of string theory.
Cumrun Vafa, Harvard University
This elegantly written book will be a valuable resource for students looking for
an entry-way to the vast and exciting topic of string theory. The authors have
skillfully made a selection of topics aimed at helping the beginner get up to
speed. I am sure it will be widely read.
Edward Witten, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton,
winner of the Fields Medal in 1990
STRING THEORY AND M-THEORY
A Modern Introduction
KATRIN BECKER,
Texas A & M University
MELANIE BECKER,
Texas A & M University
and
JOHN H. SCHWARZ
California Institute of Technology
cambridge university press
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo
Cambridge University Press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, UK
Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521860697
© K. Becker, M. Becker and J. H. Schwarz 2007
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of
relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place
without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published in print format
2006
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978-0-511-25653-0
0-511-25653-1
eBook (EBL)
eBook (EBL)
978-0-521-86069-7
0-521-86069-5
hardback
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v
To our parents
vi
An Ode to the Unity of Time and Space
Time, ah, time,
how you go o like this!
Physical things, ah, things,
so abundant you are!
The Ruo’s waters are three thousand,
how can they not have the same source?
Time and space are one body,
mind and things sustain each other.
Time, o time,
does not time come again?
Heaven, o heaven,
how many are the appearances of heaven!
From ancient days constantly shifting on,
black holes aring up.
Time and space are one body,
is it without end?
Great indeed
is the riddle of the universe.
Beautiful indeed
is the source of truth.
To quantize space and time
the smartest are nothing.
To measure the Great Universe with a long thin tube
the learning is vast.
Shing-Tung Yau