2012 年上海华东师范大学自然地理学考研真题 一、名词解释（40 分，每题 4 分） 1.对流层 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 2.拉尼娜事件 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 3.岩相 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 4.生物放大作用 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 5.风暴潮 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 6.土壤肥力 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 7.风化壳 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 8.净初级生产率 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 9.新构造 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 10.水碱物 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 二、简答题（50 分，每题 10 分） 1.简述生物对气候变化的负反馈作用。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 

2.生态系统物质循环的规律。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 3.举例说明地质灾害及其危害。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 4.简述气候对人类健康的影响。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 5.举例说明三种以上的海岸堆积地貌。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 三、论述题（60 分，每题 20 分） 1.请举例说明人类活动（如大型水利工程）是如何影响流域地理环境、生态环境的，并提出 相关对策和措施。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 2.从物质循环的角度，简述温室气体如二氧化碳的主要源汇，如今中国在减排方面面临的挑 战，并提出对策措施。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ 3.近年来，在全球变化和人类活动的共同影响下，全球城市灾害频繁发生，特别在特大城市 和大城市中，造成了巨大的损失。请举一例说明城市自然灾害形成的特点、原因，并提出有 效的防灾抗灾措施。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________