Interlaken_Protocol_Definition_v1.2.pdf

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Interlaken Protocol Definition

Contents

Figures

Tables

1.0 Revision History

1.1 Clarifications to Revision 1.1

1.2 Changes to Revision 1.0

2.0 Definitions and Key Variables

3.0 Introduction

4.0 Applications

5.0 Interlaken Protocol

5.1 Fundamentals

5.2 Basic Concepts

5.3 Protocol Layer

5.3.1 Transmission Format

5.3.2 Burst Structure

5.3.2.1 Data Transmission Procedure

5.3.2.2 Control Word Format

5.3.3 State Diagrams

5.3.4 Flow Control

5.3.4.1 Protocol

5.3.4.2 Out-of-Band Flow Control

5.3.4.3 In-Band Flow Control

5.3.4.4 Full-Packet Mode Flow Control

5.3.4.5 Flow Control Extension

5.4 Framing Layer

5.4.1 Overview

5.4.2 64B/67B Encoding

5.4.3 Meta Frame

5.4.4 Synchronous Scrambler

5.4.5 Lane Alignment

5.4.6 Lane Diagnostics

5.4.7 Clock Compensation

5.4.8 Overhead

5.4.9 Skew Budget

5.4.10 Rate Matching

5.4.11 Error Conditions

5.4.11.1 The Receive SerDes Loses Lock

5.4.11.2 The Receive Logic Loses Word Boundary Sync

5.4.11.3 Bad Scrambler State

5.4.11.4 Lane Alignment Fails

5.4.11.5 Burst CRC24 Errors

5.4.11.6 Flow Control Errors

5.4.11.7 Unknown Control Word Types

5.4.11.8 Bad 64B/67B Codewords

5.4.11.9 Diagnostic CRC32 Errors

5.4.12 Lane Resiliency

5.5 Electrical Specifications

5.6 Recommended Statistics

5.7 Test Patterns

5.8 Latency Considerations

5.9 Performance

6.0 Bibliography

Appendix A Status Messaging

Appendix B CRC and Scrambler Calculation Details

Appendix C Interoperability Checklist

Interlaken Protocol Definition A Joint Specification of Cortina Systems and Cisco Systems Revision 1.2 October 7, 2008 Proprietary Material This document contains information proprietary to Cortina Systems Incorporated and Cisco Systems Incorporated. Any use or disclosure, in whole or in part, of this information to any third or unauthorized party, for any purposes other than that for which it is provided is expressly prohibited except as authorized by Cortina Systems or Cisco Systems in writing. This document is protected under American, Canadian, and foreign copyright legislation which provides civil and criminal penalties for copying or distribution without the authorization of Cortina Systems Incorporated or Cisco Systems Incorporated. USE OF THIS SPECIFICATION IS SUBJECT TO THE LICENSE TERMS SET FORTH ON THE FOLLOWING PAGE. © Cortina Systems Inc. and Cisco Systems Inc., 2006−2008

Interlaken Protocol Definition Revision 1.2 October 7, 2008 Legal Disclaimers Terms and Conditions Cortina Systems, Inc. (“Cortina”) and Cisco Systems, Inc. (“Cisco”) (collectively, Cortina and Cisco, “We” or “Our”) desire to encourage widespread adoption and use of the Interlaken Protocol Definition set forth in the following pages (the “Specification”). Accordingly, Cortina and Cisco are willing to grant you a license to use the Specification, at no charge, subject to your agreement and compliance with the following terms and conditions. PLEASE READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY. Cortina and Cisco grant you a non-exclusive, royalty-free, worldwide, perpetual license to create modifications, adaptations, translations and derivative works based on the Specification (collectively, “Modifications”), to develop products and systems implementing the Specification or implementing such Modifications, to make, use and sell all such products and systems, and to make copies of the Specification as necessary to exercise the foregoing rights. Cortina and Cisco reserve all rights not expressly granted above. For sake of clarity, no right is granted to disclose or distribute copies of this Specification to any third party. You may not disclose or distribute the Specification, unless you receive the express prior written consent of either Cortina or Cisco. You agree to include a copyright notice on all complete and partial copies of the Specification as follows: “Copyright © 2006 Cortina Systems, Inc. and Cisco Systems, Inc.” In the event that you create Modifications of the Specification, you agree to include a notice identifying which portions of the Specifications have been modified or added by you. In the event that you claim any intellectual property rights that are embodied in, or practiced by, any portion of the Specification (your “Related Rights”), you must agree not to enforce those intellectual property rights against Cortina, Cisco, or any licensee of the Specification, or else we are unwilling to grant you the license stated above. You hereby grant to Cortina, Cisco and all licensees of the Specification an unlimited, non-exclusive, royalty-free, worldwide, perpetual license under all of your Related Rights. YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THE SPECIFICATION IS LICENSED TO YOU ON AN “AS IS” BASIS, W ITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. FOR SAKE OF CLARITY, CORTINA AND CISCO DISCLAIM ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE SPECIFICATION, INCLUDING W ITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES, TITLE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT WILL CORTINA OR CISCO BE LIABLE TO YOU OR TO ANY THIRD PARTY FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IN CONNECTION W ITH THE SPECIFICATION, AND IN NO EVENT WILL THE CUMULATIVE LIABILITY OF EACH OF CORTINA AND CISCO FOR ANY AND ALL CLAIMS IN CONNECTION WITH THE SPECIFICATION EXCEED, IN AGGREGATE, ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS (U.S. $100.00). YOU AGREE THAT THIS PARAGRAPH IS AN ESSENTIAL BASIS OF THE RIGHTS GRANTED TO YOU ABOVE, AND THAT WE ARE UNWILLING TO GRANT YOU A LICENSE IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THIS PROVISION. By using the Specification in any manner, you are agreeing to these terms and conditions. If you do not agree to these terms and conditions, We do not grant you a license and you have no right to use the Specification, in which event your use of this Specification would be in violation of Cortina’s and Cisco’s intellectual property rights. Interlaken Page 2 Proprietary Material - © Cortina Systems Inc. and Cisco Systems, Inc. 2006−2008

Interlaken Protocol Definition Revision 1.2 October 7, 2008 Contents 5.3.3 5.3.4 Contents 1.0 Revision History ............................................................................................................................6 Clarifications to Revision 1.1 ................................................................................................6 Changes to Revision 1.0.......................................................................................................6 2.0 Definitions and Key Variables......................................................................................................8 3.0 Introduction....................................................................................................................................9 4.0 Applications.................................................................................................................................10 5.0 Interlaken Protocol......................................................................................................................11 Fundamentals..................................................................................................................... 11 5.1 Basic Concepts................................................................................................................... 11 5.2 Protocol Layer..................................................................................................................... 12 5.3 Transmission Format ............................................................................................. 12 5.3.1 5.3.2 Burst Structure....................................................................................................... 13 5.3.2.1 Data Transmission Procedure ............................................................... 13 5.3.2.1.1 Optional Scheduling Enhancement..................................... 14 5.3.2.2 Control Word Format ............................................................................. 15 State Diagrams...................................................................................................... 18 Flow Control........................................................................................................... 22 5.3.4.1 Protocol.................................................................................................. 22 5.3.4.2 Out-of-Band Flow Control ...................................................................... 23 5.3.4.2.1 Out-of-Band Flow Control Interface Timing......................... 24 In-Band Flow Control ............................................................................. 24 Full-Packet Mode Flow Control..............................................................25 Flow Control Extension.......................................................................... 25 Framing Layer..................................................................................................................... 26 5.4.1 Overview................................................................................................................ 26 5.4.2 64B/67B Encoding................................................................................................. 26 5.4.3 Meta Frame ........................................................................................................... 29 Synchronous Scrambler ........................................................................................ 30 5.4.4 5.4.5 Lane Alignment...................................................................................................... 32 5.4.6 Lane Diagnostics ................................................................................................... 33 5.4.7 Clock Compensation.............................................................................................. 33 5.4.8 Overhead............................................................................................................... 35 5.4.9 Skew Budget.......................................................................................................... 36 5.4.10 Rate Matching........................................................................................................36 5.4.11 Error Conditions..................................................................................................... 38 5.4.11.1 The Receive SerDes Loses Lock........................................................... 38 5.4.11.2 The Receive Logic Loses Word Boundary Sync.................................... 39 5.4.11.3 Bad Scrambler State.............................................................................. 39 5.4.11.4 Lane Alignment Fails ............................................................................. 39 5.4.11.5 Burst CRC24 Errors............................................................................... 39 5.4.11.6 Flow Control Errors................................................................................ 39 5.4.11.7 Unknown Control Word Types............................................................... 40 5.4.11.8 Bad 64B/67B Codewords....................................................................... 40 5.4.11.9 Diagnostic CRC32 Errors....................................................................... 40 5.4.12 Lane Resiliency ..................................................................................................... 40 Electrical Specifications...................................................................................................... 40 Recommended Statistics.................................................................................................... 40 Test Patterns ...................................................................................................................... 41 5.3.4.3 5.3.4.4 5.3.4.5 1.1 1.2 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 Interlaken Page 3 Proprietary Material - © Cortina Systems Inc. and Cisco Systems, Inc. 2006−2008

Interlaken Protocol Definition Revision 1.2 October 7, 2008 Figures 5.8 5.9 Latency Considerations ......................................................................................................43 Performance ....................................................................................................................... 44 6.0 Bibliography.................................................................................................................................45 Status Messaging........................................................................................................................46 A CRC and Scrambler Calculation Details....................................................................................48 B C Interoperability Checklist............................................................................................................51 Figures 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 XAUI Versus SPI4.2 Interfaces .......................................................................................................9 Framer/MAC to NPU/L2 or L3 Switch............................................................................................ 10 Framer/MAC to NPU/L2 or L3 Switch............................................................................................ 10 Lane Striping Example .................................................................................................................. 12 Word Formats................................................................................................................................ 13 BurstShort Guarantee Illustration .................................................................................................. 14 Control Word Format..................................................................................................................... 16 Receive Per-Lane State ................................................................................................................ 19 Receive Interface State ................................................................................................................. 20 Transmit Interface State ................................................................................................................ 21 Out-of-Band Logical Timing Diagram ............................................................................................ 23 Out-of-Band Flow Control Timing Diagram ................................................................................... 24 64B/67B Word Boundary Lock ...................................................................................................... 28 Meta Frame Structure (Per Lane).................................................................................................. 29 Synchronization and Scrambler State Words................................................................................ 30 Scrambler Synchronization State Diagram.................................................................................... 31 Interlaken Lane Alignment Segmentation (4-Lane Example)........................................................ 32 Diagnostic Word ............................................................................................................................ 33 CRC32 Calculation Illustration....................................................................................................... 33 Clock Compensation Procedure.................................................................................................... 34 Skip Word Format.......................................................................................................................... 35 Rate Matching Scenarios .............................................................................................................. 37 Device Reference.......................................................................................................................... 38 Test Pattern Architecture............................................................................................................... 42 Latency Illustration......................................................................................................................... 43 Status Message Format ................................................................................................................ 46 Out-of-Band Status Message ........................................................................................................47 Interlaken Page 4 Proprietary Material - © Cortina Systems Inc. and Cisco Systems, Inc. 2006−2008

Interlaken Protocol Definition Revision 1.2 October 7, 2008 Tables Tables 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Idle/Burst Control Word Format..................................................................................................... 17 Out-of-Band Flow Control Interface Timing................................................................................... 24 Overview of Framing Layer ........................................................................................................... 26 Inversion Bit 66.............................................................................................................................. 27 Sync Bits Encoding........................................................................................................................ 27 Meta Frame Control Word Block Types ........................................................................................ 29 Skew Budget ................................................................................................................................. 36 Rate Matching Parameters............................................................................................................ 38 Statistics ........................................................................................................................................ 40 PRBS Polynomials ........................................................................................................................ 41 Latency Parameters ...................................................................................................................... 43 Efficiency Analysis......................................................................................................................... 44 Interoperability Checklist ............................................................................................................... 51 Interlaken Page 5 Proprietary Material - © Cortina Systems Inc. and Cisco Systems, Inc. 2006−2008

Interlaken Protocol Definition Revision 1.2 October 7, 2008 1.0 Revision History 1.0 1.1 1.2 Revision History Clarifications to Revision 1.1 Since the release of revision 1.1 a number of comments and requests for clarification have been received. Revision 1.2 is not intended to change the specification itself, but just provide more clarity where needed. Also, Appendix D (recommended implementation) has been removed as this is depreciated by the Interlaken Alliance interoperability recommendations. Revision 1.2 contains the following clarifications: • Updated the Burst Segmentation Algorithm Example in Section 5.3.2.1.1, Optional Scheduling Enhancement, on page 14. • Updated Figure 7, Control Word Format, on page 16 to show the Framing Layer Control Word format as well as the Idle/Burst Control Word format. • Updated the descriptions of the In-Band Flow Control and CRC24 fields in Table 1, Idle/Burst Control Word Format, on page 17. • Updated the Figure 10, Transmit Interface State, on page 21 to use the standard Interlaken terminology for flow control (XON). • Updated the Figure 11, Out-of-Band Logical Timing Diagram, on page 23 to show that FC_DATA represents the flow control state for specific calendar entries. • Updated Section 5.4.2, 64B/67B Encoding, on page 26 to document that besides positive disparity, negative disparity versions of the Block Type codes are also possible since the Interlaken protocol can bitwise invert control words as part of its disparity algorithm. • Updated Section 5.4.2, 64B/67B Encoding, on page 26 to specify that the algorithm used for disparity control in Interlaken guarantees the running disparity will be within +/- 96-bit bound. • Updated Figure 16, Scrambler Synchronization State Diagram, on page 31 to match the text description by comparing the received Scrambler State Word to the expected scrambler state. • Removed references to CEI-6 in the Section 5.5, Electrical Specifications, on page 40. The template was updated to more closely match other Interlaken documentation, and other editorial changes were made to the specification to improve readability and add clarity. Changes to Revision 1.0 Following the release of Version 1.0 of the Interlaken Protocol, it was identified that the scrambler polynomial and reset methodology were susceptible to a determined attack to defeat the data scrambling and introduce long run lengths of consecutive identical digits into the SerDes interconnect. To avoid pathologies associated with this behavior and to eliminate this potential, a new scrambler is chosen and a change in the reset methodology were implemented. This is the primary motivation for releasing this Version 1.1 of the Protocol. Given this opportunity, additional small changes were made to the specification to improve readability, expand Skip Word and flow control calendar usage, remove unnecessary functions, and add clarity. Version 1.1 contains the following changes to Version 1.0: • Change of scrambler and scrambler reset methodology, with the corresponding addition of the Scrambler State Control Word Interlaken Page 6 Proprietary Material - © Cortina Systems Inc. and Cisco Systems, Inc. 2006−2008

Interlaken Protocol Definition Revision 1.2 October 7, 2008 1.2 Changes to Revision 1.0 • Definition of the Block Type as a 6-bit field in bit positions [63:58] of the Meta Frame Control Words • Expansion of Skip Word usage to allow additional insertion of Skip Words • Removal of the PRBS randomization of the Channel Number field of the Burst/Idle Control Words • Elimination of the re-use option of the in-band flow control field • Additional clarification usage of the flow control calendar, and the introduction of link-level flow control • Addition of an introduction to the basic concepts of the interface to improve comprehension • Addition of a table of Meta Frame Control Words • Addition of an illustration of the new Scrambler • Addition of a recommended implementation to assist with interoperability, and modification of the performance analysis • Harmonization of verb tense • Updating of references Interlaken Page 7 Proprietary Material - © Cortina Systems Inc. and Cisco Systems, Inc. 2006−2008

Interlaken Protocol Definition Revision 1.2 October 7, 2008 2.0 Definitions and Key Variables 2.0 Definitions and Key Variables BurstMax BurstShort BurstMin MetaFrameLength Word Block Type Maximum size of a data burst (multiple of 64 bytes) Minimum interval between Burst Control Words (minimum value of 32 bytes, incrementing by 8 bytes) Parameter to specify the smallest end-of-packet burst (See Section 5.3.2.1.1, Optional Scheduling Enhancement, on page 14) The quantity of data sent on each lane including one Synchronization Word, one Scrambler State Word, one Diagnostic Word, one or more Skip Words, and the data payload An 8-byte quantity, and the fundamental unit of data and control information that is transferred across the interface The first six bits of each Control Word, used to distinguish different types of Control Words: bits [63:58] for Synchronization, Skip, Scrambler State, and Diagnostic Words, and bit [63] for Burst/Idle Words) A Control Word with bit 63 = ‘1’ and Type = ‘1’ A Control Word with bit 63 = ‘1’ and Type = ‘0’ Burst Control Word Idle Control Word Synchronization Word A Control Word with Block Type = 0b011110 sent out on all lanes simultaneously with a periodicity of MetaFrameLength, used to synchronize the scrambler and perform lane alignment Skip Word Scrambler State Word A Control Word with Block Type = 0b001010, sent immediately after the Synchronization Word, used to transmit the current scrambler state to the receiver A Control Word with Block Type = 0b000111, used to provide clock compensation for repeater functions A Control Word with Block Type = 0b011001, sent immediately preceding the Synchronization Word, used to communicate a per-lane error diagnostic and optional per-lane status Diagnostic Word Lane Skew Tolerance 107 UI Interlaken Page 8 Proprietary Material - © Cortina Systems Inc. and Cisco Systems, Inc. 2006−2008

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