The DevOps 2.4 Toolkit: Continuous Deployment To Kubernetes.pdf

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Preface

Overview

Audience

About the Author

Dedication

Prerequisites

Rumblings Of An Old Men

What Is Continuous Deployment?

Deploying Stateful Applications At Scale

Creating A Cluster

Using StatefulSets To Run Stateful Applications

Using Deployments To Run Stateful Applications At Scale

Using StatefulSets To Run Stateful Applications At Scale

Using Sidecar Containers To Initialize Applications

To StatefulSet Or Not To StatefulSet

What Now?

Enabling Process Communication With Kube API Through Service Accounts

Creating A Cluster

Configuring Jenkins Kubernetes Plugin

Exploring the default ServiceAccount

Creating ServiceAccounts

Configuring Jenkins Kubernetes Plugin With ServiceAccounts

Using ServiceAccounts From Side-Car Containers

What Now?

Defining Continuous Deployment

To Continuously Deliver Or To Continuously Deploy?

Defining Continuous Deployment Goals

Defining Continuous Deployment Steps

Creating A Cluster

Creating Namespaces Dedicated To Continuous Deployment Processes

Defining A Pod With The Tools

Executing Continuous Integration Inside Containers

Running Functional Tests

Creating Production Releases

Deploying To Production

Running Production Tests

Cleaning Up Pipeline Leftovers

Did We Do It?

What Now?

Packaging Kubernetes Applications

Creating A Cluster

What Is Helm?

Installing Helm

Installing Helm Charts

Customizing Helm Installations

Rolling Back Helm Revisions

Using YAML Values To Customize Helm Installations

Creating Helm Charts

Exploring Files That Constitute A Chart

Upgrading Charts

Helm vs. OpenShift Templates

What Now?

Distributing Kubernetes Applications

Creating A Cluster And Retrieving Its IP

Using ChartMuseum

Using Monocular

What Now?

Installing and Setting Up Jenkins

Creating A Cluster And Retrieving Its IP

Running Jenkins

Using Pods to Run Tools

Running Builds In Different Namespaces

Creating Nodes For Building Container Images

Testing Docker Builds Outside The Cluster

Automating Jenkins Installation And Setup

What Now?

Creating A Continuous Deployment Pipeline With Jenkins

Exploring The Continuous Deployment Process

Creating A Cluster

Installing Jenkins

Defining The Build Stage

Defining The Functional Testing Stage

Defining The Release Stage

Defining The Deploy Stage

What Are We Missing In Our Pipeline?

Reusing Pipeline Snippets Through Global Pipeline Libraries

Consulting Global Pipeline Libraries Documentation

Using Jenkinsfile & Multistage Builds

What Now?

Continuous Delivery With Jenkins And GitOps

Creating A Cluster

Defining The Whole Production Environment

What Is The Continuous Delivery Pipeline?

Exploring Application’s Repository And Preparing The Environment

Switching From Scripted To Declarative Pipeline

Demystifying Declarative Pipeline Through A Practical Example

Creating And Running A Continuous Delivery Job

What Is GitOps And Do We Want It?

Upgrading The Production Environment Using GitOps Practices

Creating A Jenkins Job That Upgrades The Whole Production Environment

Automating Upgrade Of The Production Environment

High-Level Overview Of The Continuous Delivery Pipeline

To Continuously Deploy Or To Continuously Deliver?

What Now?

Appendix A: Installing kubectl and Creating A Cluster With minikube

Running Kubernetes Cluster Locally

Installing kubectl

Installing Minikube

Creating A Local Kubernetes Cluster With Minikube

What Now?

Appendix B: Using Kubernetes Operations (kops)

Preparing For The Cluster Setup

Creating A Kubernetes Cluster In AWS

Installing Ingress And Tiller (Server Side Helm)

Destroying The Cluster

The DevOps 2.4 Toolkit: Continuous Deployment To Kubernetes Continuously deploying applications with Jenkins to a Kubernetes cluster Viktor Farcic This book is for sale at http://leanpub.com/the-devops-2-4-toolkit This version was published on 2018-08-17 * * * * * This is a Leanpub book. Leanpub empowers authors and publishers with the Lean Publishing process. Lean Publishing is the act of publishing an in-progress ebook using lightweight tools and many iterations to get reader feedback, pivot until you have the right book and build traction once you do. * * * * * © 2018 Viktor Farcic

Table of Contents Preface Overview Audience About the Author Dedication Prerequisites Rumblings Of An Old Men What Is Continuous Deployment? Deploying Stateful Applications At Scale Creating A Cluster Using StatefulSets To Run Stateful Applications Using Deployments To Run Stateful Applications At Scale Using StatefulSets To Run Stateful Applications At Scale Using Sidecar Containers To Initialize Applications To StatefulSet Or Not To StatefulSet What Now? Enabling Process Communication With Kube API Through Service Accounts Creating A Cluster Configuring Jenkins Kubernetes Plugin Exploring the default ServiceAccount Creating ServiceAccounts Configuring Jenkins Kubernetes Plugin With ServiceAccounts Using ServiceAccounts From Side-Car Containers What Now? Defining Continuous Deployment To Continuously Deliver Or To Continuously Deploy? Defining Continuous Deployment Goals

Defining Continuous Deployment Steps Creating A Cluster Creating Namespaces Dedicated To Continuous Deployment Processes Defining A Pod With The Tools Executing Continuous Integration Inside Containers Running Functional Tests Creating Production Releases Deploying To Production Running Production Tests Cleaning Up Pipeline Leftovers Did We Do It? What Now? Packaging Kubernetes Applications Creating A Cluster What Is Helm? Installing Helm Installing Helm Charts Customizing Helm Installations Rolling Back Helm Revisions Using YAML Values To Customize Helm Installations Creating Helm Charts Exploring Files That Constitute A Chart Upgrading Charts Helm vs. OpenShift Templates What Now? Distributing Kubernetes Applications Creating A Cluster And Retrieving Its IP Using ChartMuseum Using Monocular What Now? Installing and Setting Up Jenkins Creating A Cluster And Retrieving Its IP Running Jenkins Using Pods to Run Tools

Running Builds In Different Namespaces Creating Nodes For Building Container Images Testing Docker Builds Outside The Cluster Automating Jenkins Installation And Setup What Now? Creating A Continuous Deployment Pipeline With Jenkins Exploring The Continuous Deployment Process Creating A Cluster Installing Jenkins Defining The Build Stage Defining The Functional Testing Stage Defining The Release Stage Defining The Deploy Stage What Are We Missing In Our Pipeline? Reusing Pipeline Snippets Through Global Pipeline Libraries Consulting Global Pipeline Libraries Documentation Using Jenkinsfile & Multistage Builds What Now? Continuous Delivery With Jenkins And GitOps Creating A Cluster Defining The Whole Production Environment What Is The Continuous Delivery Pipeline? Exploring Application’s Repository And Preparing The Environment Switching From Scripted To Declarative Pipeline Demystifying Declarative Pipeline Through A Practical Example Creating And Running A Continuous Delivery Job What Is GitOps And Do We Want It? Upgrading The Production Environment Using GitOps Practices Creating A Jenkins Job That Upgrades The Whole Production Environment Automating Upgrade Of The Production Environment High-Level Overview Of The Continuous Delivery Pipeline To Continuously Deploy Or To Continuously Deliver? What Now?

Appendix A: Installing kubectl and Creating A Cluster With minikube Running Kubernetes Cluster Locally Installing kubectl Installing Minikube Creating A Local Kubernetes Cluster With Minikube What Now? Appendix B: Using Kubernetes Operations (kops) Preparing For The Cluster Setup Creating A Kubernetes Cluster In AWS Installing Ingress And Tiller (Server Side Helm) Destroying The Cluster

Preface Soon after I started working on The DevOps 2.3 Toolkit: Kubernetes, I realized that a single book could only scratch the surface. Kubernetes is vast, and no single book can envelop even all the core components. If we add community projects, the scope becomes even more extensive. Then we need to include hosting vendors and different ways to set up and manage Kubernetes. That would inevitably lead us to third-party solutions like OpenShift, Rancher, and DockerEE, to name a few. It doesn’t end there. We’d need to explore other types of community and third-party additions like those related to networking and storage. And don’t forget the processes like, for example, continuous delivery and deployment. All those things could not be explored in a single book so The DevOps 2.3 Toolkit: Kubernetes ended up being an introduction to Kubernetes. It can serve as the base for exploring everything else. The moment I published the last chapter of The DevOps 2.3 Toolkit: Kubernetes, I started working on the next material. A lot of ideas and tryouts came out of it. It took me a while until the subject and the form of the forthcoming book materialized. After a lot of consultation with the readers of the previous book, the decision was made to explore continuous delivery and deployment processes in a Kubernetes cluster. The high-level scope of the book you are reading right now was born.

Overview Just like the other books I wrote, this one does not have a fixed scope. I did not start with an index. I didn’t write a summary of each chapter in an attempt to define the scope. I do not do such things. There is only a high-level goal to explore continuous delivery and deployment inside Kubernetes clusters. What I did do, though, was to set a few guidelines. The first guideline is that all the examples will be tested on all major Kubernetes platforms. Well, that might be a bit far-fetched. I’m aware that any sentence that mentions “all” together with “Kubernetes” is bound to be incorrect. New platforms are popping out like mushrooms after rain. Still, what I can certainly do is to choose a few of the most commonly used ones. Minikube and Docker for Mac or Windows should undoubtedly be there for those who prefer to “play” with Docker locally. AWS is the biggest hosting provider so Kubernetes Operations (kops) must be included as well. Since it would be silly to cover only un-managed cloud, I had to include managed Kubernetes clusters as well. Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) is the obvious choice. It is the most stable and features rich managed Kubernetes solution. Adding GKE to the mix means that Azure Container Service (AKS) and Amazon’s Elastic Container Service (EKS) should be included as well so that we can have the “big trio” of the hosting vendors that offer managed Kubernetes. Unfortunately, even though AKS is available, it is, at this moment (June 2018), still too unstable and it’s missing a lot of features. So, I’m forced to scale down from the trio to the GKE and EKS duo as representatives of managed Kubernetes we’ll explore. Finally, a possible on-prem solution should be included as well. Since OpenShift shines in that area, the choice was relatively easy.

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