第1页 / 共364页
第2页 / 共364页
第3页 / 共364页
第4页 / 共364页
第5页 / 共364页
第6页 / 共364页
第7页 / 共364页
第8页 / 共364页
VxWorks Network Programmer's Guide 5.5[2003,364P].pdf
VxWorks Network Programmer's Guide
Contents
1 Overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Chapter Overviews
1.3 UML Notation
1.4 Recommended Reading
2 The VxWorks Network Stack
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Supported Protocols and Utilities
2.3 Setting Task Priorities Relative to the Networking Task
3 Data Link Layer Components
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Ethernet Driver Support
3.2.1 BPF, the BSD Packet Filter
3.2.2 Additional Filter Syntax
3.3 The Shared-Memory Backplane Network Driver
3.3.1 The Backplane Shared-Memory Region
Backplane Processor Numbers
The Shared-Memory Network Master
The Shared-Memory Anchor
The Shared-Memory Backplane Network Heartbeat
Shared-Memory Location
Shared Memory Size
Test-and-Set to Shared Memory
3.3.2 Interprocessor Interrupts
3.3.3 Sequential Addressing
3.3.4 Shared-Memory Backplane Network Configuration
Example Configuration
Troubleshooting
3.4 Custom Interfaces
4 Configuring the Network Stack
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Summary of Configuration Settings
4.3 Configuring the Network Stack at Build Time
4.3.1 Network Protocol Scalability
4.3.2 Configuring the ARP, IP, TCP, UDP, IGMP, and ICMP Protocols
TCP Window Sizes
4.3.3 Network Memory Pool Configuration
Setting the Number of Clusters
4.3.4 Testing Network Connections
4.3.5 Supporting Multiple Network Interface Drivers
Configuring the Network Stack for Multiple Drivers
4.4 Overview of TCP/IP
4.5 Configuring the IP-to-Link Layer Interface
4.5.1 Binding IP to the MUX (Link Layer)
4.5.2 Assigning an IP Address and Network Mask to an Interface
Interfaces Configured from the Boot Line
Assigning the Net Mask to a Network Interface
Assigning the Internet Address for a Network Interface
Manually Starting Additional Network Interfaces at Run-Time
4.5.3 Configuring IP Broadcast Addresses
4.6 IGMP under VxWorks
4.6.1 Including IGMPv2
4.6.2 IGMPv2 APIs
IGMPv2 Host Initialization
IGMPv2 Router Initialization and Termination
IGMPv2 Router Control
Working with VIFs (Ports) and ifnet Structure Pointers
4.7 Manually Editing the Routing Table
4.7.1 Adding Gateways (Routers) to a Network
4.8 Proxy ARP for Transparent Subnets
4.8.1 Proxy ARP Protocol Overview
4.8.2 Routing and the Proxy ARP Server
4.8.3 Proxy ARP and Broadcast Datagrams
4.8.4 Proxy ARP Configuration
Proxy ARP not Limited To a Shared Memory Network
Proxy ARP with Shared Memory and IP Routing
Setting Up Boot Parameters and Booting
Creating Network Connections
Routing Configuration for Multi-Homed Proxy Clients
Broadcasts Configuration for Multi-Homed Proxy Clients
4.9 Using Unnumbered Interfaces
4.10 Network Byte Order
4.11 Assigning Host Names to IP Addresses
5 Network Configuration Protocols
5.1 Introduction
5.2 BOOTP, Bootstrap Protocol
5.2.1 BOOTP Configuration
The BOOTP Database
Editing the BOOTP Database to Register a Target
5.3 DHCP, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
5.3.1 Including DHCP Components in an Image
5.3.2 Configuring the DHCP Client
5.3.3 Configuring DHCP Servers
Configuring the Supported DHCP Server
Adding Entries to the Database of a Running DHCP Server
Storing and Retrieving Active Network Configurations
Configuring the Unsupported DHCP Server
5.3.4 Configuring the Supported DHCP Relay Agent
5.3.5 DHCP within an Application
5.4 Boot Parameters for DHCP, BOOTP, and Network Initialization
5.4.1 Boot Parameters Returned from DHCP or BOOTP
5.5 SNMP, Simple Network Management Protocol
SNMP is a Separately Purchasable Option
6 Dynamic Routing Protocols
6.1 Introduction
6.2 RIP, Routing Information Protocol
6.2.1 VxWorks Debugging Routines for RIP
6.2.2 Configuring RIP
6.2.3 Creating an Interface Exclusion List for RIP
7 Sockets under VxWorks
7.1 Introduction
7.2 BSD Sockets under VxWorks
7.2.1 Initial Setup for a Socket under VxWorks
Creating a Socket Descriptor
Setting Socket Options
Binding a Name to a Socket
7.2.2 Creating the Connection for Stream Sockets
7.2.3 Sending and Receiving Data Using Sockets
7.2.4 Closing or Shutting Down a Socket Connection
7.2.5 Support Functions for Working with Internet Addresses
7.2.6 Datagram Sockets (UDP)
Using a Datagram Socket to Implement a Client-Server Communication System
Using a Datagram (UDP) Socket to Access IP Multicasting
7.2.7 Stream Sockets (TCP)
7.3 Zbuf Sockets
7.3.1 Zbuf Sockets and Protection Domains
7.3.2 Zbuf Calls to Send Existing Data Buffers
7.3.3 Manipulating the Zbuf Data Structure
Zbuf Byte Locations
Creating and Destroying Zbufs
Getting Data In and Out of Zbufs
Operations on Zbufs
Segments of Zbufs
Example: Manipulating Zbuf Structure
Limitations of the Zbuf Implementation
7.3.4 Zbuf Socket Calls
Standard Socket Calls and Zbuf Socket Calls
8 Remote Access Applications
8.1 Introduction
8.2 RSH, FTP, and netDrv
8.2.1 RSH
Configuring the Remote Host to Allow Access to an RSH User
8.2.2 FTP
8.2.3 Using netDrv
Using netDrv to Download Run-Time Images
8.3 NFS and nfsDrv
8.3.1 VxWorks NFS Clients
8.3.2 NFS Servers
Initializing a File System for NFS Export
Exporting a File System through NFS
Limitations of the VxWorks NFS Server
About leofs
8.4 TFTP
8.4.1 Host TFTP Server
8.4.2 VxWorks TFTP Server
8.4.3 VxWorks TFTP Client
8.5 RPC Remote Procedure Calls
8.6 rlogin
8.7 telnet
9 DNS and SNTP
9.1 Introduction
9.2 DNS: Domain Name System
9.2.1 Domain Names
9.2.2 The Resolver
Resolver Integration
Resolver Configuration
9.3 SNTP: A Time Protocol
9.3.1 Using the SNTP Client
9.3.2 Using the SNTP Server
10 Integrating a New Network Interface Driver
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 The MUX and the OSI Network Model
10.1.2 The Protocol-to-MUX Interface
10.1.3 The Datalink-to-MUX Interface
10.1.4 How ENDs and NPT Drivers Differ
10.1.5 Managing Memory for Network Drivers and Services
10.1.6 Supporting Scatter-Gather in Your Driver
10.1.7 Early Link-Level Header Allocation in an NPT Driver
10.1.8 Buffer Alignment
10.2 END Implementation
10.2.1 END Operation
Adding an END to VxWorks
Launching the Driver
Binding to a Service
Receiving Frames in Interrupt Mode
10.2.2 The END Interface to the MUX
Data Structures Shared by the END and the MUX
END Entry Points Exported to the MUX
10.3 NPT Driver Implementation
10.3.1 NPT Driver Operation
Adding an NPT Driver to VxWorks
Launching the Driver
Responding to Network Service Bind Calls
Receiving Frames in Interrupt Mode
10.3.2 NPT Driver Interface to the MUX
Data Structures Used by the Driver
NPT Driver Entry Points Exported to the MUX
10.4 Porting a BSD Driver to the MUX
10.4.1 Remove Unit Number References
10.4.2 Create an END Object to Represent the Device
10.4.3 Implementing the Standard END or NPT Entry Points
Rewrite xxattach() to Use an npt/endLoad() Interface
The xxReceive() Routine Still Handles Task-Level Packets
Rewrite xxOutput() to Use an npt/endSend() Interface
The xxIoctl() Routine is the Basis of npt/endIoctl()
Implement All Remaining Required END or NPT Entry Points
10.5 Supporting Multiple Network Interface Drivers
10.5.1 Configuring VxWorks for Multiple Drivers
10.5.2 Starting Additional Drivers at Run-Time
10.6 Avoiding Memory Leaks
11 Integrating a New Network Service
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Writing a Network Service Sublayer
11.2.1 Interface Initialization
11.2.2 Data Structures and Resources
11.2.3 Sublayer Routines
Sending Packets
Receiving Packets
Shutting Down an Interface
Error Reporting
Flow Control
Device Control
11.3 Interfacing with the MUX
11.3.1 Service Functions Registered Using muxTkBind()
11.3.2 Service Functions Registered Using muxBind()
11.4 Adding a Socket Interface to Your Service
Process Overview
11.4.1 Implementing a Socket Back End
The Socket Functional Interface
The sockLibAdd() Function
11.4.2 Enabling Zbuf Support Within a Socket Back End
11.4.3 Implementing Socket Functions
Implementation Recommendations for the Elements of a SOCK_FUNC Table
Socket Functions Passed to iosDrvInstall()
A Using netBufLib
A.1 Introduction
A.2 How a netBufLib Pool Organizes Memory
A.3 Setting Up a Memory Pool
A.4 Storing and Using Data in Clusters
A.5 Freeing mBlks, clBlks, and Clusters
A.6 Macros for Buffer Manipulation
A.7 The netBufLib Library
B MUX/NPT Routines and Data Structures
B.1 Introduction
B.2 MUX Routines
B.2.1 muxAddrResFuncAdd()
B.2.2 muxAddrResFuncDel()
B.2.3 muxAddrResFuncGet()
B.2.4 muxAddressForm()
B.2.5 muxBind()
B.2.6 muxDevExists()
B.2.7 muxDevLoad()
B.2.8 muxDevStart()
B.2.9 muxDevStop()
B.2.10 muxDevUnload()
B.2.11 muxError()
B.2.12 muxIoctl()
B.2.13 muxMCastAddrAdd()
B.2.14 muxMCastAddrDel()
B.2.15 muxMCastAddrGet()
B.2.16 muxTkBind()
B.2.17 muxTkDrvCheck()
B.2.18 muxTkPollReceive()
B.2.19 muxTkPollSend()
B.2.20 muxTkReceive()
B.2.21 muxTkSend()
B.2.22 muxTxRestart()
B.2.23 muxUnbind()
B.3 Data Structures
B.3.1 DEV_OBJ
B.3.2 END_ERR
B.3.3 END_OBJ
B.3.4 END_QUERY
B.3.5 LL_HDR_INFO
B.3.6 M2_INTERFACETBL and M2-ID
B.3.7 mBlk
B.3.8 MULTI_TABLE
B.3.9 NET_FUNCS
C PPP, SLIP, and CSLIP
C.1 Introduction
C.2 Serial Driver Support
C.2.1 SLIP and CSLIP Configuration
C.3 PPP, the Point-to-Point Protocol for Serial Line IP
C.3.1 PPP Configuration
Setting PPP Options when Configuring VxWorks
Setting PPP Options Using an Options Structure
Setting PPP Options Using an Options File
C.3.2 Using PPP
Initializing a PPP Link
Deleting a PPP Link
PPP Authentication
Connect and Disconnect Hooks
C.3.3 Troubleshooting PPP
Link Establishment
Authentication
C.3.4 PPP Option Descriptions
Index
5.5
VxWorks
®
Network Programmer’s Guide
EDITION 2
Copyright 2003 Wind River Systems, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any
form or by any means without the prior written permission of Wind River Systems, Inc.
Wind River, the Wind River logo, Tornado, and VxWorks are registered trademarks of
Wind River Systems, Inc. Any third-party trademarks referenced are the property of their
respective owners. For further information regarding Wind River trademarks, please see:
http://www.windriver.com/company/terms/trademark.html
Corporate Headquarters
Wind River Systems, Inc.
500 Wind River Way
Alameda, CA 94501-1153
U.S.A.
toll free (U.S.): (800) 545-WIND
telephone: (510) 748-4100
facsimile: (510) 749-2010
For additional contact information, please visit the Wind River URL:
http://www.windriver.com
For information on how to contact Customer Support, please visit the following URL:
http://www.windriver.com/support
VxWorks Network Programmer’s Guide, 5.5
Edition 2
23 Apr 03
Part #: DOC-14618-ND-01
Contents
1
Overview ...................................................................................................................
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Introduction ......................................................................................................
Chapter Overviews ..........................................................................................
UML Notation ...................................................................................................
Recommended Reading ..................................................................................
2
The VxWorks Network Stack ...................................................................................
2.1
2.2
2.3
Introduction ......................................................................................................
Supported Protocols and Utilities ..................................................................
Setting Task Priorities Relative to the Networking Task ............................
1
1
2
8
11
13
13
13
16
3
Data Link Layer Components ..................................................................................
19
3.1
3.2
Introduction ......................................................................................................
Ethernet Driver Support ..................................................................................
BPF, the BSD Packet Filter ................................................................
3.2.1
3.2.2
Additional Filter Syntax ....................................................................
19
19
20
21
iii
VxWorks
Network Programmer’s Guide, 5.5
3.3
The Shared-Memory Backplane Network Driver .......................................
3.3.1
The Backplane Shared-Memory Region .........................................
Backplane Processor Numbers ........................................................
The Shared-Memory Network Master ...........................................
The Shared-Memory Anchor ...........................................................
The Shared-Memory Backplane Network Heartbeat ...................
Shared-Memory Location .................................................................
Shared Memory Size .........................................................................
Test-and-Set to Shared Memory ......................................................
Interprocessor Interrupts ..................................................................
Sequential Addressing ......................................................................
Shared-Memory Backplane Network Configuration ...................
Example Configuration .....................................................................
Troubleshooting .................................................................................
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.4
Custom Interfaces ............................................................................................
21
22
22
23
23
25
25
26
27
27
28
32
33
38
40
4
Configuring the Network Stack ...............................................................................
41
4.1
4.2
4.3
Introduction ......................................................................................................
Summary of Configuration Settings ..............................................................
Configuring the Network Stack at Build Time ............................................
4.3.1 Network Protocol Scalability ...........................................................
Configuring the ARP, IP, TCP, UDP, IGMP, and ICMP Protocols
4.3.2
TCP Window Sizes ............................................................................
4.3.3 Network Memory Pool Configuration ...........................................
Setting the Number of Clusters .......................................................
Testing Network Connections .........................................................
Supporting Multiple Network Interface Drivers ..........................
Configuring the Network Stack for Multiple Drivers ..................
4.3.4
4.3.5
4.4
Overview of TCP/IP .......................................................................................
41
41
44
45
46
49
50
53
56
58
58
58
iv
Contents
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
Configuring the IP-to-Link Layer Interface ..................................................
4.5.1
Binding IP to the MUX (Link Layer) ...............................................
Assigning an IP Address and Network Mask to an Interface .....
4.5.2
Interfaces Configured from the Boot Line ......................................
Assigning the Net Mask to a Network Interface ...........................
Assigning the Internet Address for a Network Interface .............
Manually Starting Additional Network Interfaces at Run-Time
Configuring IP Broadcast Addresses ..............................................
4.5.3
IGMP under VxWorks .....................................................................................
Including IGMPv2 .............................................................................
4.6.1
4.6.2
IGMPv2 APIs ......................................................................................
IGMPv2 Host Initialization ..............................................................
IGMPv2 Router Initialization and Termination ............................
IGMPv2 Router Control ....................................................................
Working with VIFs (Ports) and ifnet Structure Pointers ..............
Manually Editing the Routing Table .............................................................
4.7.1
Adding Gateways (Routers) to a Network ....................................
Proxy ARP for Transparent Subnets ..............................................................
Proxy ARP Protocol Overview ........................................................
4.8.1
4.8.2
Routing and the Proxy ARP Server .................................................
Proxy ARP and Broadcast Datagrams ............................................
4.8.3
4.8.4
Proxy ARP Configuration .................................................................
Proxy ARP not Limited To a Shared Memory Network ..............
Proxy ARP with Shared Memory and IP Routing ........................
Setting Up Boot Parameters and Booting .......................................
Creating Network Connections .......................................................
Routing Configuration for Multi-Homed Proxy Clients ..............
Broadcasts Configuration for Multi-Homed Proxy Clients .........
4.9
Using Unnumbered Interfaces .......................................................................
4.10
Network Byte Order ........................................................................................
60
61
61
62
62
65
67
70
71
72
72
73
73
73
74
74
75
81
82
82
84
85
85
86
86
87
89
89
90
92
v
VxWorks
Network Programmer’s Guide, 5.5
4.11
Assigning Host Names to IP Addresses .......................................................
5
Network Configuration Protocols ...........................................................................
Introduction ......................................................................................................
BOOTP, Bootstrap Protocol .............................................................................
BOOTP Configuration ......................................................................
5.2.1
The BOOTP Database ........................................................................
Editing the BOOTP Database to Register a Target ........................
93
95
95
96
97
97
98
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
DHCP, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol ............................................
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.3
99
Including DHCP Components in an Image ................................... 100
Configuring the DHCP Client ......................................................... 101
Configuring DHCP Servers .............................................................. 102
Configuring the Supported DHCP Server ..................................... 102
Adding Entries to the Database of a Running DHCP Server ...... 105
Storing and Retrieving Active Network Configurations ............. 106
Configuring the Unsupported DHCP Server ................................ 108
Configuring the Supported DHCP Relay Agent .......................... 109
DHCP within an Application .......................................................... 110
5.3.4
5.3.5
Boot Parameters for DHCP, BOOTP, and Network Initialization ............. 111
Boot Parameters Returned from DHCP or BOOTP ...................... 113
5.4.1
SNMP, Simple Network Management Protocol .......................................... 115
SNMP is a Separately Purchasable Option .................................... 116
6
Dynamic Routing Protocols .................................................................................... 117
6.1
6.2
Introduction ...................................................................................................... 117
RIP, Routing Information Protocol ................................................................ 117
6.2.1
VxWorks Debugging Routines for RIP ........................................... 118
Configuring RIP ................................................................................. 119
6.2.2
vi
Contents
6.2.3
Creating an Interface Exclusion List for RIP .................................. 122
7
Sockets under VxWorks .......................................................................................... 123
7.1
7.2
7.3
Introduction ...................................................................................................... 123
BSD Sockets under VxWorks .......................................................................... 124
Initial Setup for a Socket under VxWorks ...................................... 126
7.2.1
Creating a Socket Descriptor ............................................................ 126
Setting Socket Options ...................................................................... 127
Binding a Name to a Socket .............................................................. 130
Creating the Connection for Stream Sockets .................................. 132
Sending and Receiving Data Using Sockets ................................... 133
Closing or Shutting Down a Socket Connection ........................... 135
Support Functions for Working with Internet Addresses ............ 136
Datagram Sockets (UDP) .................................................................. 136
Using a Datagram Socket to Implement a Client-Server
7.2.2
7.2.3
7.2.4
7.2.5
7.2.6
Communication System ..................................................... 137
Using a Datagram (UDP) Socket to Access IP Multicasting ........ 141
Stream Sockets (TCP) ........................................................................ 146
7.2.7
Zbuf Sockets ...................................................................................................... 153
7.3.1
Zbuf Sockets and Protection Domains ............................................ 154
7.3.2
Zbuf Calls to Send Existing Data Buffers ....................................... 154
7.3.3 Manipulating the Zbuf Data Structure ........................................... 154
Zbuf Byte Locations ........................................................................... 155
Creating and Destroying Zbufs ....................................................... 156
Getting Data In and Out of Zbufs .................................................... 156
Operations on Zbufs .......................................................................... 157
Segments of Zbufs .............................................................................. 158
Example: Manipulating Zbuf Structure .......................................... 159
Limitations of the Zbuf Implementation ........................................ 163
Zbuf Socket Calls ............................................................................... 163
Standard Socket Calls and Zbuf Socket Calls ................................ 164
7.3.4
vii
VxWorks
Network Programmer’s Guide, 5.5
8
Remote Access Applications .................................................................................. 169
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
Introduction ...................................................................................................... 169
RSH, FTP, and netDrv ..................................................................................... 170
8.2.1
RSH ...................................................................................................... 171
Configuring the Remote Host to Allow Access to an RSH User
172
FTP ....................................................................................................... 172
Using netDrv ...................................................................................... 173
Using netDrv to Download Run-Time Images ............................. 173
8.2.2
8.2.3
NFS and nfsDrv ................................................................................................ 175
8.3.1
VxWorks NFS Clients ........................................................................ 176
8.3.2 NFS Servers ........................................................................................ 178
Initializing a File System for NFS Export ....................................... 179
Exporting a File System through NFS ............................................ 179
Limitations of the VxWorks NFS Server ........................................ 180
About leofs .......................................................................................... 180
TFTP ................................................................................................................... 181
8.4.1 Host TFTP Server ............................................................................... 181
8.4.2
VxWorks TFTP Server ....................................................................... 181
VxWorks TFTP Client ....................................................................... 182
8.4.3
RPC Remote Procedure Calls ......................................................................... 182
rlogin .................................................................................................................. 182
telnet .................................................................................................................. 183
9
DNS and SNTP .......................................................................................................... 185
9.1
9.2
Introduction ...................................................................................................... 185
DNS: Domain Name System .......................................................................... 185
Domain Names .................................................................................. 186
9.2.1
viii
相关推荐
2023年江西萍乡中考道德与法治真题及答案.doc
2012年重庆南川中考生物真题及答案.doc
2013年江西师范大学地理学综合及文艺理论基础考研真题.doc
2020年四川甘孜小升初语文真题及答案I卷.doc
2020年注册岩土工程师专业基础考试真题及答案.doc
2023-2024学年福建省厦门市九年级上学期数学月考试题及答案.doc
2021-2022学年辽宁省沈阳市大东区九年级上学期语文期末试题及答案.doc
2022-2023学年北京东城区初三第一学期物理期末试卷及答案.doc
2018上半年江西教师资格初中地理学科知识与教学能力真题及答案.doc
2012年河北国家公务员申论考试真题及答案-省级.doc
2020-2021学年江苏省扬州市江都区邵樊片九年级上学期数学第一次质量检测试题及答案.doc
2022下半年黑龙江教师资格证中学综合素质真题及答案.doc
