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Centos7.4 安装 Oracle 11gR2 RAC
安装准备
1.网络环境
网关
192.168.0.253
无
192.168.0.253
无
公共
私有
公共
私有
节点
节点一
节点二
虚拟 IP
SCAN IP
2.软件准备
IP
192.168.0.161/24
192.168.4.161/24
192.168.0.162/24
192.168.4.162/24
192.168.0.163
192.168.0.164
192.168.0.165
192.168.0.166
192.168.0.167
安装 RAC11.2.0.4 版本我们只需要准备下面 3 个安装包,前两个安装包为 oracle database,第三个为 Grid
Infrastructure.
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p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
这里我将前两个包放在了/home/目录下并进行了解压,第三个包放在了/opt/目录下并进行了解压 。
3.主机系统环境(所有节点均要进行修改)
1)修改 OS 系统标识
Oracle 默认不支持 CentOS 系统安装,我们需要将系统标识修改为 Redhat
echo "Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.4 (Maipo)" > /etc/redhat-release
2)修改主机名
节点一
hostnamectl set-hostname ol7-112-rac1.localdomain
节点二
hostnamectl set-hostname ol7-112-rac2.localdomain
3)修改系统内核参数
echo "fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048586" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
让修改后的内核参数生效
/sbin/sysctl -p
4)修改 hosts 文件
echo "# Public
192.168.0.161
192.168.0.162
# Private
192.168.4.161
192.168.4.162
# Virtual
192.168.0.163
192.168.0.164
# SCAN
192.168.0.165
192.168.0.166
192.168.0.167
# NAS
#192.168.0.9
ol7-112-rac1.localdomain
ol7-112-rac2.localdomain
ol7-112-rac1
ol7-112-rac2
ol7-112-rac1-priv.localdomain
ol7-112-rac2-priv.localdomain
ol7-112-rac1-priv
ol7-112-rac2-priv
ol7-112-rac1-vip.localdomain
ol7-112-rac2-vip.localdomain
ol7-112-rac1-vip
ol7-112-rac2-vip
ol7-112-scan.localdomain ol7-112-scan
ol7-112-scan.localdomain ol7-112-scan
ol7-112-scan.localdomain ol7-112-scan
nas1.localdomain nas1" >> /etc/hosts
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5)修改操作系统资源限制
echo "#ORACLE
oracle
oracle
oracle
oracle
oracle
echo "session
soft
hard
soft
hard
soft
required
6)创建用户和组
2047
16384
nproc
nproc
nofile 4096
nofile 65536
stack
10240" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
pam_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login
groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
groupadd -g 54322 dba
groupadd -g 54323 oper
groupadd -g 54327 asmdba
groupadd -g 54328 asmoper
groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin
useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper grid
useradd -u 54322 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmadmin,asmdba oracle
7)分别为 grid 和 oracle 用户设置密码
passwd grid
passwd oracle
8)修改 oracle 用户环境变量
节点一:在/home/oracle/.bash_profile 末尾添加
# Oracle Settings
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ol7-112-rac1.localdomain
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=RAC
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0.4/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=RAC1
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export BASE_PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$BASE_PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
节点二:在/home/oracle/.bash_profile 末尾添加
# Oracle Settings
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ol7-112-rac2.localdomain
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=RAC
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
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export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0.4/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=RAC2
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export BASE_PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$BASE_PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
9)修改 grid 用户环境变量
节点一:在/home/grid/.bash_profile 末尾添加
# Grid Settings
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid
export BASE_PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$BASE_PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
节点二:在/home/grid/.bash_profile 末尾添加
# Grid Settings
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM2
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid
export BASE_PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$BASE_PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jli
10)创建目录及授权
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0.4/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/11.2.0.4
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1
chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1
chmod -R 0775 /u01
11)安装 grid 与 oracle 所需的软件环境
yum install binutils -y
yum install compat-libstdc++-33 -y
yum install compat-libstdc++-33.i686 -y
yum install gcc -y
yum install gcc-c++ -y
yum install glibc -y
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yum install glibc.i686 -y
yum install glibc-devel -y
yum install glibc-devel.i686 -y
yum install ksh -y
yum install libgcc -y
yum install libgcc.i686 -y
yum install libstdc++ -y
yum install libstdc++.i686 -y
yum install libstdc++-devel -y
yum install libstdc++-devel.i686 -y
yum install libaio -y
yum install libaio.i686 -y
yum install libaio-devel -y
yum install libaio-devel.i686 -y
yum install libXext -y
yum install libXext.i686 -y
yum install libXtst -y
yum install libXtst.i686 -y
yum install libX11 -y
yum install libX11.i686 -y
yum install libXau -y
yum install libXau.i686 -y
yum install libxcb -y
yum install libxcb.i686 -y
yum install libXi -y
yum install libXi.i686 -y
yum install make -y
yum install sysstat -y
yum install unixODBC -y
yum install unixODBC-devel -y
yum install zlib-devel -y
yum install elfutils-libelf-devel -y
yum install xterm -yum
yum install xorg-x11-xauth -y
yum install perl-Switch -y
12)设置 selinux 并使之生效
sed -i '/SELINUX=enforcing/s/enforcing/permissive/g' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce Permissive
13)关闭防火墙并取消开机启动
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
14)设置 NTP 时钟
systemctl stop ntpd
systemctl disable ntpd
mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.orig
rm /var/run/ntpd.pid
sed -i '/OPTIONS="-g"/s/OPTIONS/#OPTIONS/g' /etc/sysconfig/ntpd
systemctl enable ntpd
systemctl restart ntpd
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4.存储配置(在所有节点均要操作)
使用 fdisk -l 查看本地磁盘信息
可以看到存储划分的 1.5T 的磁盘空间
通过/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/sdb 查看 sdb 的磁盘 ID
创建文件/etc/udev/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules 并添加如下内容(RESULT 后面为上面查看到存储的磁盘 ID,
下面内容为一行)
KERNEL=="sd?", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM="/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted
--replace-whitespace /dev/$name", RESULT=="36143004100b0e421028de29c00000008", RUN+="/bin/sh
-c 'mknod /dev/asm-disk b $major $minor;chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asm-disk;chmod 0660
/dev/asm-disk'"
执行如下
systemctl restart systemd-udevd
systemctl restart systemd-udev-settle
systemctl restart systemd-udev-trigger
让磁盘绑定生效
查看磁盘绑定 ls -al /dev/asm*
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb bs=1k count=300000
安装 Grid Infrastructure
使用 grid 用户进行安装 grid Infrastructure(我这里将 p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip 解压到了/opt
下)
执行如下进行 grid Infrastructure 安装
./opt/grid/ runInstaller
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输入’Y’确认后弹出安装界面如下
选择”skip software updates”跳过软件更新 点击 “next”进入下一步
在安装选项这里选择“Install and Configure Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster”安装和配置 Grid Infrastructure 集群。然
后点击”next“进入下一步
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这里选择“Advanced Installation”高级安装 选项,并点击“next”进入下一步
选择语言后点击”next”进入下一步