2015 年浙江温州大学英语基础考研真题 Part One Blank-filling 20% For each blank in the following passage you are requested to fill in only one word. The art of living is to know when to hold fast and when to let go. For life is a paradox: it enjoins us to cling (1) its many gifts even while it ordains their eventual relinquishment. The rabbits of old put it this way: "A man comes to this world with his first clenched, (2) but when he dies, his hand is open." Surely we ought to hold fast to life, for it is wondrous, and full of a beauty that (3) through every pore of God's own earth. We know that this is so, but all too often we recognize this truth only in our backward glance when we remember (4) it was and then suddenly realize that it is no more. We remember a beauty that faded, a love that (5). But we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered, that we failed to respond (6) love when it was tendered. A recent experience re-taught me this (7). I was hospitalized following a severe heart attack that had been in intensive (8) for several days. It was not a pleasant place. One morning, I had to have some additional (9). The required machines were located in a building at the opposite (10) of the hospital, so I had to be wheeled (11) the courtyard on a gurney. As we emerged from our (12), the sunlight hit me. That's all there was (13) my experience. Just the light of the sun, and yet (14) beautiful it was - how warming, how sparkling, how brilliant! I looked (15) see whether anyone else relished the sun's golden (16), but everyone was hurrying to and fro, most (17) eyes fixed on the ground. Then I remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent (18) the grandeur of each day, too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond (19) the splendor of it all. The insight gleaned from that experience is really as commonplace as was the experience itself: life's gifts are precious-but we are too heedless of them. Here then is the first pile of life's paradoxical demands (20) us: Never too busy for the wonder and the awe of life. Be reverent before each dawning day. Embrace each hour. Seize each golden minute. Part Two Reading Comprehension 40% Fighting climate change? Don't ignore poor nations' creativity By Calestous Juma Editor's note: Calestous Juma is Dr Martin Luther King, Jr Visiting Professor at the Department of Urban Studies and Planning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is on leave from Harvard Kennedy School where he is Professor of the Practice of International Development and Faculty Chair of the Innovation and Economic Development Program as well as the Edward S. Mason Fellows Program. He is author of The New Harvest: Agricultural Innovation in Africa. Twitter @Calestous 

and @AfriCrop. The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely his. (CNN) -- Analysts are right to assess the level of national preparedness to climate change -- but well-intentioned efforts to rank countries can inadvertently（21） sow hopelessness among those considered to be ill-prepared. A recent University of Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index (ND-GAI) ranks Norway, New Zealand, Sweden, Finland and Denmark as the world's best prepared nations. At the bottom of the adaptation index lie Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Central African Republic, Eritrea, Burundi and lastly Chad. The report says that the highest ranked countries "face moderate （22）exposure to climate change, but they have good capacities to deal with the potential climate risks, including high access to amenities（23） such as electricity, sanitation and clean drinking water. In general, they are also less dependent on natural capital, are better prepared for natural disasters and practice good governance（24）." Such preparedness assessments focus on existing conditions and capabilities and fail to account for emerging technological opportunities that might be easily adapted by those with the least access to conventional infrastructure（25）and capabilities. This narrative overlooks the fact these same countries have also developed a wide range of local capabilities that enable them to adapt to major natural disasters as illustrated by the case of the Sahel region. As argued by Simon Batterbury (University of Melbourne, Australia) and Michael Mortimore (Drylands Research, UK), Sahelian adaptation to drought is "a combination of skill and technique, both learned and invented, and has been combined with deliberate efforts by households and communities to reduce their vulnerability （26）." The authors conclude that the lessons of Sahelian adaptation offer strong indications of the ability of communities to adapt to the challenges of future climate variability（27）and uncertainty. Their adaptation "should be facilitated rather than driven from the outside," they conclude. The challenge is to strengthen local capabilities through endogenous technological innovation in fields such as energy, agriculture, health and environmental management. But doing so will require acknowledging the pro-active, creative and innovative capabilities of local communities. Harnessing technology The second important element of innovation is the capacity of the less resource-endowed communities to harness（28）emerging technologies and put them to creative uses. In the 1970s, Africa was written off as a region for technological innovation and was defined as destination for low and simple devices dubbed "appropriate technology." The celebrated story of the widespread usage of mobile phone has rebranded the continent as a place where emerging technologies can find novel and unanticipated uses. The invention of mobile money transfer in Kenya is a good example of an African response to poor banking infrastructure. 

The global mobile money market is currently valued at $15 billion and is projected to $278.9 billion by 2018, growing at an estimated annual rate of 82.4%. The importance of this African creation lies in its global impact. The carbon footprint of mobile phones relative to landlines has yet to be calculated. When this is done it will add a new dimension to Africa's contributions to the use of climate-smart （29）technologies. Similar examples of technological leapfrogging are evident is countries such as DRC which is listed as among the least capable of adapting to climate change. The country, which is about the size of Western Europe, had the same length of paved road network as Rwanda, which is about 80 times smaller. The rapid expansion of road networks and economic growth in DRC resulted in urban traffic chaos. The country, through the work of women engineers, has responded by leapfrogging to the use of robot technology to control traffic in Kinshasa. Alternative energy resources There are other areas of direct relevance to climate change that African economies could provide leadership. The first is renewable energy. Advances in solar and wind energy technology (and the associated smart power management systems) are making renewable energy competitive with fossil fuels. Their widespread adoption is likely to favor poor nations in the tropics that are not committed to traditional energy infrastructure. Access to information on emerging technologies often limits Africa's leapfrogging capabilities. This is being remedied by the expansion of technical education and internet connectivity. Future efforts to adapt to climate change will be guided by emerging African strategies that seek to focus on leveraging technological innovation for sustainable development. Comparing the preparedness of countries to climate change helps to focus attention on the need for concerted national adaptation strategies. But failing to account for the adaptive potential of all nations can create despair among the poor and complacency（30）among the rich. It is possible that some of the ideas that might help the global community to adapt to climate change might come from the poor. Language Work (31) Explain the underlined parts (number 21--30) above on the Answer Sheet (每 题 2 分，共 20 分) (32) Explain the following two statements in relation to the article. (每题 10 分，共 20 分) a) “the poor nation’s creativity” b) “the capacity of the less resource-endowed communities to harness emerging technologies and put them to creative uses” Translation work 40% Part Three Put the following passage into English. 两年的研究表明，上网次数多的人与较少的人相比，即使是一周仅上网几小时也会经常地感 觉到沮丧和孤独。使用因特网似乎确实诱发了人们的不良感觉。 

研究人员对这些结果困惑不解，因为这与他们的预料截然相反。他们预测，和看电视相比， 从社交角度来说，上网可能更健康一些，因为网络允许使用者选择自己需要的信息并且和别 人进行交流。 研究者推测说，上网使人减少了和家人及朋友共度的时光，这也许可以解释他们心理健康状 况下降的原因。和面对面的交谈相比，这种见不着面、看不见人的“虚”的交流可能会使人 从心理上缺乏满足感，人们通过这种交流结下的友谊也不会太深。还有一种可能是， 网民通过因特网所了解到的广阔世界使得他们对自己的生活不那么满意了。 Essay-writing 50% Part Four Topic: On Ice-bucket Challenge Word limit: 500-600 (Please write your essay on the Answer Sheet)