2004 年上海华东师范大学教育学及学前教育学考研真题 《教育学》部分 一、名词解释（每题 4 分，共 16 分） 1、双轨制 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ 2、最近发展区 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ 3、学校文化 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ 4、教育的可持续发展 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ 二、简答题（每题 8 分，共 24 分） 1、要素主义的学校教育模式的基本思想。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 

_______________________________________ 2、赫尔巴特关于教学形式阶段理论的主要内容。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ 3、直接的道德教学的利与弊。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ 三、论述题（每题 20 分，共 40 分） 1、学校教育的个体发展功能是什么?结合自身至今为止的成长过程，谈谈学校教育对自身个 体发展产生了哪些积极影响?从当前学校教育现状来看，你认为还有哪些方面值得进一步改 进以利于更好地促进个体的发展? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ 2、联系实际论述教师与课程改革的相互关系。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ 《学前教育学》部分 一、名词解释（每题 4 分，共 16 分） 1.结构游戏 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ 2.个人本位论 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ 3.敏感期 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ 4.最近发展区 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ 二、简答题（每题 6 分，共 30 分） 1.简述福禄贝尔的教育思想 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ 2.简述幼儿园教学的组织形式及运用 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ 3.简述婴儿教育的原则 _______________________________________________________________________________ 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ 4.简述学前教育与社区、家庭之间的关系 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ 5.简述学前教育科学研究的步骤 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ 三、论述题（每题 12 分，共 24 分） 1.你是如何理解"儿童认识外界是儿童内部的主动活动的过程——皮亚杰对此曾作了较具体 的说明"的? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ 2.试述观察与记录在学前教育中的运用。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________