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5G Wireless Systems Simulation and Evaluation Techniques 无水印原版pd....pdf
Cover
Copyright
Preface
Contents
Abbreviations
1: Candidate Technologies and Evaluation Challenges for 5G
1.1 5G Requirements Analysis
1.1.1 5G Application Types
1.1.2 5G Application Scenarios and Requirements Indicators
1.2 5G Research and Development Process
1.3 5G Candidate Technologies
1.3.1 Ultra-Dense Wireless Network
1.3.2 Large Scale Antenna Technology
1.3.3 Millimeter Wave Communications Technology
1.3.4 Flexible Spectrum Usage
1.3.5 Waveform and Multiple Access
1.3.6 Device to Device
1.4 Challenges in 5G Testing and Evaluation
1.4.1 Challenges Posed by New Technologies to Testing and Evaluation
1.4.2 Four Elements of Testing and Evaluation Requirements
Realness
Comprehensiveness
Rapidity
Flexibility
1.5 Summary
References
2: Evolution of Testing Technology
2.1 The Importance of Testing Technology
2.2 Testing Technology Evolution
2.2.1 Development of Testing Instruments
Instrument 1.0 Era
Instrument 2.0 Era
Bus Technology
Software Defined Radio Technology
Modular Instrument Technology
Hybrid Test System
Instrument 3.0 Era
2.2.2 Development Trend of Testing Technology
Coexistence of New and Traditional Test Equipment
The Leading Trend of Many-Core/Parallel Technology and FPGA Real Time Technology
Many-Core Parallel Technology
Real-Time FPGA Technology
Test Ecosystem Becomes the Trend
FPGA Based IP to the PIN Technology
Heterogeneous Computing Architecture Supporting Parallel Testing and Massive Signal Processing
2.3 Challenges of Testing Technology
2.3.1 Challenges of Multi-Function and High-Performance
2.3.2 Challenges of Multi-channel
2.3.3 Challenges of High Throughput
2.4 Summary
References
3: Channel Measurement and Modeling
3.1 Requirements for 5G Wireless Channel Model
3.2 Channel Modeling Method
3.2.1 Measurement-Based GSCM
3.2.2 Regular-shape GSCM
3.2.3 CSCM
3.2.4 Extended SV Model
3.2.5 Ray Tracing based Model
3.2.6 Comparison of Modeling Methods
3.3 Channel Measurement
3.3.1 Channel Measurement Methods
3.3.2 Channel Measurement Activities
3.3.2.1 Massive MIMO measurement
3.3.2.2 Measurement of D2D, V2V and HSR
3.3.2.3 Measurement of Millimeter Wave Band
3.4 Channel Data Processing
3.4.1 Path Parameters Extraction
3.4.1.1 EM Algorithm
3.4.1.2 SAGE Algorithm
CRLB Performance Bounds
Separability of Multipath Signals
3.4.1.3 FD-SAGE Algorithm
3.4.1.4 DMC and Its Estimation
3.4.1.5 Mobile Channel Estimation and Tracking
3.4.1.6 Automatic Clustering Algorithm
3.4.2 Channel Statistical Analysis
3.4.2.1 Basic Distribution Fitting Methods
3.4.2.2 Basic Correlation Analysis Method
3.4.2.3 Delay Domain Analysis
Angular Domain Analysis
3.4.2.4 Cluster Analysis
3.5 Existing Channel Models
3.5.1 3GPP SCM/3D/D2D/HF
3.5.2 WINNER I/II/+
3.5.3 ITU IMT-Advanced, IMT-2020
3.5.4 COST 259/273/2100/IC1004
3.5.5 IEEE 802.11 TGn/TGac
3.5.6 QuaDRiGa, mmMAGIC
3.5.7 IEEE 802.15.3c/ IEEE 802.11ad/aj/ay
3.5.8 MiWEBA
3.5.9 METIS
3.5.10 5GCM
3.5.11 Comparison of Existing Models
3.6 Stochastic Channel Generation
3.6.1 Definition of Simulation Scenarios
3.6.2 Generation of Large Scale Parameters
3.6.2.1 Path Loss
3.6.2.2 Other Large Scale Parameters
3.6.3 Generation of Small Scale Parameters
3.6.4 Generation of Channel Coefficient
3.6.4.1 Channel Simulation Examples
3.7 Chapter Summary
References
4: Software Simulation
4.1 Overview on Software Simulation
4.2 5G Software Simulation Requirements
4.2.1 Simulation Requirements Analysis
4.2.2 Technological Impact Analysis
4.3 5G Software Link Level Simulation
4.3.1 Link Technology Overview
4.3.2 Link Simulation Realization
4.3.2.0 Simulation Key Factors
4.3.2.0 Simulation Process Overview
4.3.3 Introduction to Simulation Cases
4.3.3.0 Case 1: Massive MIMO Performance Simulation
4.3.3.0 Case 2: Heterogeneous Network Energy Efficiency Simulation
4.3.3.0 Case 3: Tail-Biting Convolution Code Decoder Simulation
4.3.3.0 Case 4: Compressive Sensing Simulation
4.3.3.0 Case 5: User-Oriented Link Adaption in D2D Network Coding Multicast
4.4 5G Software System Level Simulation
4.4.1 Test Evaluation Methods
4.4.2 Key Simulation Technologies
4.4.2.0 Dynamic Simulation Modeling Technology
4.4.2.0 Virtual Computational Resources Management Technology
4.4.2.0 Multi-core Parallel Simulation Technology
4.4.2.0 Hardware Acceleration Simulation Technology
4.4.2.0 Real-time Transmission Technology
4.4.3 Introduction to Simulation Cases
4.4.3.0 Case 1: Massive MIMO System Level Simulation
4.4.3.0 Case 2: Radio Resource Optimization of Ultra Dense Network
4.4.3.0 Case 3: Statistical Modeling Simulation of the Uplink Interference [49]
System Model
Interference Statistic Model and Simulation Verification
4.4.3.0 Case 4: Local Mobile Cloud Assisted Computation Offloading
4.4.3.0 Case 5: Cross Operator Flexible Spectrum Management Simulation
4.5 Software Visualization of 5G Network Simulation
4.5.1 Architecture Summary
4.5.2 Interface Demonstration
4.5.2.0 Demonstration of the Simulation Results of 3D MIMO Scenario
4.5.2.0 Demonstration of the Simulation Results of UDN Scenario
References
5: Evaluation Test of Software and Hardware Co-simulation
5.1 Overview of Software and Hardware Co-Simulation Evaluation and Test
5.1.1 Requirements of 5G Software and Hardware Simulation Evaluation and Test
5.1.2 Forms and Applications of Software and Hardware Co-Simulation Testing and Evaluation
Forms of Software and Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation Testing and Evaluation
Superiority of HIL
5.2 Evaluation and Test of Software and Hardware Link-Level Co-Simulation
5.2.1 HIL-Based Link Simulation Composition
5.2.2 Realization of Link Simulation Testing and Evaluation
Key Factors of Software and Hardware Simulation Testing and Evaluation
Main bottleneck for system implementation
Closed loop method based on HIL link simulation
5.2.3 Case Introduction of Software and Hardware Simulation Evaluation Test
Case I: Test of Spectral Domain Channel Multiplexing Technology Based on Cyclic Delay Modulation
Case 2: Verficationof Frequency Offset Correction Algorithm in Centralized SC-FDMA
Case 3: Laboratory Integrated Verification Platform Supporting Remote Use
5.3 Evaluation and Test on Hardware and Software System-level Co-simulation
5.3.1 Composition of Hardware and Software System-level Co-simulation (Fig. 5.35)
5.3.2 Key Technologies of Hardware and Software System-Level Co-simulation
Hardware acceleration based on USRP-RIO
Distributed data sharing technology
PXI multi-computing specification
5.3.3 Case Study of Simulation
Case1: System Simulation PlatformwithPhysical Layer Acceleration Based on USRP-RIO (Fig. 5.41)
5.4 Summary
References
6: 5G Hardware Test Evaluation Platform
6.1 Overview of Typical Hardware Platform Used for 5G Evaluation
6.2 Test Platform of MIMO Parallel Channel
6.2.1 5G Channel Test Requirements
6.2.2 Status and Shortcomings
6.2.3 Key Technical Challenges
6.2.4 Architecture of MIMO Parallel Channel Sounder
6.2.5 Test Results
6.2.6 Channel Measurement and Test
6.2.6.0 Scenario Test Planning and Measurement
6.2.6.0 Channel Model Library
6.3 OTA Test Platform
6.3.1 5G Requirements for OTA Test
6.3.2 Status and Shortcomings of OTA Test Scheme
6.3.2.0 OTA Test Scheme Based on Anechoic Chambers
6.3.2.0 OTA Test Scheme Based on Reverberation Chamber
6.3.2.0 Two-Stage OTA Test Scheme Based on Anechoic Chamber
6.3.3 Key Technical Difficulties and Challenges
6.3.4 OTA Platform Example
6.3.4.0 OTA Platform Architecture
6.3.4.0 Channel Analog/Playback Device
6.4 5G Open Source Community
6.4.1 Introduction to Requirements
6.4.2 Development Status of Communications Platform Based on General Purpose Processor
6.4.3 Introduction to Open 5G Universal Platform
6.4.4 Key Technologies of Universal Platform Based on General Purpose Processor
6.4.4.0 Real-Time Processing of Baseband Signal
Software Acceleration Method
Actual Test of Physical Layer of OAI Open Source Platform
6.4.4.0 Resource and Network Function Virtualization
6.4.4.0 Dynamic Task Allocation and Resource Matching Scheduling
Task Segmentation and Parallelization Mode
Scheduling Strategy and Real-Time
Hardware Resource Scheduling Allocation Method
6.5 Summary
References
7: Field Trial Network
7.1 Requirements and Technical Challenges
7.1.1 Various Application Scenarios
7.1.2 Technical Challenges in Field Trial
7.1.3 Development Status of 5G Test Bed in Foreign Countries
7.1.4 Development and Evolution of HetNet Convergence
7.2 5G Test Field Design
7.2.1 Network Architecture of HetNets Convergence
7.2.2 Abundant 5G Typical Scenarios
7.2.3 3GPP Wireless Network Design
3GPP Core Network Design
Core Network Design Process
Network Element Planning and Design
Bandwidth Requirements Bearing
3GPP Wireless Access Network Design
Wireless Network Design Process
Propagation Model Selection
Coverage Design
Capacity Design
Site Resources Design
Indoor Wireless Network Design
7.2.4 WLAN Wireless Network Design
Analysis on New Generation WLAN Technology
The Latest Development of WLAN Technology
IEEE802.11 ac
IEEE802.11ad
WLAN System Architecture
WLAN Coverage Design
WLAN Indoor Propagation Model
WLAN Indoor Coverage Planning Scheme
WLAN Capacity Design
Network Capacity Calculation
Discussion on Optimal Network Capacity Based on Computational Results
The Guiding Significance of Network Capacity in Actual Network Planning
7.2.5 Large-Scale Test User Application Scenarios
7.3 Typical Case Analysis of Field Trials
7.3.1 Case One: Research on the Irregularity of Wireless Cellular Networks
Test Purpose
Test Environment
Test Results
7.3.2 Case Two: Characteristics Analysis on the Radio Wave Propagation Between Multiple Frequency Bands
Test Purpose
Test Environment
Test Results
7.3.3 Case Three: CoMP Key Technologies Test
Test purpose
Test Environment
Test Results
7.3.4 Case Four: Active Antenna System (AAS) Key Technologies Test
Test Purpose
Test Environment
Test Results
7.3.5 Case Five: Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) Key Technologies Test
Test purpose
Test Environment
Test Results
7.3.6 Case Six: Public WLAN Network Coverage Performance Test
Test Purpose
Test Environment
Test Results
7.4 Wireless Network Data Intelligence Analysis
7.4.1 Background and Necessity
Key Technologies
Technical Roadmap
Uniqueness
Requirements to Be Achieved
7.4.2 Status
7.4.3 Application Scenarios
Innovation Points
Application Model: Complex Network Visualization Technology
Application Mode: Building the Macro Optimization Intelligent System
Application Mode: Closed Loop Intelligent Management of Network Problems
Application Mode: Intelligent Single Station Batch Submission For Acceptance
7.5 Summary
References
Wireless Networks
Yang Yang
Jing Xu
Guang Shi
Cheng-Xiang Wang
5G Wireless
Systems
Simulation and Evaluation Techniques
Wireless Networks
Series editor
Xuemin Sherman Shen
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/14180
Yang Yang Jing Xu Guang Shi
Cheng-Xiang Wang
5G Wireless Systems
Simulation and Evaluation Techniques
Yang Yang
CAS Key Lab of Wireless Sensor
Network and Communication
Shanghai Institute of Microsystem
and Information Technology
Shanghai, China
Jing Xu
Shanghai Research Center for Wireless
Communications
Shanghai, China
Guang Shi
China Institute of Communications
Beijing, Beijing
China
Cheng-Xiang Wang
School of Engineering & Physical Sciences
Heriot-Watt University
Edinburgh, United Kingdom
ISSN 2366-1186
Wireless Networks
ISBN 978-3-319-61868-5
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-61869-2
ISSN 2366-1445
(electronic)
ISBN 978-3-319-61869-2
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017947041
© Springer International Publishing AG 2018
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of
the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission
or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or
dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt
from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
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Printed on acid-free paper
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The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
It is anticipated that the Fifth Generation (5G) mobile communication systems will
start to be commercialized and deployed in 2018 for new mobile services in three
key scenarios, i.e., enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), massive Machine Type
Communications (mMTC), and Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications
(uRLLC). Based on the preliminary research for 5G standardization by telecom
industry leaders since 2012, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has
identified and announced the 5G vision and Key Performance Indicators (KPI) on
spectrum efficiency, energy efficiency, peak data rate, traffic density, device con-
nectivity, radio latency and reliability for achieving more comprehensive and better
service provisioning and user experience. At present, the telecom industry is
actively developing a variety of enabling technologies, such as massive MIMO,
Ultra-Dense Network (UDN), and mmWAVE to accelerate the ongoing 5G stan-
dardization and precommercial trial processes. On the other side, new 5G technol-
ogies drive the design and development of corresponding simulation platforms,
evaluation methods, field trails, and application scenarios to compare, screen, and
improve 5G candidate technologies for the ongoing 5G standardization, system
development, and performance enhancement. In view of these 5G technological
trends and testing requirements, this book aims at addressing the technical chal-
lenges and sharing our practical experiences in the simulation and evaluation of a
series of 5G candidate technologies. In particular, it reviews the latest research and
development activities of 5G candidate technologies in the literature, analyzes the
real challenges in testing and evaluating these technologies, proposes different
technical approaches by combining advanced software and hardware capabilities,
and presents the convincing evaluation results in realistic mobile environments and
application scenarios, which are based on our long-term dedicated research and
practical experiences in wireless technology evaluation and testbed development.
This book reviews and provides key testing and evaluation methods for 5G candi-
date technologies from the perspective of technical R&D engineers. In order to
facilitate readers with different backgrounds to better understand important con-
cepts and methods, we include in this book many examples of various simulation
v
vi
Preface
and testing cases, which can be used as technical references by 5G researchers,
engineers, and postgraduate students in wireless mobile communications.
This book is organized as follows. Chapter 1 reviews the vision and technical
requirements of 5G mobile systems. Some 5G candidate technologies and the
challenges in technical evaluation and verification methods are then discussed.
Chapter 2 introduces the evolution history of a variety of testing and evaluation
technologies, thus offering a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the
importance and difficulties of testing technologies. Since wireless channel charac-
teristics play a key role in system design and performance evaluation, Chapter 3
introduces state-of-the-art wireless channel measurement, modeling, and simula-
tion methods in detail. Chapter 4 is focused on the development of a large-scale
system-level software simulation platform by using parallel computing technology.
Based on Hardware-in-the Loop (HIL) technology, Chapter 5 develops a hardware
and software co-simulation platform with a real-time channel emulator in the loop,
thus balancing the simulation speed and system flexibility. Further, Chapter 6
presents a truly real-time hardware testing and evaluation platform with a set of
advanced measuring equipments and instruments for small-scale 5G technology
evaluation. Finally, Chapter 7 gives the layout and design of a real 5G testbed with
six macro-cells for field trials and future mobile services.
Last but not least, we would like to acknowledge the generous financial supports
over the last ten years from the National Science and Technology Major Projects
“New Generation Mobile Wireless Broadband Communication Networks,”
National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministry of Science and Technol-
ogy of China, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Munic-
ipality, and Shanghai Municipal Commission of Economy and Informatization. In
addition, we are very grateful to the following colleagues for their kind help and
constructive comments on earlier versions of this book, i.e., Xin Yang, Haowen
Wang, Hui Xu, Kai Li, Xiumei Yang, Jian Sun, Jinling Du, Yuanping Zhu,
Chenping, Panrongwei, Guannan Song, Guowei Zhang, and Kaili Wang.
Shanghai, China
Shanghai, China
Beijing, China
Edinburgh, UK
Yang Yang
Xu Jing
Shi Guang
Wang Cheng-Xiang
Contents
1.1
1.2
1.3
1 Candidate Technologies and Evaluation Challenges for 5G . . . . . . .
5G Requirements Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.1
5G Application Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5G Application Scenarios and Requirements
1.1.2
Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5G Research and Development Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5G Candidate Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ultra-Dense Wireless Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.1
1.3.2
Large Scale Antenna Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.3 Millimeter Wave Communications Technology . . . . . . . .
1.3.4
Flexible Spectrum Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.5 Waveform and Multiple Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.6
Device to Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4 Challenges in 5G Testing and Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4.1
1.4.2
Challenges Posed by New Technologies to Testing
and Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Four Elements of Testing and Evaluation
Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 Evolution of Testing Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1 The Importance of Testing Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2 Testing Technology Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Development of Testing Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Development Trend of Testing Technology . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3 Challenges of Testing Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
Challenges of Multi-Function and High-Performance .
Challenges of Multi-channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Challenges of High Throughput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.2.1
2.2.2
.
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