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2016江苏南京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语考研真题.doc
2016 江苏南京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语考研真题
I. Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there
are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes
the sentence.Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.
1. Columbus' decision to sail west to reach the East _____ on his belief that the
earth was round.
A. existed B. sat C. relaxed D. rested
2. Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the _____ movie could not
hold our attention.
A. three-hours B. three-hour C. three-hours' D. three-hour's
3. Difficulties can _____ a person's best qualities.
A. bring up B. bring out C. bring about D. bring to
4. Doctors sometimes _____ old cures when modern medicine doesn't work.
A. fall on B. fall down on C. fall back on D. fall in upon
5. Does brain power _____ as we get older? Scientists now have some surprising
answers.
A. descend B. decline C. deduce D. collapse
6. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is
especially true _____ it comes to classroom tests.
A. when B. since C. before D. after
7. Don't worry. The company will _____ all your expense.
A. satisfy B. meet C. pay D. submit
8. Eventually, people spread throughout the continent, ______ the entire species.
A. wiping out B. wiping away C. wiping off D. wiping up
9. Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to ______ healthy.
A. preserve B. stay C. maintain D. reserve
10. Faced with the ______ difficulties, they are determined to carry on their
program.
A. satisfactory B. attributable C. innocent D. intangible
11. Fewer and fewer of today's workers expect to spend their working lives in the
same field, ______ the same company.
A. all else B. much worse C. let alone D. less likely
12. Flying in an airplane was once thought to be an impossible ______.
A. task B. profession C. promise D. contest
13. Fresh vegetables are straight from the ______ and raw vegetables are ______.
A. earth...cooked B. soil...uncooked C. floor...cooked D. ground...uncooked
14. Such poets as Shakespeare ________ widely read，of whose works，however，some
________ difficult to understand.
A．are；are B．is；is C．are；is D．is；are
15. Three quarters of the forest ________ burnt to ashes and the rest ________ cut
down for construction.
A．was；has been B．was；have been C．have been；is D．are；has been
D. revealed
16. It is well admitted that the high ______ rate is caused in part by failure to
communicate.
A. unemployment B. birth C. divorce D. inflation
17. Fumes from the exhaust of an automobile are ______.
A. notorious B. anxious C. noxious D. delicious
18. George wasn't in class today, Professor Brown excused him ______.
A. from attending B. of attending C. to attend D. attending
19. Cleaning out the basement was a ______job.
A. tedious B. miserable C. marvelous D. desirable
20. Hamlet _____ his father's death on his uncle.
A. reversed B. reverted C. revenged
II. Reading Comprehension (30 points)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked
A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and write down your answer
on the Answer Sheet.
Passage 1
The Internet can make the news more democratic, giving the public a chance to ask
questions and seek out facts behind stories and candidates, according to the head
of the largest US on-line service.
“But the greatest potential for public participation is still in the future,”
Steven Case, chairman of America On-line, told a recent meeting on Journalism and
the Internet sponsored by The Freedom Forum, though other speakers say the new
technology of computers is changing the face of journalism, giving reporters access
to more information and their readers a chance to ask questions and turn to different
sources.
“You don’t have to buy a newspaper and be confined to the four corners of that
paper anymore,” Sam Meddis, on-line technology editor at USA Today, observed about
the variety of information available to computer users.
But the speakers noted the easy access to the Internet also means anyone can post
information for others to see. “Anyone can say anything they want, whether it’
s right or wrong,” said Case. Readers have to determine or themselves who to trust.
“In a world of almost infinite voices, respected journalists and respected brand
names will probably become more important, not less,” Case said.
The Internet today is about where radio was 80 years ago, or television 50 years
ago or cable 25 years ago,he said. But it is growing rapidly because it provides
people fast access to news and a chance to comment on it.He forecast increased
political participation on-line in this year and in 2000 with politicians able to
answer directly to the public --- an opportunity to increase voter turnout and for
politicians to raise funds from the public.
21. The main topic of this passage is ________.
A. the development of journalism
B. the rapid development of the Internet
C. the effect of the Internet has on journalism
D. the advantages of the Internet
22. It can be inferred from this passage that _______ may NOT be regarded as the
advantages of the Internet?
A. the news can be made more democratic
B. the public can turn to different sources
C. the public can get a chance to ask questions
D. anything can be posted on the Internet for others to see
23. The correct order for the appearance of the four technologies is ______.
A. Internet-cable-television-radio B. radio-television-cable-Internet
C．radio-cable-television-Internet D. Television-radio-cable-Internet
24. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Only respected journalists can post information on the Internet for others to
see.
B. Respected journalists will probably become more important than before.
C. Everyone is using the Internet now.
D. The greatest potential of public participation of the Internet is in the near
future.
25. On the whole, the attitude Steven Case holds for the Internet’s future
development is ___________.
A. pessimistic B. optimistic
C．doubtful D. unknown
Passage 2
Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology(观念) that biology is fate.
According to this ideology, basic biological and psychological differences exist
between the sexes. These differences require each sex to play a separate role in
social life. Women are the weaker sex both physically and emotionally. Thus, they
are naturally suited, much more so than men, to the performance of domestic duties.
A woman’s place, under normal circumstances, is within the protective environment
of the home. Nature has determined that women play caretaker roles, such as wife
and mother and homemaker. On the other hand, men are best suited to go out
into the competitive world of work and politics, where serious responsibilities must
be taken on. Men are to be the providers; women and children are “dependents”.
The ideology also holds that women who wish to work outside the household should
naturally fill these jobs that are in line with the special capabilities of their
sex. It is thus appropriate for women, not men, to be employed as nurses, social
workers, elementary school teachers, household helpers, and clerks and secretaries.
These positions are simply an extension of women’s domestic role. Informal
differences between “women’s work” and “men’s work” in the labor force, according
to the ideology, are simply a functional reflection of the basic differences between
the sexes.
Finally, the ideology suggests that nature has worked her will in another significant
way. For the human species to survive over time, its members must regularly reproduce.
Thus, women must, whether at home or in the labor force, make the most of their
physical appearance.
So goes the ideology. It is, of course, not true that basic biological and
psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sex-defined roles
in social life. There is a great deal of evidence that sex roles vary from society
to society, and those role differences that do exist are largely learned.
To a degree people actually believe that biology is fate and that nature is intended
for men and women to make different contributions to society, but sex-defined roles
will be seen as totally acceptable.
26. Why is women’s place considered to be within the home to some extent?
A. Because they are so weak that they can’t do outdoor jobs.
B. Because they can provide children with much better care.
C. Because they dislike to compete with men in any field.
D. Because they are biologically fit for domestic jobs.
27. In the author’s opinion, the difference of sex roles ______.
A. is determined by social factors
B. is determined by emotional and physical factors
C. only depends on the education people receive
D. depends on biological and psychological factors
28. The author thinks that women’s roles as nurses and clerks _____.
A. indicate that women are important for these jobs
B. are the extension of women’s household roles
C. reflect a basic difference between men and women
D. show clearly what women are good at
29. According to the passage we can know that _____.
A. people think the different roles men and women play in society are determined
by nature to some extent
B. men can provide whatever women and children need in the competitive world
C. men are unable to do the job such as social workers and secretaries
D. it is necessary for each to play sex-defined roles in social life
30. What’s the author’s attitude towards the ideology that biology is fate?
A. Approving B. Indifferent C. Objective D. Disapproving
Passage 3.
Unlike written language, speech itself was not a technology devised to overcome human
limitations in the face of social and environmental changes. In this sense, spoken
language isn’t a technology at all. Though humans created or devised particular
spoken languages, we did not create or devise spoken language itself any more than
we created our circulatory systems.
Our ability to speak language is an inborn characteristic of our species. We carry
in our genes and our brains the capacity for spoken language. If the day ever arrives
when we abandon spoken language and the sign languages used by people with hearing
and speaking disabilities, we will be waving good-bye to the species of human beings
that we are.
In contrast to written language, spoken and sign languages are user friendly. As
very young children, we just start speaking or signing; we don’t have to spend years
in school learning to speak. Nor does spoken language divide the world’s population
the way written language does --- dividing humanity into those who can read and write
and those who are nonliterate. Everyone who is mentally and physically able can speak
a language.
Historically, spoken language came to human before written language. Biologically,
speech or sign language has to come to each child before literacy. This is because
written language are symbolic representations of spoken languages. Had we no spoken
language, we could not have created written language.Written language may have
emerged as the primary method used to store and retrieve information in certain
areas of the world, but it is based on and derived from spoken language.
In the twenty-first century, people with access to voice-in/ voice-out computer
technology will once again be able to use spoken language to access all stored
information. Talking computer are going to make writing,reading, spelling,
punctuation, written numerals and all other notational systems out of date.
The obituary(讣告)for written language will not be written. It will be spoken by
someone talking to VIVO computer in 2050.
31. It can be inferred from the last sentence of Paragraph 2 that ______.
A. human beings will never abandon spoken and sign languages
B. human beings will abandon spoken and sign languages one day
C. people with hearing and speaking disabilities will never abandon spoken and sign
languages
D. people don’t have to spend years in school learning to speak
32. The expression “user friendly” in paragraph 3 probably means ________.
A. are friendly to users B. are easy for users to use
C. are friendly users D. are friends of users
33. The word “ nonliterate” (Par.3) probably means “________”.
A. able to read and write B. unable to read and write
C. able to listen and speak D. unable to listen and speak
34. According to the author, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Written language was a technology devised to overcome human limitations.
B. In the 21 century, talking computers will make it possible for people to use spoken
language to access all stored information.
C. In the 21 century, talking computers are unlikely to make written language
disappear from the earth.
D. The death of written language will be announced by someone who is talking to a
talking computer.
35. The best title of this passage is: ________.
A. The Power of Speech
B. The Power of Written Language
C. Spoken Language --- an Inborn Ability
D. The Replacement of Spoken Language by Written Language
Passage 4
When Columbus reached the New World, corn was the most widely grown plant in the
Americas. A study by an American professor who was an important figure in the field
of American history, has shown that this
plant’s range extended from what is now southern Canada to lower South America.
At that time some tribes cultivated it at sea level, others at elevation of more
11,000 feet. It could grow in almost every corner of Americas simply because its
strong flexibility to various weathers.
“Columbus had no way of knowing that corn was far more valuable than the spices
and gold he had hoped to find,” said Frances B. King, a professor at a university
of Pittsburgh. At Columbus time, corn was rather strong but short. Through human
intervention, this plant has developed into several hundred races, or varieties.
Their heights vary from 2 to 12 feet, and their maturity ranges from little more
than 2 months to almost a year.Their ears vary not only in color, but also in size.
Unlike other cereals, corn bears little resemblance to its wild ancestors. In fact,
it differs from the appearance of its immediate ancestors more than any other
cultivated plant known. From humble origins as a lowland grass, corn developed into
western world’s important grain, which is now widely used to feed cattle, or
domestic animals and even human beings. As its high yields allowed communities to
grow far beyond what early agriculture could feed, most scientists viewed corn as
having largely fueled pre-Columbian growth and civilization. Now, new findings are
greatly altering researchers’ notions about the time when corn revolution occurred.
The findings were obtained through several years’ research and field investigation
by a great number of scientists. New dates for its emergence from Mesoamenrica do
not support the widely held view. The evidence now suggests that the signs of corn
in Americas can date back 5,500 years at least.
36. The first paragraph states that corn ______.
A. was mainly grown at sea level
B. was not grown below the elevation of 11,000 feet
C. was widely grown in Canada only
D. spread throughout Americas
37. The second paragraph implies that _______.
A. the purpose of Columbus’ exploration was to discover corn
B. corn was one of Columbus’ discoveries, but more precious than anything else
C. Columbus knew corn so well that he brought back to Europe at once
D. Corn was the only Columbus’ discovery that was remembered
38. According to the passage, some varieties of corn can _______.
A. ripen little more than 2 months
B. last little more than 2 months
C. stay fresh for almost a year
D. stay alive from 2 months to almost a year
39. Corn helped the early communities to grow because _______.
A. it was easy to digest B. it had a lot of varieties
C. it could produce high yields D. it could last long
40. The widely held view was challenged by ______.
A. a new revolution B. new findings about corn
C. the signs of corn 5,500 years ago D. new dates for communities’ emergence
III. Translation A (20 points)
Directions: Translate the following passages into Chinese. Please write your version
in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.
1. To an Asian colors are full of beliefs, religious and otherwise. To the Chinese,
red is very lucky, but to Thais yellow brings good fortune. The combination of blue,
black, and white is, to the Chinese, suggestive of a funeral. Color is a touch thing.
Advertisers are advised to take into consideration the religious and superstitious
beliefs connected with colors before using them. The color combinations of green
and purple are acceptable throughout Asia as these colors seem to have been worn
by religious leaders in earlier times.
2. There were reasons for this marked shift of national emphasis from political
affairs to the great development of the nation’s economy and industry. The nation
at large was exhausted from the Civil War. By the 1870’s, most Americans felt that
it was time to turn to building their own lives. At the same time, the post-war
expansion of railroad transportation, and the exploitation of steam and electrical
power obviously played major roles. Equally important too, was the vast physical
size of the nation itself with its endless supply of resources ---iron, coal copper,
gold, etc. Almost all these lay waiting after the war, inviting exploitation.
IV. Translation B (15 points)
Directions: Translate the following passages into English. Please write your version
in the corresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. 城镇化(urbanization)是指农村人口向城市迁移的过程。衡量一个国家城镇化水平的一
个重要指标是农村和城镇地区的人口分布。去年，中国的城镇化率超过了 50%。这标志着我
国步入了一个全新的“城市型社会”。城镇化已经成为我国社会和经济发展的重要组成部分。
它为城市居民提供了更好的教育和更多的就业机会，不但提高了人们的生活水平，也丰富了
人们的文化体验。
2. 在过去的 10 年中，中国的经济发生巨大的变化。传统的经济体系已经得到改造，新的
市场经济体制已经建立。国民经济连续 5 年以 10%的速度增长。此外，中国政府还采取了
一些有效的措施进一步扩大对美国和欧洲国家的贸易。
IV. Writing (15 points)
Directions: For this part, you are to write a composition on the topic Economic
Development and Environmental Protection. You should write at least 150 words and
you should base your composition on the following instructions.
1. 有人认为经济发展先于环境保护.
2. 有人认为环境保护先于经济发展.
3. 我的看法.
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