Electric Machinery And Transformers 3rd By Guru & Hiziroghi.pdf

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Electric Machinery and Transformers Third Edition Bhag S. Guru Hiiseyin R. Hiziro@ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Kettering University New York Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2001

Oxford University Press Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogota Buenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Chennai Dares Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lurnpur Madrid Melhourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris SBo Pauln Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw Istanbul [md associared companies in Berlin Copyright 0 1988, 1995, 2001 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Ihadan Published by Oxford University Press, Inc.. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 http://www.oup-usd.org Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying. recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Guru, Bhag S. TK2000.G87 2000 62 I .3 I ' 0 4 2 - m I Electric machinery and transformers / Bhag S. Guru. Huseyin R. Hiziroglu.-3rd. p. cm. - (The Oxford series in electrical and computer engineering) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 97X-0-19-5 13x00-0 ( c l ~ l h ) I . Electric machinery. 1. Hiziroglu, Huseyin R. 11. Title. 111. Series. ed. 00-020034 Printing (last digit): 12 1 1 10 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper www.TechnicalBooksPdf.com

To our parents and families www.TechnicalBooksPdf.com

Acknowledgments W e would like to express our sincere appreciation to all the reviewers who have helped us at various stages in the refinement of this book. We are grateful to Mag- neTek Corporation, Consumers Energy Company, Toledo Commutator Company, and Bodine Electric Company for providing us with photographs. In the end, we thank our families for their honest sacrifices, active encourage- ment, unconditional support, absolute understanding, and complete cooperation during the revision of this book. Bhag Singh Guru Hiiseyin R. Hiziroglu www.TechnicalBooksPdf.com

Contents Preface Acknowledgments Review of Electric Circuit Theory Introduction 1.1 1.2 Direct-Current Circuit Analysis 1.3 Alternating-Current Circuit Analysis 1.4 1.5 Three-Phase Circuits Power and Impedance Measurements Summary Review Questions Problems Review of Basic Laws of Electromagnetism 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Introduction Maxwell’s Equations Magnetic Materials and Their Properties Magnetic Circuits Self and Mutual Inductances Magnetically Coupled Coils Magnetic Losses Permanent Magnets xiii xvii 1 2 3 7 20 29 52 53 55 63 64 64 75 83 97 104 109 115 vii www.TechnicalBooksPdf.com

viii Contents Summary Review Questions Problems 122 124 126 Principles of Electromechanical Energy Conversion 138 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Introduction Electric Field as a Medium Magnetic Field as a Medium A Coil in a Uniform Magnetic Field A Coil in a Time-Varying Magnetic Field Synchronous Motor Reluctance Motor Electromagnetic Relays Summary Review Questions Problems Transformers 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.1 1 4.12 Introduction Construction of a Transformer An Ideal Transformer A Nonideal Transformer Voltage Regulation Maximum Efficiency Criterion Determination of Transformer Parameters Per-Unit Computations The Autotransformer Three-Phase Transformers The Constant-Current Transformer Instrument Transformers Summary Review Questions Problems 139 1 40 146 156 170 181 182 186 190 193 194 202 203 204 205 213 225 228 232 239 244 253 268 2 70 273 276 277 www.TechnicalBooksPdf.com

Contents Direct-Current Generators 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 Introduction Mechanical Construction Armature Windings Induced emf Equation Developed Torque Magnetization Characteristic of a DC Machine Theory of Commutation Armature Reaction Types of DC Generators Voltage Regulation Losses in DC Machines A Separately Excited DC Generator A Shunt Generator A Series Generator Compound Generators Maximum Efficiency Criterion Summary Review Questions Pro hlems Direct-Current Motors 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 Introduction Operation of a DC Motor Speed Regulation Losses in a DC Motor A Series Motor A Shunt Motor The Compound Motor Methods of Speed Control The Ward-Leonard System Torque Measuremenu Braking or Keversing DC Motors ix 284 285 285 289 299 303 305 307 310 314 315 31 6 319 323 330 332 338 34 1 342 344 351 352 352 356 356 356 362 368 372 379 382 386 www.TechnicalBooksPdf.com

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