2003 年上海华东师范大学半导体物理考研真题
一、名词解释(每题 4 分,共 36 分)
迁移率
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本征半导体
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间接带隙半导体
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有效质量
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爱因斯坦关系式
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热电子发射
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整流接触
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少数载流子寿命
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理想 MIS 结构
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二、 简答题(每题 6 分,共 60 分)
1.画图表示金属、半导体、绝缘体最外层价电子能带结构的差异。
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2.简述硅材料中载流子散射的几种主要机制,并说明在低掺杂浓度的半导体中随温度升高,
载流子迁移率的变化趋势?
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3.举例说明哪些杂质在硅中形成深能级,在半导体材料中引入深能级对材料特性有什么影
响?
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4.为什么硅器件比锗器件具有更高的极限工作温度?
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5.什么叫欧姆接触?说明理论上实现欧姆接触的方法,实际集戊电路工艺中一般采用哪些方
法实现?
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6.定性分析掺杂半导体和本征半导体电阻率随温度的变化趋势,并说明原因。
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7. 区别雪崩击穿和隧道击穿机制的不同,并说明双极晶体管中的结击穿多数表现为雪崩击
穿的原因。
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8.分析杂质完全电离的 P 型半导体其费米能级随温度变化。
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9.解释硅 PN 结的反向电流随反向电压增加而增大的原因。
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10.在忽略界面态影响的情况下,可以用什么实验测量 MIS 结构氧化层中固定电荷与可动电
荷面密度,分析其实验原理。
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三、 计算题及叙述题(每题 9 分,共 54 分)
1. 掺磷的 n 型硅,已知磷的电离能为 0.044ev,求室温下杂质一半电离时费米能级的位置
和磷的浓度。
2. 设半导体的空穴浓度是线性分布,在 3μm 内浓度差为 1012cm-3,μp=400cm2/V·S,求
空穴扩散电流密度。
3. 设 MIS 结构氧化层中电荷呈三角形分布,且金属附近高,硅附近为零的情况下,MIS 结
构平带电压的变化。(假定单位表面积的总离子数都是 1012cm-3,氧化层厚度均为 0.3μm, ε
r0=3.9)
4.现有两块外观完全相同的硅单晶,其中一块是高纯度的本征硅,另一块是含有杂质并完全
补偿的硅。举出一种能识别它们的实验方法,并说明实验原理。
5.说明直接复合和间接复合的物理意义。为什么硅中掺金工艺能有效降低少数载流子的寿
命?
6.画图表示理想 MIS 结构(半导体为 p 型)强反型时的能带图。分析在实际 NMOS 器件中,
影响其阈值电压的主要因素。
题目中可能用到的常量如下∶