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field II用户指南.pdf
1 Introduction
2 Program organization
3 Method of simulation
3.1 The spatial impulse response
3.2 Simulation
3.3 Focusing and apodization
3.4 Attenuation
4 Installation
5 Description of Matlab procedures
5.1 List of current procedures
5.2 Procedures for Field initialization
5.3 Procedures for transducer definition
5.4 Procedures for element manipulation
5.5 Procedures for field calculation
6 Examples
6.1 Phased array imaging
6.2 Linear array imaging
6.3 Flow data generation
Bibliography
Users’ guide for the Field II program
Release 3.20, November 19, 2010
Jørgen Arendt Jensen
May 6, 2011
Jørgen Arendt Jensen
May 6, 2011
Department of Electrical Engineering, Build. 349,
Technical University of Denmark
DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
E-mail: jaj@elektro.dtu.dk
Web: http://server.elektro.dtu.dk/www/jaj/field/
1
Introduction
2 Program organization
3 Method of simulation
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4 Attenuation .
The spatial impulse response . .
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Simulation .
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Focusing and apodization . .
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Installation
5 Description of Matlab procedures
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List of current procedures
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Procedures for Field initialization . .
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Procedures for transducer definition . .
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Procedures for element manipulation . .
Procedures for field calculation .
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6 Examples
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Phased array imaging .
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Linear array imaging .
Flow data generation .
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CONTENTS
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ii
LIST OF FIGURES
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5.1 Concave, round transducer with a radius of 8 mm divided into 1 by 1 mm mathematical elements.
5.2 Rectangles for a convex array with Rconvex equal to 20 mm.
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5.3 Rectangles for an elevation focused, convex array with Rfocus equal to 10 mm and Rconvex equal to
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5.5 Rectangles for an elevation focused, linear array with Rfocus equal to 15 mm.
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5.6 Rectangles for an elevation focused, multi-row linear array with Rfocus equal to 10 mm and 5 rows.
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5.7 Display of the geometry and apodization of a linear array transducer. . .
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5.8 Rectangles for a 16 elements linear array transducer.
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5.9 Geomtery of multi-row linear array transducer. Currently x and y has been switched.
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5.10 Rectangles for a 16 by 5 elements multi-row transducer. . .
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5.11 Piston transducer with a radius of 8 mm divided into 1 by 1 mm mathematical elements.
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5.12 Fully populated two-dimensional array with 11 by 13 elements. .
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5.14 Linear array transducer with a fixed apodization of the mathematical elements.
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5.15 Intensity profile for linear array transducer with an elevation focus lens.
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5.16 Example of calculated response when using different physical element excitations.
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5.17 Received voltage traces from the individual elements of a 16 elements linear array transducer, when
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5.18 Received voltage traces from the individual elements of a linear array transducer (top) and the sum of
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transmitting with three different elements.
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1
2
CHAPTER
ONE
Introduction
This is the user guide for the version 3.20 of November 19, 2010 of the Field II program. This version of the program
runs under Matlab 71 and can simulate all kinds ultrasound transducers and the associated images. The focusing and
apodization of the transducers can be controlled dynamically, and it is, thus, possible to simulate all kinds of ultrasound
imaging systems. The latest version can also be used for synthetic aperture imaging.
The program is free for use, if you make a proper reference to the papers describing the program, when you publish
results from its use. The reference are [1] and [2]. Also the name of the program (Field II) should be mentioned in the
publication. Some unfortunately forget this, and the program will only stay in the public domain, if people continue
to properly acknowledge its use.
This guide is intended as a presentation of the currently available routines. It includes a few examples and gives a
small amount of background information. It is, however, not intended as an introduction to ultrasound scanning, and
the reader should consult the extensive literature on this.
The program executables can be downloaded from the Web-site for the program:
http://server.elektro.dtu.dk/www/jaj/field/
It currently exist for a number of platforms like Windows, Linux, HP-UX, Sun and SGI. The availability of the latest
version is dependent on my access to machines, which often varies, and all working versions cannot be guaranteed.
The web site also contains more extensive examples than are given in this guide, and up-to-date references and papers
can also be found on the web-site.
The manual is made as a clickable pdf document with hyperlinks. All links are indicated in blue, and when clicked on
will lead to the indicated references, which can be a web-site, figure, equation, etc.
The manual is organized as follows: Chapter 2 gives an overview of the organization of the program and how it is
connected to Matlab. Chapter 4 details the installation from the programs on the web-site. A listing of all procedures
callable in the program is given in Chapter 5 and finally a few examples are given in 6. More can be found on the web.
Jørgen Arendt Jensen
March 22, 2011
Department of Electrical Engineering, Build. 349,
Technical University of Denmark
DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
E-mail: jaj@elektro.dtu.dk
1Older versions can be found on the web-site for Matlab 4, 5 and 6
3
4
CHAPTER
TWO
Program organization
The program consists of a C program and a number of Matlab m-functions that calls this program. All calculations
are performed by the C program, and all data is kept by the C program.
Three types of m-functions are found. The are used for initializing the program, defining and manipulating transducers,
and for performing calculations. The initializing routines are preceeded by field , the transducer commands by xdc ,
and the calculation routines by calc . Help on use of the routines can be obtained by typing help .
Each of the routines are described in the following section and then three examples of use are given. The first shows
how a phased array image is generated, the second simulates a flow system, and the last example is for a linear array
system. The last example uses a computer generated phantom. The m-file for this phantom is also given in the example
section.
5
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