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2020 年广西民族大学翻译硕士英语考研真题 A 卷 Part I. Basic English Knowledge (30%) Section A: Multiple choice (20%) Directions: There are 20 multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet. 1. Your advice would be _______ valuable to him, who is at present at his wit's end. A. exceedingly B. excessively C. extensively D. exclusively 2. The English 1anguage contains a (an)_______ of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation. A. altitude B. latitude C. multitude D. attitude 3. If you plant two orange trees in one square yard of land, the trees' productivity _________ decline. A. is related to B. is determined to C. is unlikely to D. is bound to 4 . Game pie was a (an)________ of this famous restaurant. A. singularity B. particularity C. specialty D. originality 5 . From the editorial we can gain a clear ________ of the world's thought. A. prospective B. perspective C. prospect D. prosperity 6 . John complained to the bookseller that there were several pages ________ in the dictionary. A. missing B. losing C. dropping D. leaking 7 . His long service with the company was ________ with a present. A. admitted B. acknowledged C. attributed D. accepted 8. The young man was accused of possessing _______ weapons. A. dead B. dying C. deadly D. deathly 9. Parents are apt to blame schools for the educational _______ of their children. A. boundaries B. confinements C. restraints D. limitations 10. All the information we have collected in relation to that case _______ very

little. A. adds up to B. makes up for C. puts up with D. comes up with 11. _______ is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production. A. What B. That C. It D. As 12. _______, Henry felt a great weight taken off his mind． A. His duty was fulfilled B. His duty fulfilled C. His duty fulfilling D. His duty had been fulfilled 13. Only in growth, reform and change, paradoxically enough, _________ to be found. true security A. can B. can true security C. true security is D. is true security 14. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, _______ all practical value by the time they were finished. A. could lose C. might B. would have lost D. ought to have lost 15. We didn’t find _______ to prepare for the worst conditions they might meet. A. worth their while B. its worth C. it worthwhile D. it worth 16. ________ I like to do science, as a teacher I have to go over the students' papers and theses. A. As far as B. So far C. In so far as D. Much as 17. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds _______ his argument in favor of the new theory. A. which to base on B. on which to base C. to base on which D. which to be based on 18. _______ was a well-known fact. A. That their team being weak B. Their team as being weak C. As their team was weak D. That their team was weak 19. The people is to the people’s army _______ water is to fish.

A. what B. that C. as D. so 12. ________ people and objects in this frontier painter’s works are often presented in a flat, abstract manner. A. If always able to recognizable B. While always recognizable C. Always can be recognized D. Although can be recognized Section B: Proofreading and Error Correction (10 %) Directions: The following passage contains 10 errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet. To live, learn and work successfully in an increasing complex and information-rich society, students must be able to use technology effectively. Within an effective educational setting, technology can enable students to become able information users and effective users of productivity tools Parents want their children to graduate with skills that prepare them to either get a job in today’s marketplace and advance to higher levels of education and training. Employers want to hire employees who are honest, reliable, literary, and able to reason, communicate, make decisions, and learn. Communities want schools to prepare their children to become good citizens and productive members of society in a technological and information-basing world. National leaders, the U.S. Department of Education, and other federal agencies admit the essential role of technology in 21st century education. The challenge facing America’s schools is the empowerment of all children to function effectively in their future, future marked increasingly with change, information growth, and evolving technologies. Technology is a powerful tool with enormous potential for paving high-speed highways from outdated educational

systems to systems capable of providing learning opportunities, to better serve for the needs of 21st century work, communications, learning, and life. Technology had become a powerful catalyst in promoting learning, communications and life skills for economic survival in today’s world. Educational leaders are encouraged to providing learning opportunities that produce technology-capable students. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Part II. Reading Comprehension (50%) Section A: (30%) Directions: There are three passages in this section. Each passage is followed

by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices mark A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and write our answers on the Answer Sheet. Passage 1 What makes cells age? Wear and tear, yes. But biologically, says Dr. David Sinclair, professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School, it is lack of oxygen that signals cells that it is their time to go. Without oxygen, the energy engines known as the mitochondria become less efficient at turning physiological fuel like glucose into the energy that the cells need to function. Eventually they shut down. But in a paper published in the journal Cell, Sinclair and his colleagues describe for the first time a compound naturally made by young cells that is able to make older cells energetic and youthful again. In an experiment in mice, the team found that giving older mice a chemical called NAD for just one week made 2-year-old-mice tissue resemble that of 6-month-old mice (in human years, that would be like a 60-year-old's cells becoming more like those belonging to a 20-year-old). As animals age, says Sinclair, levels of NAD drop by 50%; with less of the compound, the communication between the cell and its mitochondrial energy source also pauses occasionally, and the cell becomes easily hurt from common aging attacks — inflammation， muscle wasting and slower metabolism. By tricking the cell into thinking it is young again, with adequate amounts of NAD, aging can theoretically be reversed. His next step is to put NAD in the drinking water of his mice, and see if they take longer to develop the typical chronic diseases linked to aging, such as inflammation, muscle wasting and cancer. The pathway may become an important target for cancer researchers as well, since tumors typically grow in low-oxygen conditions and are more common in older patients. Because NAD is a naturally occurring compound that simply declines with age,

Sinclair is optimistic that boosting its levels in people won't have as many significant negative effects as introducing an entirely new compound might. "If a body is slowly falling apart and losing the ability to regulate itself effectively, we can get it back on track to what it was in its 20s and 30s," he says. 31. What will not make cells age? A. Oxygen. B. Wear and tear. C. Lack of oxygen. D. Less physiological fuel. 13. What is the function of mitochondria? To produce physiological fuel. To turn physiological fuel into energy. To create oxygen in people's body. To produce cells. 14. What do we know about NAD? It is an artificial compound. It is made of young cells. It can revive older cells. It can be made in one week. 15. What will happen as animals become older? Communication between cells disappears. Levels of NAD nearly drop by half. The metabolism of the cell becomes faster. Their cell becomes vulnerable to common aging attacks. 16. Why does Sinclair think boosting levels of NAD won't cause many negative effects? Because NAD is an entirely new compound to human's body. Because NAD can resist chronic diseases linked to aging. Because NAD has been successfully tested on mice. Because NAD naturally occurs in human's body. Passage 2

Catastrophic volcanic eruptions in Europe may have culled Neanderthals to the point where they couldn't bounce back, according to a controversial new theory. Modern humans, though, squeaked by, thanks to fallback populations in Africa and Asia, researchers say. About 40,000 years ago in what we now call Italy and the Caucasus Mountains, which straddle Europe and Asia, several volcanoes erupted in quick succession, according to a new study to be published in the October issue of the journal Current Anthropology. It's likely the eruptions reduced or wiped out local bands of Neanderthals and indirectly affected farther-flung populations, the team concluded after analyzing pollen and ash from the affected area. The researchers examined sediments layer from around 40,000 years ago in Russia's Mezmaiskaya Cave and found that the more volcanic ash a layer had, the less plant pollen it contained. “ We tested all the layers for this volcanic ash signature. The most volcanic-ash-rich layer — likely corresponding to the so-called Campanian Ignimbrite eruption, which occurred near Naples—had no [tree] pollen and very little pollen from other types of plants,” said study team member Naomi Cleghorn. “It's just a sterile layer." The loss of plants would have led to a decline in plant-eating mammals, which in turn would have affected the Neanderthals, who hunted large mammals for food.“This idea of an environmental cause for the Neanderthals' demise has been out in the literature. What we're trying to do is point out a specific mechanism," said Cleghorn, an anthropologist at the University of Texas, Arlington. Other theories propose that modern humans played a vital role in the fall of the Neanderthals, either through competition, warfare, or interbreeding. If the volcanoes theory is correct the Neanderthals’end was much more tragic: dying slowly in a cold and desolate landscape bereft of food sources. It’s hard to say what would have been like to be the last few groups out there, seeing other groups less and less over the years," Cleghorn said.

The Neanderthals were a hardy species that lived trough multiple ice ages and would have been familiar with volcanoes and other natural calamities. But the eruptions 440,000 years ago were unlike anything Neanderthals had faced before, Cleghorn and company say. For one thing, all the volcanoes apparently erupted around the same time. And one of those blasts, the Campanian Ignimbrite, is thought to have been the most powerful eruption in Europe in the last 20,000 years. "It's much easier to adapt to something that's happening over a couple of generations," Cleghorn said. “You can move around, you can find other places to live, and your population can rebound." "This is not that kind of event," she said.“This is unique. There may also have been small bands of Homo sapiens living in Europe at the time, Cleghorn said. They too would have been affected by the eruptions. But modern humans likely avoided extinction because they had larger populations in Africa and Asia, she said, while most Neanderthals were in Europe around that time. “With their small population groups, Neanderthals did not really have a great source population," Cleghorn said. “They didn't really have the numbers and the density to rebuild their populations after the eruptions. The researchers acknowledge that there are gaps in the volcanoes theory. For instance, the time line needs to be better defined—did the volcanic eruptions occur in a period of months, years, or decades? “At this point, it's impossible to pin down a reliable date" for the eruptions, Cleghorn said. “We can't say that this eruption happened 50 years before the next eruption. We just don't have that kind of resolution." It's also unknown exactly how long it took the Neanderthals to die out—or how long after the eruptions modern humans began settling Europe in force, she said. Anthropologist John Hoffecker, though, suggests that modern humans had already begun crowding out Neanderthals in Europe long before the eruptions in question.

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