2002 年上海华东师范大学自然地理学考研真题 一、名词解释（每题 3 分 共 30 分） 1.分水岭 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 2.大气环流 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 3.气旋 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 4.生物群落 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 5.氯度 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 6.土壤的剖面结构 

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 7.枯水径流 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 8.水量平衡 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 9.太阳历 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 10.溯源侵蚀 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 二、简答题 （50 分） 1.潮汐有哪三种类型?（6 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 

2.什么叫径流模数?其单位是什么?（8 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 3.波浪是如何形成的?包括哪四个要素?（8 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 4.地下水的总矿化度与硬度是如何定义的?（8 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 5.根据组成海岸物质进行分类，海岸有哪几类，海岸带分成哪几个部分?（8 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 6.什么叫雪线?影响雪线高度的三个主要因素是什么?不同纬度的雪线有什么变化规律?（12 分） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 三、论述题（20 分） 我国最大的三角洲有哪三个?试以其中一个为例，论述近几十年来人类活动对三角洲发 育的影响。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 

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