Analysis and Design of RF and Digital Systems Using Keysight SystemVue.pdf

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Keysight Technologies Analysis and Design of RF and Digital Systems Using Keysight SystemVue Primer

Analysis and Design of RF and Digital Systems Using Keysight SystemVue Primer Abstract Keysight Technologies, Inc. has developed a set of software products for both circuit and system-level analysis, and design of radio frequency (RF) systems. This primer introduces the basics of Keysight SystemVue simulators and how to use them to effectively empower RF and digital system design.

Contents General Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 8 1. SystemVue .................................................................................................................................. 8 2. Scope .......................................................................................................................................... 8 3. Objectives ................................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 1: SystemVue Integrated Simulators ...................................................................................... 9 1.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 9 1.2. Traditional Simulation Techniques ............................................................................................ 9 1.3. Behavioral Modeling .................................................................................................................. 9 1.3.1. Data Flow Simulator ..................................................................................................... 10 1.3.2. Spectrasys ................................................................................................................... 122 1.3.3. WhatIF Frequency Planner ......................................................................................... 155 1.3.4. Parameter Sweep ......................................................................................................... 15 1.3.5. Behavioral Optimization ............................................................................................. 177 1.4. Summary .................................................................................................................................. 18 Chapter 2: RF System Design Basics .................................................................................................. 20 2.1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 20 2.2. Transceiver Design ................................................................................................................... 20 2.3. Receiver Architectures ............................................................................................................. 21 2.3.1. Super-Heterodyne Receivers ..................................................................................... 222 2.3.2. Low-IF Receivers ........................................................................................................ 222 2.3.3. Direct-Conversion Receivers ...................................................................................... 232 2.3.4. Sub-Sampling Receivers ............................................................................................ 233 2.3.5. Receiver Architecture Benchmark ............................................................................... 23 2.4. System-Level Considerations ................................................................................................ 244 2.4.1. Figures-of-Merit ......................................................................................................... 244 2.4.2. Range Equations ......................................................................................................... 254 2.4.3. Link Budget ................................................................................................................. 255 2.4.4. Sensitivity and Selectivity ............................................................................................. 26 Analysis and Design of RF and Digital Systems Using Keysight SystemVue ©2014 Keysight Technologies -- Page 2

2.4.5. Image Rejection .......................................................................................................... 287 2.4.6. Phase Noise ................................................................................................................ 288 2.4.7. DC Offset ..................................................................................................................... 299 2.5. Nonlinear Behavior of RF Systems ........................................................................................ 299 2.5.1. Intermodulation Distortion ........................................................................................... 29 2.5.2. Noise Figure .................................................................................................................. 30 2.5.3. In-Band and Out-of-Band Interferers and Blockers .................................................... 31 2.5.4. Adjacent Channels ........................................................................................................ 31 2.5.5. Gain Compression ........................................................................................................ 32 2.5.6. Dynamic Range ........................................................................................................... 344 2.6. Transceiver Design Trade-Offs .............................................................................................. 355 2.6.1. Signal-to-Noise Ratio ................................................................................................. 355 2.6.2. Frequency Planning .................................................................................................... 355 2.7. Basic RF Transceiver Building Blocks .................................................................................... 366 2.7.1. Antenna ....................................................................................................................... 377 2.7.2. Amplifier (Power/Low-Noise) ..................................................................................... 377 2.7.3. Filter ............................................................................................................................ 377 2.7.4. Duplexer ...................................................................................................................... 388 2.7.5. Mixer ............................................................................................................................ 388 2.7.6. Local Oscillator ........................................................................................................... 399 2.7.7. Detector ...................................................................................................................... 399 2.7.8. Analog-to-Digital Conversion .................................................................................... 399 2.8. Summary .................................................................................................................................. 40 Chapter 3: Designing RF Systems Using SystemVue ........................................................................ 41 Case Study: Long-Term Evolution (LTE) Front-End Design ........................................................... 41 3.1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 41 3.2. Highlights about Design Methodologies and Approaches ..................................................... 41 3.2.1. Common Design Approaches ....................................................................................... 41 3.2.2. Overview of System-Level Modeling .......................................................................... 432 3.3. Case Study: LTE Tri-Band Receiver Design .......................................................................... 444 3.3.1. LTE Overview ............................................................................................................... 454 Analysis and Design of RF and Digital Systems Using Keysight SystemVue ©2014 Keysight Technologies -- Page 3

3.3.2. Receiver Specifications and Design ........................................................................... 455 3.4. Summary .................................................................................................................................. 62 Chapter 4: Introduction to Digital Communications .......................................................................... 64 4.1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 64 4.2. Transmitter ............................................................................................................................... 65 4.3. Receiver .................................................................................................................................... 65 4.4. Channel .................................................................................................................................... 65 4.5. Other Considerations ............................................................................................................... 65 Chapter 5: Transmitter Design ............................................................................................................ 67 5.1. Transmitter Basics .................................................................................................................... 67 5.2. Input Data ................................................................................................................................. 69 5.3. Encoding ................................................................................................................................... 70 5.4. Mapping .................................................................................................................................... 71 5.5. Pulse Shape Filtering ............................................................................................................... 72 5.6. I/Q Modulation ......................................................................................................................... 96 5.7. Analyzing the Results ............................................................................................................... 98 Chapter 6: Receiver Design ................................................................................................................. 82 6.1. Receiver Basics ........................................................................................................................ 82 6.2. Receiver Subnetwork Overview ............................................................................................... 85 6.3. Demodulator ............................................................................................................................ 87 6.4. Matched Filtering ..................................................................................................................... 88 6.5. Synchronization ........................................................................................................................ 88 6.6. Phase and Timing Error Correction ......................................................................................... 91 6.7. Frequency Error Correction ..................................................................................................... 93 6.8. Channel Estimation .................................................................................................................. 97 6.9. Demapping ............................................................................................................................... 97 6.10. Code Correction ...................................................................................................................... 98 Chapter 7: System Level Modeling ..................................................................................................... 99 7.1. BER ........................................................................................................................................... 99 7.2. Cross Domain Simulation ...................................................................................................... 102 7.3. HDL Generation...................................................................................................................... 104 Analysis and Design of RF and Digital Systems Using Keysight SystemVue ©2014 Keysight Technologies -- Page 4

Chapter 8: OFDM Transmitter ........................................................................................................... 108 8.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 108 8.2. OFDM Frame Structure .......................................................................................................... 111 8.3. OFDM Payload........................................................................................................................ 112 8.4. Pilot Signals ............................................................................................................................ 113 8.5. Frequency-to-Time Domain .................................................................................................. 114 Chapter 9: Spread Spectrum CDMA Tutorial ................................................................................... 118 9.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 118 9.2. Lab 1: Bit Generation Pattern ................................................................................................ 118 9.3. Lab 2: Mapping ...................................................................................................................... 125 9.4. Lab 3: Walsh Code ................................................................................................................. 128 9.5. Lab 4: Filter Design ................................................................................................................ 131 9.6. Lab 5: Modulation .................................................................................................................. 133 9.7. Lab 6: RF Link ......................................................................................................................... 135 9.8. Lab 7: Step 7 Demodulation .................................................................................................. 139 9.9. Lab 8: Completed System ...................................................................................................... 144 9.10. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 152 9.11 Appendix ................................................................................................................................ 153 References ......................................................................................................................................... 154 Analysis and Design of RF and Digital Systems Using Keysight SystemVue ©2014 Keysight Technologies -- Page 5

Acronyms and Abbreviations 3G Third-Generation 3GPP Third-Generation Partnership Project ACPR Adjacent Channel Power Ratio ADS Advanced Design System AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise BER Bit Error Rate CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor CNR Carrier-to-Noise Ratio CPU Central Processing Unit CW Continuous Wave DC Direct Current DR Dynamic Range DSP Digital Signal Processing E-UTRA Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access EVM Error Vector Magnitude FDD Frequency Division Duplex FSPL Free-Space Path Loss G Gain HB Harmonic Balance HDL Hardware Description Language Intermediate Frequency Intermodulation Distortion Intellectual Property IF IMD IP LO Local Oscillator LOS Line-of-Sight LTE Long Term Evolution MDS Minimum Discernible Signal MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output NF Noise Figure OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access P1dB 1-dB Compression Point PLL Phase-Locked Loop PRB Physical Resource Blocks QPSK Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying RF Radio-Frequency SAE System Architecture Evolution SC-FDMA Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access SDF Synchronous Data Flow SINAD Signal-to-Noise and Distortion Ratio SISO Simple Input Simple Output SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio (also S/N) SP Scattering Parameters SPARCA Spectral Propagation and Root Cause Analysis TA Transient Analysis TDD Time Division Duplex THD Total Harmonic Distortion TOI Third-Order Intercept Point (also IP3) UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System VCO Voltage-Controlled Oscillator Analysis and Design of RF and Digital Systems Using Keysight SystemVue ©2014 Keysight Technologies -- Page 6

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