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The Art of Multiprocessor Programming
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The Art of Multiprocessor Programming Maurice Herlihy Nir Shavit AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO Morgan Kaufmann Publishers is an imprint of Elsevier
Acquisitions Editor Tiffany Gasbarrini Publishing Services Manager George Morrison Senior Production Editor Cover Design Composition Interior printer Cover printer Paul Gottehrer Alisa Andreola diacriTech Sheridan Books Phoenix Color Corp. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers is an imprint of Elsevier. 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA This book is printed on acid-free paper. ∞ Copyright © 2008 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks or registered trademarks. In all instances in which Morgan Kaufmann Publishers is aware of a claim, the product names appear in initial capital or all capital letters. Readers, however, should contact the appropriate companies for more complete information regarding trademarks and registration. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, scanning, or otherwise—without prior written permission of the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, E-mail: permissions@elsevier.com. You may also complete your request online via the Elsevier homepage (http://elsevier.com), by selecting “Support & Contact” then “Copyright and Permission” and then “Obtaining Permissions.” Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Application submitted ISBN: 978-0-12-370591-4 For information on all Morgan Kaufmann publications, visit our Web site at www.mkp.com or www.books.elsevier.com Printed and bound in the United States of America 09 10 11 12 13 5 4 3 2 1
For my parents, David and Patricia Herlihy, and for Liuba, David, and Anna. For my parents, Noun and Aliza, my beautiful wife Shafi, and my kids, Yonadav and Lior, for their love and their patience, their incredible, unbelievable, and unwavering patience, throughout the writing of this book.
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Contents xvii xix 1 3 6 8 9 10 12 13 15 15 16 19 21 21 22 vii Acknowledgments Preface 1 Introduction 1.1 Shared Objects and Synchronization 1.2 A Fable 1.2.1 Properties of Mutual Exclusion 1.2.2 The Moral 1.3 The Producer–Consumer Problem 1.4 The Readers–Writers Problem 1.5 The Harsh Realities of Parallelization 1.6 Parallel Programming 1.7 Chapter Notes 1.8 Exercises I PRINCIPLES 2 Mutual Exclusion 2.1 Time 2.2 Critical Sections
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