21 世纪研究生英语(综合教程 2) 练习题答案
Unit One
Text A Putting in a Good Word for Guilt
(2) obsessively
(3) ingrained
(4) hustles
Ⅲ. Key to the exercises
1. Reading comprehension
(1) They think guilt is a bad thing for one’s psychology, and if you want to live with true liberation,
you should get rid of the sense of guilt and try to believe everything and everybody is OK, no
matter what you have done.
(2) Under this kind of conception, people try to ignore the sense of guilt without finding out its
real meaning in life. And it’s somewhat like self
deceiving to say everything is ok because in
deeper conscience, people will still feel uneasy if sense of guilt is not dealt with properly.
(3) Some people can go through their lives without a moment of guilt, while the other group of
people may feel guilty just for being alive.
(4) A sense of guilt, as well as a sense of duty, can urge us to do the right thing when we may not
feel like doing it. In that way, a sense of guilt is the great civilizer of our basic conscience and the
maintainer of our behavior.
(5) You can either change the opinion of a perfect image so that you’ll feel less guilty when failing
to achieve something, or change the behavior in a way that is more in accord with your right
conscience.
2. Vocabulary
(1) slaying
(5) inflicted (6) commandment/stampede
(8) qualms
3. Paraphrase
(1) But then it came to my mind that people have given up guilt for too long a time. During that
period of time of about ten years or more, those welcome psychologists solved people’s mental
problems by writing books instead of giving clinical treatment. And they are trying to advocate the
concept that nobody should feel guilty for anything.
(2) In the past, it was commonly thought that to love himself, everyone should first give up his
guilt. For the most part of the past ten years, people deliberately ignored the sense of guilt without
understanding its meaning and significance.
(3) What’s more, we would never be one of those who give up their guilt while becoming more
and more deteriorated in excessive admiration of themselves.
(4) There are people who are tortured by unreasonable guilt. Of course we are not willing to be
one of them or guide our children to be one of them.
(5) In such a changeable world, our sense of duty is very likely to change our feeling. Now an old
concept may conflict with a new one on what we should do. There is a
great difference between
our belief and the education we got, and that difference results in the sense of guilt.
(6) If guilt represents the contradiction of our standards of behavior, it is a good thing full of
strength and humanness.
(7) In some aspect, the so
called bad feeling reflects the best nature of human being. Because we
(7) infidelities
(9) catatonic
don’t want to feel guilty, we will not do bad things.
(8) In that aspect, guilt can make us civilized and force us by conscience to be good people instead
of putting ourselves in the first place urgently.
4. Cloze
(2) responsibility(3) reason(4) triggered(5) anxiety(6) committed(7) criticism(8) empathy(9)
develop(10) violates(11) value(12) intended(13) fulfill(14) generally(15) failing(16) intended(17)
biochemical (18) judged(19) since(20) nature5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
究其最深层最彻底的含义,内疚感是我们心中一个渴望被捕获的罪犯。做错了事就产生这种
可怕的、发自内心的感觉。这正如麦克白夫人满脑子想的那个别人看不到的血点一样……而
且我们还不能四处张望。
没有内疚就等于没有良知。感觉不到内疚的人给他人造成痛苦后心情照样不错,结果他们就
心安理得地接着给别人制造痛苦。我们什么不要都可以,唯独不能不要良知。
弗洛伊德曾说过:“上帝在良知方面处理不当,有些粗心,大多数人生来良知就不算多,要
么就少的不值一提。”
这里说明一点,我并不是建议每个人报名参加寻找内疚之旅。然而,我们必须对以下两种观
点加以区分:一种认为我们所有人都应该为诸如贫困或种族主义感到内疚;另一种则断言受
压迫者是“命里注定”。
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1)
came out.
(2) On the coming of the New Year, it occurred to Sam that he should put aside his work for a
while and call his parents.
(3)
social commitment.
(4)
polarization, and measures have been taken to shorten the distance.
(5) As the cost of being famous, stars are particularly vulnerable to criticism, because people
always have higher expectations of them.
People appealed to the government to put in a good word for the real hero after the truth
The government has realized that serious social problems may arise from
In a time of change, young people often put self
interest in the first place and tune out
wealth
Text B Ambition
Ⅲ. Key to the exercises
1. F2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. F 9. F 10. T
Unit Two
Text A In the Beginning: God and Science
Ⅲ. Key to the exercises
1. Reading comprehension
(1) “Immaterial” has two senses: (a) Of no importance or relevance, inconsequential or irrelevant;
(b) Having no material body or form.
It seems that people have taken the conception that
religion or spiritual activity is of no importance in human’s life.
(2) The Steady State theory that the universe just exists infinitively without generation and
(3) ignites
(4) receding(5) subversive(6) convergence
(7) provisional(8) defies
destruction.
(3) Because they seem to get some confirmation from the science of the creation of world
described in Bible.
(4) Because it is one of the basic scientific principle that every effect has a cause, but the creation
of the universe, as the starting point of everything, has no cause, which contradicts with the
principle.
(5) Of course it is not the final conclusion about the creation of world. But both scientific and
religious fields should take some effort to explore with proper awe the unknown area that is
suggested by it.
2. Vocabulary
(2) serenity
(9) concur (10) becoming3. Paraphrase
(1) It’s hard and even intolerable to imagine the infinitive universe, like the endless time, but this
idea can at least make people feel calm and peaceful.
(2) However, in recent decades, the Steady State model of universe has been substituted in
scientific field by a more difficult idea that the universe is full of forceful actions.
(3) The Big Bang theory makes some astronomers very uneasy, but at the same time, creates a
little excitement in religious field for it seems to confirm their belief in creation.
(4) Science educed the Big Bang theory from the hard work of assumption and testification and
even unexpected but pleasant incidents, which share little interest with ideology.
(5) Many theologians also agree that the similar points of religion and science on the issue of
creation is accidental without deep significance.
(6) Some scientists refuse to consider the issue of creation with the attitude of dealing with the
fact.
(7) Yet, actually everyone, including scientists and common religious persons, is possessed by the
confusing issues of creation and even what happened before it.
(8) People who are engaged in the hi
their work.
(9) The Big Bang theory of course is not the perfect final theory of creation that human can
develop, but what it shows to us is a vast unknown area that requires effort and appropriate respect
from both religion and science.
4. Cloze
(2) deeply(3) movements(4) longing(5) endeavor(6) present(7) religious(8)
suffice(9) varying(10)
experience(11) primitive(12) evokes(13) stage(14) poorly(15) creates(16) depend(17) handed(18)
disposed(19) degree(20) basis5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
硅芯片时代的不可知论可被除了造物之外的许多疑惑所动摇。几乎具有同样神秘色彩的问题
是,在几十亿年前,是什么条件产生了第一个能够复制自身的分子。这一步使得遍布地球的
所有生命形式的发展成为可能。为什么恰在那时发生呢?
对于科学和神学在大爆炸宇宙学上表面的趋同,宗教界表现出来的热情是可以理解的。自启
蒙运动以来,《圣经》所述的创世故事或者其它“事件”,如人之堕落和耶稣基督的奇迹,屡
屡遭遇科学的贬抑;它们仅仅被当作神话、迷信而已。现在信徒们不由得要相信科学已经费
力地证实了至少一个圣经“神话”:创世说。
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
tech field need something from spirit and ethics to conduct
(1) Since my grandma knows nothing about electrical appliance, she always stays clear of any of
them with fear.
(2) Although they have been sieged for almost a week, the soldiers swear never to yield the ground
to the enemy.
(3) He found with embarrassment that his new boss turned out to be his primary school classmate,
on whom he used to play trick.
(4) Everybody should know how to choose when their social responsibility clashes with their
personal interest.
(5) Tourists from all over the world are really taken by the beauty and intelligence shown in this
palace.
Text B Science and Religion
Ⅱ. Key to the exercises
1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. F 7.T8 T9 F10 T
Unit Three
Text A Privacy and Property on the Net
Ⅲ. Key to the exercises
1. Reading comprehension
(1) The writer intends to show there exists hypocrisy in government’s confidentiality protections.
(2) The author implies to satirize that copyright fails to fulfill its function that it was intended to
perform, that is, to protect performers, either celebrities or unknown performers, equally. Instead,
it states a distinction between them.
(3) Citizens’ privacy is violated by government surveillance (refer to para. 7).
(4) Scientists can utilize data mining. Although internet
based research like data mining has
its drawbacks such as lack of reliability, impossibility of impartiality, the writer still holds the
view that “internet research could benefit science, as well as society.”
(5) Government should keep pace with the societal development and timely update its policies on
privacy and property based on appropriate research.
2. Vocabulary
(1) confidential (2) facilitate (3) bizarre (4) innovation
(5) surveillance (6)incidentally (7) administered (8) deregulation
3. Paraphrase
(1) Although privacy and property are firmly established in the history of human development,
they vary as the social criteria change.
(2) They two are based on experience and can be scientifically true. However, they may be proved
wrong in some domains like social aspects.
(3) Court officials who have made a solemn promise could explore the doubtful cases then specify
those really guilty few and report to punish them according to laws.
(4) Information technology can not provide convincing answers to such questions thus ending up
being doubted by public, following nuclear power and genetic engineering.
(5) Internet
based investigations might succeed, but they are usually less reliable than traditional
sampled polls.
randomly
4. Cloze
(1) sophisticated(2) protect(3) named(4) employed(5) one(6) decode(7)
only(8) public(9)
possessed(10) periodically(11) forge(12) Another(13) limit(14) privileges(15) accountable(16)
confidential(17) access(18) difficult(19) mixture(20) symbols5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
这样一个多层机密系统的最佳构思是什么呢?是否会出现意外的后果?公众是否能接受?
如果不能很好地回答这些问题,信息技术将会像核能源和基因工程一样被笼罩在大众的疑云
之中。现在无处不在的电话销售已经让人们变得十分抵触通过电话进行的科学调查了。网络
调查倒是大有前途,但是显然缺乏传统的随机抽样调查的可信度。另一个问题是,政府以安
全为目的进行数据收集和整合,但是对其真实结果的研究在政府的安全机构内部是不可能公
正的,因为要想获得科学的公正性,研究就必须公开进行。
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) The news rendered us extremely excited that our contestant had won the championship in the
contest.
(2) After every Spring Festival graduates travel around the country in the pursuit of job.
(3) How can you tell he has murdered his neighbor in the absence of any specific proof?
(4) Under the threat of terrorists’ attacks government has to sift through heaps of mails every day.
(5) The conference committes’ members are discussing whether the topic should fall under this
session’s theme.
Text B Looking for Community on the Internet
Ⅲ. Key to the exercises
1. F2. F3. T4. F5. T6. T7. T8.T9. F10. F
Unit Four
Text A The New Whiz Kids (I)
inexperienced young officials in Kennedy’s cabinet,
Ⅲ. Key to the exercises
1. Reading comprehension
(1) A whiz kid, also called a child prodigy, usually refers to a person who is unusually intelligent,
clever or successful, especially at an early age. Whiz kid is often used to refer to the intelligent,
promising but
for example, Robert
McNamara and Harold Brown.
(2) Because young Asian American students are superachievers in their eyes: they are setting the
educational pace for the rest of America, cutting a dazzling figure at the country’s finest schools,
and they are exceptionally excellent on the math section of SAT. A higher percentage of these
young people complete high school and finish college than white American students.
(3) There are some reasons: first, “they work harder”—they spend more time on their homework,
take more courses and graduate with more credits than other American students; second, “It
involves a variety of national, cultural and religious heritages.” For instance, they view education
as the ticket to success; they credit the influence of their educated parents.
(4) No. Even the country’s best universities set admissions quotas to restrict the numbers of Asian
Americans on campus. Before 1965, the exclusionary quotas even prevent them from going to
America.
(5) The inclination for math and science can be partly explained by the fact that Asian American
students generally have better knowledge in math but little or no knowledge of English and they
feel there will be less discrimination in areas like math and science as they will be judged more
objectively. What is more, they are influenced by the promise that the investment in education is
more immediate in something like engineering than with a liberal arts degree.
2. Vocabulary
(1) rudiments/ affluence(2) peers(3) stereotype/ paragons
(4) conceals(5) telling(6) inclination
3. Paraphrase
(1) No matter how these young Asian
American students (mainly Chinese, Korean and
Indochinese) came, they are setting up good examples for other American students and an
amazingly large number of them were enrolled by the best US universities.
(2) They are graduating far above the average in the math part of SAT.
(3) All this seems to be another version of success story for the American Dream, which is an
example showing that immigrants are urged to get continuous success so that it will be possible
for their nation to become prosperous.
(4) Asian American students believe that their being regarded as the few excellent students will
be a misleading label, which will limit their personality and the real problems will be hidden.
(5) The phrase “Asian American” involves all kinds of legacies concerning the corresponding
nation, culture and religion.
(6) Asian American students tended to be educated in the fields of math and science when they
came to US for further study, partly because they are good at math yet poor in English.
4. Cloze
(6) language (7) for
estimates
Translation
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
过去的三十年,在文化、种族及阶级层次等方面均截然不同的大批亚洲移民涌入美国,改变
了美籍亚裔的群体结构,使第一代移民占据绝对优势,呈现出多样化的趋势。如此大量及多
样化的移民潮对美籍亚裔的影响是多方面的。人口的迅速增长提高了亚裔的政治经济权力,
同时为亚裔研究的发展提供了具有批评眼光的大众。在全美各校园里,亚裔要么是人数最多、
要么是增长速度最快的少数民族群体,他们对亚裔研究的强烈兴趣使当时受财政困难制约的
各高校开设了这门课程。
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) Billy’ s mother blindly equates a good boy with a boy who can learn well.
(2) There is a natural inclination in old men to be talking of themselves.
(3) We must credit them with our good intention in doing such a seemingly cruel thing.
(4) Practice repeatedly proves that history is the most telling witness.
(5) He concealed the bad news from his mother because it is the Mother’s Day today.
(14) private (15) extraordinary(16) view (17) oil
(12) fortune (13)
(19) where(20) into5.
(8) licensed
(9) system (10) compatible(11) ultimate
(18) perils
Text B The New Whiz Kids (Ⅱ)
Ⅲ. Key to the exercises
1.F 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.F 6.T 7.F 8.T9.F
Unit Five
Text A Using Popular Movies in Psychotherapy
Ⅲ. Key to the exercises
1. Reading comprehension
(1) This essay mainly discusses cinematherapy. The psychotherapist is using popular movies in
psychotherapy.
(2) The goal is to help clients look at their situations from a novel perspective, because we
sometimes understand ourselves best while listening to a story about another person.
(3) Bibliotherapy is a technique employed in the 1930s by psychiatrist Carl Menninger, who
assigned fiction and nonfiction readings to hospitalized psychiatric patients to expand their
horizons and redirect their attention. Cinematherapy is a similar intervention, but it benefits from
many practical advantages that movies have when people watch TV more than they read books.
(4) “One True Thing”: a movie about an estranged daughter Renee Zellweger and her mother
Meryl Streep who is dying of cancer, proved useful
in treating a woman who entered
psychotherapy in hopes of improving her relationship with her 21
(5) In the current therapy environment, it is important to get at critical issues as quickly as possible.
Films can do that better than almost any other art medium because they are emotionally rich, treat
relevant themes, and are easy to obtain at the neighborhood video store. It is much more likely that
busy people will spend two hours watching a film.
(6) Because, first, we want clients to watch films in an environment that is therapeutically friendly.
Second, it is sometimes necessary to watch a picture several times to mine the therapeutic gold.
With videotapes, it is just a matter of rewinding and playing again. Finally, viewing a movie
therapeutically is different from seeing it merely for pleasure. When we are absorbed in the plot of
a movie, we do not pay as much attention to character development. The heart and soul of
cinematherapy is in noting how characters change during the course of the story.
(7) The author asked him to see the picture because he was not completely conscious of how life
with his own father had shaped his behavior; after seeing the movie, he used the word “abusive”
for the first time. It was a key change and very essential to treatment. He could not see the man he
was becoming until he saw a character from the movie acting out that role.
(8) Because his mother described his father as god
like and thought of him as a wonderful man,
kind, gentle, and courageous, the author was convinced he would never be the man his father was;
after he saw the movie “Saving Private Ryan,” a strange thing happened. For the first time, he
realized how his only 23 father really was in World War Ⅱ. He was mortal, and thus real. He was
just a very young man, alone, afraid, and trying to survive. Then an unbearable weight was lifted
from his shoulders.
2. Vocabulary
(1)
articulate3. Paraphrase
(1) Our teenage son is lively and troublesome. But the reason that I come here is that I’m very
concerned about my daughter aged 21.
reconciled(4) exclusively(5) munch(6) abusive(7)
integrate(2) eloped(3)
year
old daughter.
lecturing(8)
(2) During the period of the past 21 years, I have always tried to persuade my kids to believe that
if they want to live a better life, they should receive a higher education.
(3) She said: “if you tend to love the things you own rather than to think about something that you
have lost, you will feel happy easier.”
(4) From an aesthetic point of view, some films we use are not ideal; critics, in fact, dislike many
movies we most often want clients to watch, which is not important.
(5) I was willing to take the risk of understanding his mind without scolding him concerning his
film choice. I prepare for more useful conversations selected from movies in the future.
(6) She didn’t realize that the more she described him as a wonderful man, like God in his
qualities, the more I was sure I could never reach his excellence.
4. Cloze
(1) down(2) and(3) rationally(4) unfamiliar(5) as(6) into(7) effective(8) learn(9) out(10) gives(11)
different(12) easily(13) but(14) with(15) use[](16) behavioral(17) helpful(18) by(19) problems(20)
needs5. Translation
A. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
经历过一次痛苦的离婚,一场使得十多岁的女儿对自己形同陌路的监护权争夺战以及一次中
年危机之后,斯蒂芬·德沃曼决定以自己遭遇的麻烦为原形制作并导演一部电影。影片中的
妻子长有一张蜥蜴的面孔。他在加利福尼亚州圣莫尼卡市距前妻的住宅仅 5 个街区的一个电
影院里首映了这部电影。德沃曼为筹拍《离婚,音乐喜剧》卖掉了他的商业电视及广告咨询
生意的一半,现在他希望保本甚至赚点钱。46 岁的德沃曼说:“这绝不是为了报复。我压根
儿没有这种念头。”
B. Translate the following sentences into English.
(1) The arrogant young man is so critical that he found it hard to identify with any of the
characters in this novel.
(2) The pharmaceutical factory has teamed up with a research institute of a medical college to
develop a new cough medicine.
(3) The latest movie of the famous director is concerned with later marriage.
(4) They set the stage for a military coup after the president’s death.
(5) My older brother owes his success more to his ability than to my parents’ support.
Text B The Foundations of Personality
Key to the exercises
1. F2. F3. T4. T5. F6. T7. F8. T
Unit Six
Text A On the Sense of Humor
Ⅳ. Key to the exercises
1. Reading comprehension
(1) According to Lin Yutang, humor is the highest form of human intelligence because it goes with
good sense, the reasonable spirit and some subtle powers of the mind. It’s very useful in changing
the quality and character of our entire cultural life because of its chemical function. For example,
it helps humorists see larger things; it goes to the very root of culture, and opens a way to the