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Neural Network Toolbox™ Getting Started Guide Mark Hudson Beale Martin T. Hagan Howard B. Demuth R2016a

How to Contact MathWorks Latest news: Sales and services: User community: Technical support: Phone: www.mathworks.com www.mathworks.com/sales_and_services www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral www.mathworks.com/support/contact_us 508-647-7000 The MathWorks, Inc. 3 Apple Hill Drive Natick, MA 01760-2098 Neural Network Toolbox™ Getting Started Guide © COPYRIGHT 1992–2016 by The MathWorks, Inc. The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement. The software may be used or copied only under the terms of the license agreement. No part of this manual may be photocopied or reproduced in any form without prior written consent from The MathWorks, Inc. FEDERAL ACQUISITION: This provision applies to all acquisitions of the Program and Documentation by, for, or through the federal government of the United States. By accepting delivery of the Program or Documentation, the government hereby agrees that this software or documentation qualifies as commercial computer software or commercial computer software documentation as such terms are used or defined in FAR 12.212, DFARS Part 227.72, and DFARS 252.227-7014. Accordingly, the terms and conditions of this Agreement and only those rights specified in this Agreement, shall pertain to and govern the use, modification, reproduction, release, performance, display, and disclosure of the Program and Documentation by the federal government (or other entity acquiring for or through the federal government) and shall supersede any conflicting contractual terms or conditions. If this License fails to meet the government's needs or is inconsistent in any respect with federal procurement law, the government agrees to return the Program and Documentation, unused, to The MathWorks, Inc. Trademarks MATLAB and Simulink are registered trademarks of The MathWorks, Inc. See www.mathworks.com/trademarks for a list of additional trademarks. Other product or brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Patents MathWorks products are protected by one or more U.S. patents. Please see www.mathworks.com/patents for more information.

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1 Contents Acknowledgments Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii Getting Started Neural Network Toolbox Product Description . . . . . . . . . . . Key Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Neural Networks Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using Neural Network Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automatic Script Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Neural Network Toolbox Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Neural Network Design Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fit Data with a Neural Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Defining a Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using the Neural Network Fitting Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using Command-Line Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Classify Patterns with a Neural Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Defining a Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using the Neural Network Pattern Recognition Tool . . . . . . Using Command-Line Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cluster Data with a Self-Organizing Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Defining a Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 1-2 1-3 1-5 1-5 1-7 1-9 1-10 1-10 1-11 1-22 1-31 1-31 1-33 1-45 1-53 1-53 v

Using the Neural Network Clustering Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using Command-Line Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Neural Network Time Series Prediction and Modeling . . . Defining a Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using the Neural Network Time Series Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . Using Command-Line Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parallel Computing on CPUs and GPUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parallel Computing Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parallel CPU Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GPU Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Multiple GPU/CPU Computing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cluster Computing with MATLAB Distributed Computing Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Load Balancing, Large Problems, and Beyond . . . . . . . . . . . Neural Network Toolbox Sample Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-54 1-63 1-69 1-69 1-70 1-82 1-93 1-93 1-93 1-94 1-94 1-95 1-95 1-96 Glossary vi Contents

Acknowledgments vii

Acknowledgments Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the following people: Joe Hicklin of MathWorks for getting Howard into neural network research years ago at the University of Idaho, for encouraging Howard and Mark to write the toolbox, for providing crucial help in getting the first toolbox Version 1.0 out the door, for continuing to help with the toolbox in many ways, and for being such a good friend. Roy Lurie of MathWorks for his continued enthusiasm for the possibilities for Neural Network Toolbox™ software. Mary Ann Freeman of MathWorks for general support and for her leadership of a great team of people we enjoy working with. Rakesh Kumar of MathWorks for cheerfully providing technical and practical help, encouragement, ideas and always going the extra mile for us. Alan LaFleur of MathWorks for facilitating our documentation work. Stephen Vanreusel of MathWorks for help with testing. Dan Doherty of MathWorks for marketing support and ideas. Orlando De Jesús of Oklahoma State University for his excellent work in developing and programming the dynamic training algorithms described in “Time Series and Dynamic Systems” and in programming the neural network controllers described in “Neural Network Control Systems” in the Neural Network Toolbox User's Guide. Martin T. Hagan, Howard B. Demuth, and Mark Hudson Beale for permission to include various problems, examples, and other material from Neural Network Design, January, 1996. viii

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