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Mining the Social Web THIRD EDITION Matthew A. Russell and Mikhail Klassen istory opics utorials ffers & Deals ighlights ettings Support Sign Out

Playlists Mining the Social Web History by Matthew A. Russell and Mikhail Klassen Topics Copyright © 2019 Matthew Russell, Mikhail Klassen. All rights reserved. Tutorials Printed in Canada. Offers & Deals Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472. Highlights O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (http://oreilly.com/safari). For more information, contact our corporate/institutional sales department: 8009989938 or corporate@oreilly.com. Settings Support Sign Out Acquistions Editor: Mary Treseler Development Editor: Alicia Young Production Editor: Nan Barber Copyeditor: Rachel Head Proofreader: Kim Cofer Indexer: WordCo Indexing Services, Inc. Interior Designer: David Futato Cover Designer: Karen Montgomery Illustrator: Rebecca Demarest December 2018: Third Edition Revision History for the Third Edition . 20181129: First Release

See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781491985045 for release details. The O’Reilly logo is a registered trademark of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Mining the Social Web, the cover image, and related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. The views expressed in this work are those of the authors, and do not represent the publisher’s views. While the publisher and the authors have used good faith efforts to ensure that the information and instructions contained in this work are accurate, the publisher and the authors disclaim all responsibility for errors or omissions, including without limitation responsibility for damages resulting from the use of or reliance on this work. Use of the information and instructions contained in this work is at your own risk. If any code samples or other technology this work contains or describes is subject to open source licenses or the intellectual property rights of others, it is your responsibility to ensure that your use thereof complies with such licenses and/or rights. 9781491985045 [MBP]

Preface Safari Home Recommended The Web is more a social creation than a technical one. Playlists History I designed it for a social effect—to help people work together—and not as a technical toy. The ultimate goal of the Web is to support and improve our weblike existence in the world. We clump into families, associations, and companies. We develop trust across the miles and distrust around the corner. Topics —Tim BernersLee, Weaving the Web (Harper) A Note from Matthew Russell Tutorials Offers & Deals It’s been more than five years since I put the final finishing touches on the manuscript for Mining the Social Web, 2nd Edition, and a lot has changed since then. I have lived and learned a lot of new things, technology has continued to evolve at a blistering pace, and the social web itself has matured to such an extent that governments are now formulating legal policy around how data can be collected, shared, and used. Highlights Settings Support Sign Out Knowing that my own schedule could not possibly allow for the immense commitment needed to produce a new edition to freshen up and expand on the content, but believing wholeheartedly that there has never been a better moment for the message this book delivers, I knew that it was time to find a coauthor to help deliver it to the next wave of entrepreneurs, technologists, and hackers who are curious about mining the social web. It took well over a year for me to find a coauthor who shared the same passion for the subject and possessed the skill and determination that’s required to write a book. I can’t even begin to tell you how grateful I am for Mikhail Klassen and his incredible contributions in keeping this labor of love alive for many more years to come. In the pages ahead, you’ll see that he’s done a tremendous job of modernizing the code, improving the accessibility of its runtime environment, and expanding the content with a substantial new chapter—all in addition to editing and freshening up the overall manuscript itself and enthusiastically carrying the mantle forward for the next wave of entrepreneurs, technologists, and hackers who are curious about mining the social web.

README.1st , . . ion f di o This book has been carefully designed to provide an incredible learning experience for a particular target audience, and in order to avoid any unnecessary confus or its scope b d b k l d b h i i il can oo ema purpose way y ews, ot er m a sgrunt rev e s, that sunderstandings part remainder come up, the determine you of help tries this preface to whether you are of that audience. target we and valuable our we professionals, most busy As our time consider asset, beginning the from you want right know to believe we that that the you. true of ourselves really Although often fail, we we above honor our to neighbors try as we do walk out our this or whether the you, honor attempt life, clear preface this reader, to and is by your book can expectations. this meet not making about same is it or to book want Your Expectations Managing assumptions most Some you reader as you about of are that a this the basic makes avoid how learn when hassles technology properties, social popular from to mine data web you could sample running this Although of and code, have along fun way. read the book lots possible, learning solely been has front know you purpose what that should for up is of the it exercises that become the along could such written in and a way really follow with many a you environment. data If development up simple completed to steps few once the miner you’ve set a get to painless programming relatively some done before, you should find that it’s you’ve up you programmed code and consider if before, never if with running you’ve Even the yourself daresay point starting a this as techsavvy use could you bit the least that book probably imagined even haven’t mind will that journey ways that you remarkable your in yet. examples. stretch to I a interested need the vast it all that has and to offer, you book enjoy fully To this to be in social popular Twitter, away data the for possibilities such tucked websites as in rich mining use motivated Facebook, Docker, enough to to Instagram, you need and LinkedIn, install and be book’s code book’s follow experience, example with along and run virtual this it machine the to every for examples of that tool webbased Notebook, all in Jupyter fantastic the the a features examples Executing the the of few usually easy as keys, is as a all chapter. since code interface. user friendly in you a is presented to pressing thankful you’ll This few be things book you teach will a few a add will and to that importantly, even indispensable but your tools to toolbox, tell you it more will perhaps story a social story way. It’s you along the entertain and a science about data involving websites, the data (or possibilities the some them, inside of tucked away you of intriguing of and that’s with data. else) could this do anyone learn what If you to were read this book from cover cover, to you’d notice that this story unfolds on a

chapterbychapter basis. While each chapter roughly follows a predictable template that introduces a social website, teaches you how to use its API to fetch data, and presents some techniques for data analysis, the broader story the book tells crescendos in complexity. Earlier chapters in the book take a little more time to introduce fundamental concepts, while later chapters systematically build upon the foundation from earlier chapters and gradually introduce a broad array of tools and techniques for mining the social web that you can take with you into other aspects of your life as a data scientist, analyst, visionary thinker, or curious reader. Some of the most popular social websites have transitioned from fad to mainstream to household names over recent years, changing the way we live our lives on and off the web and enabling technology to bring out the best (and sometimes the worst) in us. Generally speaking, each chapter of this book interlaces slivers of the social web along with data mining, analysis, and visualization techniques to explore data and answer the following representative questions: Who knows whom, and which people are common to their social networks? How frequently are particular people communicating with one another? Which social network connections generate the most value for a particular niche? How does geography affect your social connections in an online world? Who are the most influential/popular people in a social network? What are people chatting about (and is it valuable)? What are people interested in based upon the human language that they use in a digital world? The answers to these basic kinds of questions often yield valuable insights and present (sometimes lucrative) opportunities for entrepreneurs, social scientists, and other curious practitioners who are trying to understand a problem space and find solutions. Activities such as building a turnkey killer app from scratch to answer these questions, venturing far beyond the typical usage of visualization libraries, and constructing just about anything stateoftheart are not within the scope of this book. You’ll be really disappointed if you purchase this book because you want to do one of those things. However, the book does provide the fundamental building blocks to answer these questions and provide a springboard that might be exactly what you need to build that killer app or conduct that research study. Skim a few chapters and see for yourself. This book covers a lot of ground. One important thing to note is that APIs are constantly changing. Social media hasn’t been

around all that long, and even the platforms that appear the most established today are still adapting to how people use them and confronting new threats to security and privacy. As such, the interfaces between our code and their platforms (the APIs) are liable to change too, which means that the code examples provided in this book may not work as intended in the future. We’ve tried to create realistic examples that are useful for general purposes and app developers, and therefore some of them will require submitting an application for review and approval. We’ll do our best to flag those with notes, but be advised API terms of service can change at any time. Nevertheless, as long as your app abides by the terms of service, it will likely get approved, so it’s worth the effort. Python-Centric Technology This book intentionally takes advantage of the Python programming language for all of its example code. Python’s intuitive syntax, amazing ecosystem of packages that trivialize API access and data manipulation, and core data structures that are practically JSON make it an excellent teaching tool that’s powerful yet also very easy to get up and running. As if that weren’t enough to make Python both a great pedagogical choice and a very pragmatic choice for mining the social web, there’s the Jupyter Notebook, a powerful, interactive code interpreter that provides a notebooklike user experience from within your web browser and combines code execution, code output, text, mathematical typesetting, plots, and more. It’s difficult to imagine a better user experience for a learning environment, because it trivializes the problem of delivering sample code that you as the reader can follow along with and execute with no hassles. Figure P1 provides an illustration of the Jupyter Notebook experience, demonstrating the dashboard of notebooks for each chapter of the book. Figure P2 shows a view of one notebook. Figure P1. Overview of the Jupyter Notebook; a dashboard of notebooks

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