2018 年 11 月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译实务真题及答案 英译汉 Traces of microplastics and hazardous chemicals found in majority of snow and ice samples taken earlier this year. Plastic and traces of hazardous chemicals have been found in Antarctica, one of the world’s last great wildernesses, according to a new study. Researchers spent three months taking water and snow samples from remote areas of the continent earlier this year. These have now been analysed and researchers have confirmed the majority contained “persistent hazardous chemicals” or microplastics. The findings come amid growing concern about the extent of the plastic pollution crisis which scientists have warned risks “permanent contamination” of the planet. Earlier this week, the UN warned it is one of the world’s biggest environmental threats and said although 60 countries were taking urgent action more needed to be done. The new report by researchers at Greenpeace is part of global campaign to create the world’s biggest ocean sanctuary in the seas around Antarctica to protect the fragile ecosystem from industrial fishing and climate change. Frida Bengtsson, of Greenpeace’s Protect the Antarctic campaign, said the findings proved that even the most remote areas of the planet were not immune from the impact of manmade pollution. “We need action at source, to stop these pollutants ending up in the Antarctic in the first place, and we need an Antarctic ocean sanctuary to give space for penguins, whales and the entire ecosystem to recover from the pressures they’re facing,” she said. Seven of the eight sea-surface water samples tested contained microplastics such as microfibres. Seven of the nine snow samples tested contained detectable concentrations of the persistent hazardous chemicals – polyfluorinated alkylated substances, or PFAS. Researchers said the chemicals are widely used in many industrial processes and consumer products and have been linked to reproductive and developmental issues in 

wildlife. They said the snow samples gathered included freshly fallen snow, suggesting the hazardous chemicals had come from contaminated rain or snowfall. Prof Alex Rogers, a specialist in sustainable oceans at the Oxford Martin school, Oxford University, said the discovery of plastics and chemicals in Antarctica confirmed that manmade pollutants were now affecting ecosystems in every corner of the world. And he warned the consequences of this pervasive contamination remained largely unknown. “The big question now is what are the actual consequences of finding this stuff here? Many of these chemicals are pretty nasty and as they move up the food chain they may be having serious consequences for the health of wildlife, and ultimately humans. The effects of microplastics on marine life, likewise, are largely not understood,” he said. There is relatively little data on the extent of microplastics in Antarctic waters, and researchers said they hoped this new study would lead to a greater understanding of the global extent of plastic and chemical pollutants. Bengtsson said: “Plastic has now been found in all corners of our oceans, from the Antarctic to the Arctic and at the deepest point of the ocean, the Mariana trench. We need urgent action to reduce the flow of plastic into our seas and we need large-scale marine reserves – like a huge Antarctic ocean sanctuary which over 1.6m people are calling for – to protect marine life and our oceans for future generations.” 参考答案： 在今年早些时候采集的大部分冰雪样本中发现了微量塑料和有害化学物质。 一项新的研究表明，研究人员在南极洲发现了塑料和有害化学物质，这是世界上最后的几片 荒野之一。 今年早些时候，研究人员花了三个月的时间从大陆偏远地区采集了水和雪的样本。 目前已经对这些物质进行了分析，研究人员证实，其中大部分都含有“持久性危险化学物质” 或微塑料。 这一发现正值人们对塑料污染危机程度日益担忧之际。科学家们警告称，塑料污染危机可能 给地球带来“永久性伤害”。 本周早些时候，联合国说，尽管有 60 个国家正在采取更为迫切的行动，但其警告称，这是 

世界上最大的环境威胁之一。 绿色和平组织研究人员的最新报告是全球保护行动的一部分，目的是在南极洲周围海域创建 世界上最大的海洋保护区，以保护脆弱的生态系统免受捕捞业和气候变化的影响。 绿色和平组织保护南极运动的 Frida Bengtsson 说，这些发现证明即使是地球上最偏远的地 区也无法免受人为污染的影响。 她说:“我们需要从源头上采取行动，首先阻止这些污染物进入南极。我们需要一个南极海 洋保护区，为企鹅、鲸鱼和整个生态系统提供空间，让它们从海洋污染的压力中恢复过来。” 在测试的 8 个海水样本中，有 7 个含有微塑料，如微纤维。在测试的 9 个雪样中，有 7 个样 品含有可检测到的持久性有害化学物质——聚氟化烷基化物质(PFAS)。 研究人员说，这些化学物质广泛应用于工业过程和消费品中，并与野生动物的生殖和发育问 题密切相关。他们说，收集到的雪样本中包括刚刚下的雪，表明危险的化学物质来自受污染 的雨或降雪。 牛津大学牛津马丁学院可持续海洋专家亚历克斯•罗杰斯教授表示，南极洲塑料和化学物质 的发现证实，人造污染物正在影响世界各地的生态系统。 他警告说，这种无孔不入污染的后果在很大程度上仍不为人知。 “现在的主要问题是，在这里发现这些污染物的实际后果是什么?”这些化学物质中有许多 是非常有害的，当它们沿着食物链移动时，它们可能会对野生动物的健康造成严重影响，最 终危及人类。同样地，微型塑料对海洋生物的影响在很大程度上是不为人知的。 目前还没有相关数据表明南极水域塑料微粒的范围。研究人员表示，他们希望这项新研究能 让人们对遍及全球的塑料和化学污染物有更深入的了解。 本特松说:“从南极到北极，再到海洋最深处的马里亚纳海沟，我们在海洋的各个角落都发 现了塑料。我们需要采取紧急行动，减少塑料流入我们的海洋，我们需要大规模的海洋设施 ——比如超过 160 万人呼吁建立的巨大南极海洋保护区——目的是为子孙后代保护海洋生 物和海洋。 汉译英 河南是中华民族和文明的重要发源地。中国四大发明中，指南针，造纸技术和火药都发明于 河南。河南拥有厚重的文化历史，大量的历史文物，文物数量居全国首位。河南拥有大量的 历史文物和文化遗迹，8 处国家级风景名胜、358 个国家重点文物保护单位、4 个世界级地 质公园、11 个国家级自然保护区。 河南是中国重要的经济大省，2017 国内生产总值稳居中国第 5 位。2017 年河南生产总值 44,988 亿元，比上年增长 7.8%，人均生产总值 47130 元，增长 7.4%。粮食种植面积达 10135 

千公顷，粮食产量 5973.4 万吨，比上年增加 26.8 万吨。 全部工业增加值 18,807 亿元，增长 7.4%，社会消费品零售总额 19666 亿元，增长 11.6%。 全民居民消费价格比上年上涨 1.4%。 河南是“一带一路”的重要中心。河南已经与 200 多个国家和地区建立贸易联系。河南要以 其更有吸引力的政策，更友好的营商环境，广迎四海宾客，实现更高层次的互利共赢。 参考答案： Henan Province is an important birthplace of the Chinese nation and civilization. Three of ancient China’s four great inventions - the compass, paper-making and gunpowder - were made in Henan. Boasting a time-honored history and profound culture, Henan is home to a great many of cultural heritage sites, numbering first in China in terms of cultural relics. There are 25 World Heritage sites, 358 major historic and cultural sites under state protection, 4 global geoparks, 12 national parks of China and 13 national nature reserves in the province. Henan is China’s major provincial economy. Its GDP of 2017, fifth in China, was 4.4988 trillion yuan, up by 7.8% over the previous year. In terms of its GDP per capita, the two figures were 47,130 yuan and 7.4% respectively. The sown area of grain stood at 10.135 million hectares and the total output of grain 59.734 million tons, an increase of 268,000 tons compared with that in the previous year. The total value added of the industrial sector was 1.8807 trillion yuan with a year-on-year increase of 7.4%. The total retail sales of consumer goods reached 1.9666 trillion yuan, a growth of 11.6% over the previous year. The consumer prices in 2017 went up by 1.4 percent over 2016. In recent years, Henan has become an important pivot of the “Belt and Road”. Henan has established trade connections with over 200 countries and regions in the world, and 127 Fortune Global 500 companies have settled down in this place. With more attractive policies and more friendly business environment, it will open wider to the outside, thus achieving mutual benefit and win-win results at higher levels.