2018 年 11 月翻译资格二级英语口译实务真题 英译汉 passage 1 I’m frequently asked to define the Sharing Economy and decided it was high time to pen the definitive answer. The Sharing Economy is a socio-economic ecosystem built around the sharing of human, physical and intellectual resources. It includes the shared creation, production, distribution, trade and consumption of goods and services by different people and organizations. People are at the heart of a Sharing Economy; it is a People’s Economy. The participants of a Sharing Economy are individuals, communities, companies, organizations and associations, all of whom are deeply embedded in a highly efficient sharing system, to which all contribute and benefit from. These are the most important features of a Sharing Economy. In a Sharing Economy, production is open and accessible to those who wish to produce. Internet technologies and networks enable the development of products and services in a collective manner, transcending geographical boundaries. 3D printing offers a more local production of goods, shortening supply chains and increasing efficiency and access. In a Sharing Economy, value is seen not purely as financial value, but wider economic, environmental and social value. The Sharing Economy is based on both material and non-material or social rewards and encourages the most efficient use of resources. Instead of being viewed as resource in the wrong place, waste has value. A Sharing Economy enables ‘waste’ to be reallocated where it is needed and valued. The system uses technology to re-distribute or trade unused or ‘sleeping’ assets, generating value for people, communities and companies. Being a member of a car club, for example, and paying for what you use, is seen as preferable and smarter than bearing the cost, burden, resource wastage and idling capacity of ownership. A Sharing Economy puts both people and planet at the heart of the economic system. Value creation, production and distribution operate in harmony with the available natural resources, not at the expense of the planet, promoting the flourishing of human life within environmental limits. Environmental responsibility, including the burdens of environmental damage, are shared; among people, organizations, and national governments. In a Sharing Economy, information and knowledge is shared, open and accessible. 

Communications are distributed; knowledge and intelligence are widely accessible, easily obtained and can be used by different individuals, communities or organizations in different ways for different purposes. Technology and social networks enable the flow of communications and support the sharing of information. This system promotes easily accessible education of a high level, enabling everyone to access the information, skills and tools they need to succeed. Whilst the Sharing Economy is currently in its infancy, this is only the beginning. In its entirety and potential it is a new and alternative socio-economic system which embeds sharing and collaboration at its heart – across all aspects of social and economic life. passage 2 Thank you all for being here tonight. This evening is an opportunity for Britain and China to come together. A chance to identify our shared ambitions, our mutual strengths and the opportunities we have to work together to shape the future of global trade. But, first and foremost, we are here tonight to celebrate the upcoming GREAT Festival of Innovation. The festival, which will take place in March just a few miles away in Hong Kong, will bring together some of the UK and Asia’s most pioneering companies. It will be a gathering like no other - an opportunity to share innovations that will drive the future of free trade and for businesses to build lifelong partnerships. It is this spirit of friendship and commonality that I wish to speak to you about tonight. It is fitting that this evening we are gathered in Shenzhen, a city with innovation in its DNA. Shenzhen, as the technological capital of China, is the engine room that will power China in the age of the fourth industrial revolution. In a matter of decades, Shenzhen has transformed from a small fishing village into a dynamic and youthful city with a population of more than 11 million. Much of this success has been down to this city’s dynamism, and its dedication to technical advancement. With research and development investment accounting for 4% of GDP – double the national average – and patent applications standing at the highest in China for 10 consecutive years, it cannot be denied that we stand in a city that is unapologetically focused on the future. Across this city, some of the world’s most talented minds are coming together to design tomorrow’s technology. Shenzhen is a world-leading producer of drones, electric cars and DNA sequencing machines. It is clear that this city has much to offer the world. But I am here this evening to talk about what the United Kingdom can offer Shenzhen. Yesterday, I had several hours of constructive and positive talks with Commerce Minister Zhong Shan where we discussed the opportunities that result from the 

complementary nature of our economies. Technology is clearly one but there are others. Another lies in food and drink. China will need to ensure that there is a sufficient supply of quality foodstuffs available for its growing population and especially its burgeoning middle class. Britain will want to ensure better and more predictable incomes for our farmers as we leave the EU so that we can attract investment and improve productivity. We must work together in the months ahead to ensure that we address any concerns that Chinese authorities have so that the Chinese people can enjoy the benefits that quality UK beef, lamb and poultry can bring. Our already growing exports of food and drink can improve further with the lifting of market access barriers. There is a great opportunity to be ambitious about our future trading relationship to the benefit of both sides. We will continue to explore all our options together. When the UK voted in 2016 to leave the European Union, there were many around the world that portrayed the result as a symptom of insularity. They predicted that Britain would be turning in on itself, abdicating its international responsibilities and severing global ties. I am here to tell you that nothing could be further from the truth. Instead, last year’s referendum vote to leave the European Union has offered us an unprecedented opportunity. For the first time in more than 4 decades, we have the opportunity to forge new trading partnerships around the world, with old friends and new allies alike. We are building a Global Britain – a country that champions commercial freedoms, prizes international talent, and helps the world’s most dynamic and innovative enterprises to reach their potential. 汉译英 passage 1 核能自诞生以来，为人类的经济社会发展做出了巨大贡献，同时其蕴含的巨大风险也有目共 睹。福岛核事故后，一些国家做出了限制甚至放弃发展核能的决策，我们对此表示理解和尊 重。但在中方看来，核能在保障能源安全、促进经济发展、应对气候变化等方面的作用短期 内无法用其他能源方式取代。 因此，我们不能因为发生一、两次核事故而彻底扼杀核能的未来。国际社会应通过合作，致 力于提高全球范围内的核能安全水平，确保核能以安全的方式为人类造福。各国应切实负起 核能安全的责任。 任何开发利用核能的国家，都应建立适当的核能基础架构，参照国际公认的核安全标准和规 范行事，严格履行相关国际公约义务，加强核安全审查和监管，重视安全文化和人员培训， 建立有效的核事故应急机制。 

利用核安全国际交流与合作提高核安全能力。各国应该充分利用各种渠道和机制，分享核安 全方面的有益做法和经验，提高各国的核安全能力。拥有先进核技术和核安全经验的国家， 应积极向他国，特别是发展中国家提供核安全援助。 加强对核事故的共同应对。探讨对现有核事故通报机制进行改革和强化，确保外界，特别是 可能受到影响的国家及时获得核事故信息。同时，要做到“一方有难，八方支援”。 passage 2 “中国制造 2025” 是中国政府深在思熟虑基础上做出的战略决策，是根据中国目前的工业 化水平、放眼未来制定的，核心内容是要提高中国产品和中国装备的质量和水平。 一方面，中国制造可以说是已经享誉全球，但是中国制造的水平总体还处于中低端。另一方 面，中国的装备和中国制造一样总体水平也不高，还需要引进国外的装备。“中国制造 2025” 就是要推动中国装备的水平向智能化的方向发展，在现有的层次上不断提高质量。 现在对“中国制造 2025”有一种误解，好像我们出台的这些政策，目的是将来不再购买国 外装备了。第一，这是不可能的。因为这是一个全球化的世界，企业购买装备由它们自主选 择。在这个开放的市场条件下应该给企业选择的权利。第二，任何一个国家都愿意提高本国 装备的质量和水平，这本身无可非议。但是如果关起门来干，在全球化的条件下等于是“闭 门造车”，是不行的。 中国制造 2025”的实施会给中外企业带来巨大的市场机遇。中国企业要提高产品制造的质 量，必须提高工艺水平和装备水平。在这个提高过程中，我们需要同发达国家合作，未来会 有更多的中外企业在装备技术领域开展合作。国外装备在中国要争取更大的市场，需要把产 品本地化。 比如美国通用汽车在中国市场占据了相当份额，它是和中国企业合资，按照中国的道路状况、 气候条件等进行了改造，所以在中国的市场份额不断扩大。有一点，我要强调，这种合作是 企业自愿、有利于开拓中国市场甚至第三方市场的。中国政府不允许中国企业强迫合资方转 让技术，更不允许出现侵犯知识产权的行为。任何在中国投资的外国企业都将享受与国内企 业同等的政策待遇。