1998 年上海华东师范大学中国通史及自然地理学考研真题 中国通史 一、名词解释（每题 5 分，共 40 分） 1、太学 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 2、九品中正 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 3、少康中兴 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 4、亚罗号事件 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 5、《资政新篇》 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 

6、废两改元 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 7、瓦窑堡会议 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 8、下关惨案 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 二、问答题（每题 20 分，共 60 分） 1、比较王安石变法与张居正改革。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 2、孙中山新旧三民主义比较。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 3、国民党 1928 年第二次北伐述评。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 

_________________________________________________________ 自然地理学 1.简述大气的结构，并阐明其各层次的主要特点。（20%） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 2.海岸据物质可以分为哪几类?海岸带可以包括哪几部分?（20%） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 3.试述河流与自然地理环境之间的相互作用。（20%） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 4.以欧亚大陆为例阐述土壤分布的纬度地带性。（20%） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 5.指出中国土地资源的状况和特征。（20%） _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________